Pseudoginsenoside F11
Pseudoginsenoside F11 is a chemical natural product found in American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) but not in Asian ginseng (Panax ginseng), although it has similar properties to the Asian ginseng compound ginsenoside Rf.[1] The molecule is a triterpenoid saponin member of the dammarane family and contains a four-ring rigid skeleton.[1] Compounds in the ginsenoside family are found almost exclusively in plants of the Panax genus, which have long histories of use in traditional medicine; a wide variety of difficult-to-characterize biological effects have been reported for the compounds in isolation.[2][3] Pseudoginsenoside F11 and its derivatives are sometimes referred to as having an ocotillol-type skeleton structure.[1][4]
Studies in mice have identified antagonistic effects on the actions of other well-characterized drugs, such as scopolamine (which in mice impairs memory),[5] morphine,[6][7] and methamphetamine.[8]
References
- ^ a b c Qi, LW; Wang, CZ; Yuan, CS (June 2011). "Ginsenosides from American ginseng: chemical and pharmacological diversity". Phytochemistry. 72 (8): 689–99. doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2011.02.012. PMC 3103855. PMID 21396670.
- ^ Attele, AS; Wu, JA; Yuan, CS (1 December 1999). "Ginseng pharmacology: multiple constituents and multiple actions". Biochemical Pharmacology. 58 (11): 1685–93. doi:10.1016/s0006-2952(99)00212-9. PMID 10571242.
- ^ Christensen, LP (2009). "Ginsenosides chemistry, biosynthesis, analysis, and potential health effects". Advances in Food and Nutrition Research. 55: 1–99. doi:10.1016/S1043-4526(08)00401-4. PMID 18772102.
- ^ Fuzzati, N (5 December 2004). "Analysis methods of ginsenosides". Journal of Chromatography B. 812 (1–2): 119–33. doi:10.1016/j.jchromb.2004.07.039. PMID 15556492.
- ^ Li, Z; Guo, YY; Wu, CF; Li, X; Wang, JH (April 1999). "Protective effects of pseudoginsenoside-F11 on scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice and rats". The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology. 51 (4): 435–40. doi:10.1211/0022357991772484. PMID 10385216.
- ^ Li, Z; Wu, CF; Pei, G; Guo, YY; Li, X (July 2000). "Antagonistic effect of pseudoginsenoside-F11 on the behavioral actions of morphine in mice". Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior. 66 (3): 595–601. doi:10.1016/s0091-3057(00)00260-4. PMID 10899376.
- ^ Hao, Y; Yang, JY; Wu, CF; Wu, MF (April 2007). "Pseudoginsenoside-F11 decreases morphine-induced behavioral sensitization and extracellular glutamate levels in the medial prefrontal cortex in mice". Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior. 86 (4): 660–6. doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2007.02.011. PMID 17368734.
- ^ Wu, CF; Liu, YL; Song, M; Liu, W; Wang, JH; Li, X; Yang, JY (August 2003). "Protective effects of pseudoginsenoside-F11 on methamphetamine-induced neurotoxicity in mice". Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior. 76 (1): 103–9. doi:10.1016/s0091-3057(03)00215-6. PMID 13679222.
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