Lieutenant (Eastern Europe)

This article is about the OF-1a (OF-1 senior) rank Poruchik (Army and Air Force). For the equivalent rank in NATO see First lieutenant, Flying officer, or Oberleutnant zur See. The correspondent Slavophone rank in might be Starshy leytenant.

Rank insignia until 1917
Rank insignia	Russian Imperial Army
Introduction	17th century
Rank group	Ober-ofizer
Army 1855-1917	Poruchik
Navy 1909-1917	Starchi lejtenant
NATO equivalent	OF-1a

Poruchik (Template:Lang-hr, Template:Lang-cs, Template:Lang-pl, Template:Lang-ru, Template:Lang-sr, Template:Lang-sk) is an Officer rank out of the Lieutenant´s rank group in Slavophone armed forces. The correspondent Slavophone rank might be Starshy leytenant.

Russian imperial armed forces

The Imperial Russian Army introduced this rank first in middle of the 17th century, by the Strelets so-called Regiments of the new type, reflected in the Table of Ranks. A Poruchik was normally assigned to assistant commanding officer of a company, later platoon. In 1798 this particular rank designation was replaced by Lieutenant beginning with the Russian Guards, followed by other military units, and legalised by the Table of Ranks.

According to the modern day´s NATO rank system Poruchik might be comparable to OF-1b) ranks Second lieutenant / Pilot officer, Ensign, Leutnant / Leutnant zur See.

Sequence of ranks ascending

lower rank: Podporuchik

Poruchik (First lieutenant)

higher rank: Stabskapitän

Semantics

The rank designation Poruchik might be derived from the Template:Lang-ru with the meaning: a) person tasked by a special mission/ person who looks after; b) to receive an order, by order of s.b.; c) to task s.b., tasked to look after. Normally the Poruchik received military taskers/ orders in written form and was responsible to meet the particular goals and objectives anticipated.

Russian Modern Popular Culture

Today, the term "Poruchik" invokes a strong association with a particular literary and cinematic character -- Poruchik Rzhevsky. Poruchik Rzhevsky is a character from the 1940 Soviet play "Long-Long Ago" and a popular 1962 Soviet movie "Hussar Ballad." As was common with popular Russian films, numerous jokes in the nature of pseudo-historical anecdotes appeared in popular culture, starring Poruchik Rzhevsky or just "the Poruchik" as he was referred to in these jokes. The "poruchik" jokes primarily juxtapose the manners of the high society (to which a Poruchik would have access) with crudeness of a military man, who does not belong with the elite. Poruchik jokes make up a large portion of Soviet and Russian jokes relating to the army and crude romance situations. Many of the Poruchik jokes are vulgar in nature. Since the rank of Poruchik has been out of use in the Russian army for over a century, Poruchik Rzhevsky Jokes are the most common modern association of the otherwise rarely-used term for contemporary Russian speakers. The term "poruchik" has therefore acquired a somewhat comical and vulgar overtone in the modern Russian culture.

"Poruchik Galitsin" (Поручик Голицын -- Russian) is another popular association of the term for modern day Russian speakers. It comes from the Russian song of unclear provenance, which became widely popular in USSR in the 1980s. The subject of the song is desperation and nostalgia of a White Army officer, who must leave homeland in the wake of the 1917 Revolution and the defeat in the Civil War. The song invokes strong nostalgic associations with the term Poruchik.

Rank designation in some countries

In the countries mentioned below spelling of Podporuchik, Poruchik, and Nadporuchik, up to rank classification, is almost similar. A possible sequence of ranks (ascending) might be as follows:

• Podporuchik (junior poruchik/ junior lieutenant)
• Poruchik (lieutenant)
• Nadporuchik (senior poruchik/ senior lieutenant)
• Kapitan OF-2

Table of Poruchik OF1-ranks and rank insignia
Country	Language	rank OF-1b (junior)		rank OF-1a (senior)
		Rank	Designation	Rank	Designation
	Template:Lang-hr		Poručnik		Natporučnik
	Template:Lang-mk		Подпоручник (Podporucznik)		Поручник (Porucznik)
	Template:Lang-pl		Cap insignia Podporucznik (Army) Podporucznik (Air Force)		Cap insignia Porucznik (Army) Porucznik (Air Force)
(until 1917)	Template:Lang-ru		Подпоручик (Podporuchik)		Поручик (Poruchik)
	Template:Lang-sr		Потпоручник (Army) Потпоручник (Air defence) Потпоручник (River flotilla)		Поручник (Army) Поручник (Air defence) Поручник (River flotillia)
	Template:Lang-sk		Poručík		Nadporučík
	Template:Lang-sl		Poročník		Nadporočnik
	Template:Lang-cs		Poručík (additional until 2011 Podporuchik OF1c)		Nadporučík
equivalent			Leutnant Heer (Bundeswehr) Luftwaffe (Bundeswehr)		Oberleutnant Heer (Bundeswehr) Luftwaffe (Bundeswehr)
equivalent			Second lieutenant		First lieutenant

Remark

In the armed forces of Macedonia, Poland and Serbia is the Podporucznik equivalent to the OF1b-renks Leutnant/ Second lieutenant/ Flight officer, and/or Ensign.

See also

• Lieutenant
• History of Russian military ranks
• Ranks and rank insignia of the Imperial Russian Army until 1917
• Polish Armed Forces rank insignia