Precipitated silica
Precipitated silica is a silica (SiO2) produced by precipitation from a solution containing silicate salts. In 1999, more than one million tons were produced, mainly for use in tires and shoe soles.[1]
Production
The production of precipitated silica starts with the reaction of an alkaline silicate solution with a mineral acid. Sulfuric acid and sodium silicate solutions are added simultaneously with agitation to water. Precipitation is carried out under alkaline conditions. The choice of agitation, duration of precipitation, the addition rate of reactants, their temperature and concentration, and pH can vary the properties of the silica. The formation of a gel stage is avoided by stirring at elevated temperatures. The resulting white precipitate is filtered, washed and dried in the manufacturing process.[2]
- Na2(SiO2)7 + H2SO4 + O → 7 SiO2 + Na2SO4 + H2O
- Na2SiO3 + H2SO4 → SiO2 + Na2SO4 + H2O
Properties
The particles are porous. Primary particles with a diameter of 5 - 100 nm, and specific surface area 5-100 m2/g. Agglomerate size is 1 - 40 µm with average pore size is > 30 nm. Density: 1.9 - 2.1 g/cm3.
Applications
- Filler, softener and performance improvement in rubber and plastics
- Cleaning, thickening and polishing agent in toothpastes for oral health care
- Food processing and pharmaceuticals additive as anti-caking, thickening agent, absorbent to make liquids into powders.
- Food rheology modifier
- Defoamer
See related companies
See also
References
- ^ Otto W. Flörke, et al. "Silica" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 2008, Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a23_583.pub3.
- ^ Garrett, P.R. (1992). Defoaming. Theory and Industrial applications. U.S.A.: CRC Press. pp. 238–239. ISBN 0-8247-8770-6.
{{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help)