View source for Queens Boulevard

{{Short description|Boulevard in Queens, New York}}
{{about|a section of NY 25 in Queens, New York|the entire route|New York State Route 25|the subway line under Queens Boulevard|IND Queens Boulevard Line}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2017}}
{{attached KML|display=title}}
{{Infobox street
| name                    = Queens Boulevard
| marker_image            =
| native_name             =
| native_name_lang        =
| alternate_name          = New York State Route 25
| image                   = Queens Boulevard west of Yellowstone Boulevard.jpg
| image_size              =
| image_alt               = A view down Queens Boulevard, near its intersection with Yellowstone Boulevard in Forest Hills, Queens.
| caption                 = Queens Boulevard near its intersection with Yellowstone Boulevard in [[Forest Hills, Queens|Forest Hills]]
| image_map               = {{maplink-road}}
| map_type                =
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| other_name              =
| former_names            =
| part_of                 = {{jct|state=NY|NY|25}}
| namesake                =
| type                    =
| owner                   = [[Government of New York City|City of New York]]
| maint                   = [[NYCDOT]]
| length_mi               = 7.5
| length_ref              = <ref name=google>{{google maps |url=https://www.google.com/maps/dir/40.7489194,-73.9374064/40.7025184,-73.8142611/@40.7249369,-73.9108522,13z/am=t/data=!3m1!4b1!4m4!4m3!2m1!1b1!3e0 |access-date=January 14, 2017}}</ref>
| length_notes            =
| width                   = {{convert|80|to|200|ft}}<ref name="NYCityMap"/>
| area                    =
| addresses               =
| location                = [[Queens]], New York City, U.S.
| metro                   =
| coordinates             =
| direction_a             = West
| terminus_a              = {{jct|state=NY|NY|25|NY|25A|name1=[[Queensboro Bridge]]|name2=Jackson Avenue&nbsp;/ [[Northern Boulevard]]}} in [[Long Island City, Queens|Long Island City]]
| direction_b             = East
| terminus_b              = [[Jamaica Avenue]] in Jamaica
| junction                = {{jct|state=NY|I|278}} in [[Woodside, Queens|Woodside]]<br>{{jct|state=NY|I|495|road|[[Woodhaven and Cross Bay Boulevards|Woodhaven Boulevard]]}} in [[Elmhurst, Queens|Elmhurst]]<br>{{jct|state=NY|I|678|Parkway|Grand Central|Parkway|Jackie Robinson|road|[[Union Turnpike (New York)|Union Turnpike]]}} at [[Kew Gardens Interchange]]<br>{{jct|state=NY|I|678|road|[[Main Street (Queens)|Main Street]]}} in [[Briarwood, Queens|Briarwood]]<br>{{jct|state=NY|NY|25|name1=[[Hillside Avenue]]}} in [[Jamaica, Queens|Jamaica]]
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'''Queens Boulevard''' is a major thoroughfare connecting [[Midtown Manhattan]], via the [[Queensboro Bridge]], to [[Jamaica, Queens|Jamaica]] in [[Queens]], New York City, United States. It is {{convert|7.5|mi|km}} long and forms part of [[New York State Route 25]].

Queens Boulevard runs northwest to southeast from [[Queens Plaza, Queens|Queens Plaza]] at the Queensboro Bridge entrance in [[Long Island City, Queens|Long Island City]]. It runs through the neighborhoods of [[Sunnyside, Queens|Sunnyside]], [[Woodside, Queens|Woodside]], [[Elmhurst, Queens|Elmhurst]], [[Rego Park, Queens|Rego Park]], [[Forest Hills, Queens|Forest Hills]], [[Kew Gardens, Queens|Kew Gardens]], and [[Briarwood, Queens|Briarwood]] before terminating at [[Jamaica Avenue]] in Jamaica. The boulevard is {{Convert|200|ft||abbr=}} wide for much of its length, with shorter sections between {{Convert|80|and|150|ft|abbr=}} wide. Its immense width, heavy automobile traffic, and thriving commercial scene has historically made it one of the most dangerous thoroughfares in New York City, with pedestrian crossings up to {{Convert|300|ft||abbr=}} long at some places.

The route of today's Queens Boulevard originally consisted of Hoffman Boulevard and Thompson Avenue, which was created by linking and expanding these already-existing streets, stubs of which still exist. In 1913, a [[Queens Boulevard Line (surface)|trolley line]] was constructed from 59th Street in Manhattan east along the new boulevard. During the 1920s and 1930s the boulevard was widened in conjunction with the digging of the [[IND Queens Boulevard Line]] subway tunnels. In 1941, the New York City Planning Department proposed converting Queens Boulevard into a [[freeway]], which ultimately never occurred.

==Route description==
[[File:Jamaica Av Queens Blvd jeh.jpg|left|thumb|Queens Boulevard starts off as a small 2-lane street at [[Jamaica Avenue]], but becomes a 6 lane median-divided street at [[New York State Route 25B|Hillside Avenue]] one block north.]]
Queens Boulevard runs northwest to southeast across a little short of half the length of the borough, starting at [[Queens Plaza, Queens|Queens Plaza]] at the [[Queensboro Bridge]] entrance in [[Long Island City, Queens|Long Island City]] and running through the neighborhoods of [[Sunnyside, Queens|Sunnyside]], [[Woodside, Queens|Woodside]], [[Elmhurst, Queens|Elmhurst]], [[Rego Park, Queens|Rego Park]], [[Forest Hills, Queens|Forest Hills]], [[Kew Gardens, Queens|Kew Gardens]], and [[Briarwood, Queens|Briarwood]] before terminating at [[Jamaica Avenue]] in [[Jamaica, Queens|Jamaica]]. At {{convert|7.5|mi|km}}, it is one of the longest roads in Queens, and it runs through some of Queens' busiest areas.<ref name=google/> Queens Boulevard is the starting point of a number of other major streets in Queens, such as [[New York State Route 25A|Northern Boulevard]], [[Woodhaven Boulevard]], [[Junction Boulevard]], [[Roosevelt Avenue]], and [[Main Street (Queens)|Main Street]].<ref name="NYCityMap"/>

Queens Boulevard has a width of {{convert|100|ft}} from Queens Plaza to Van Dam Street, {{convert|200|ft}} from Van Dam Street to [[Union Turnpike (New York)|Union Turnpike]], {{convert|150|ft}} from Union Turnpike to [[Hillside Avenue]], and {{convert|80|ft}} from Hillside Avenue to Jamaica Avenue.<ref name="NYCityMap">{{Cite web |title=NYCityMap |url=https://zola.planning.nyc.gov/#18.02/40.704155/-73.814821 |access-date=March 20, 2020 |website=NYC.gov |publisher=[[New York City Department of Information Technology and Telecommunications]]}}</ref> Much of the road has 12 lanes, and at its intersection with Yellowstone Boulevard in Forest Hills, it reaches a high point of 16 lanes.<ref name="NYCityMap"/>

Along much of its length (between Roosevelt Avenue and Union Turnpike), the road includes six express lanes (three in each direction) and a three-lane-wide service road on each side. Drivers must first exit to the service road to make right turns or pull over. Left turns must be made from the express lanes, but only at select cross-streets.<ref name="NYCityMap"/> The express lanes use a {{convert|60|ft|m|-wide|adj=mid}} underpass (separated by a median) to bypass Woodhaven Boulevard and Horace Harding Expressway; the service roads provide access to both streets.<ref name=p1114616120>{{cite news |id={{ProQuest|1114616120}} |title=Queens Boulevard Underpass Proves Big Relief to Traffic: Sixty-foot Central Roadway at Woodhaven and Horace Harding Thoroughfares, Built at a Cost of $630,000, Reduces Congestion Another Important Link in Queens Travel Routes |date=15 Jan 1933 |page=B8 |work=New York Herald Tribune |issn=1941-0646}}</ref>

Due to the high number of crashes, Queens Boulevard is known as the Boulevard of Death.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://popanth.com/article/the-boulevard-of-death-ghost-bikes-and-spontaneous-shrines-in-new-york-city/ |title=The boulevard of death: Ghost bikes and spontaneous shrines in New York City |publisher=PopAnth.com |date=October 29, 2012 |author=Paul Mullins |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131227071744/http://popanth.com/article/the-boulevard-of-death-ghost-bikes-and-spontaneous-shrines-in-new-york-city/ |archive-date=December 27, 2013}}</ref> More crashes happen along Queens Boulevard than any other roadway statewide.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nyc.gov/html/dot/downloads/pdf/nyc_ped_safety_study_action_plan.pdf |title=The New York City Pedestrian Safety Study & Action Plan |publisher=New York City Department of Transportation |date=August 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.popcenter.org/problems/pedestrian_injuries/ |title=Addressing an Elderly Pedestrian Crash Problem in New York City |date=January 2007 |publisher=Center for problem-Oriented Policing}}</ref>

==History==
=== Early history ===
The route of today's Queens Boulevard originally consisted of Hoffman Boulevard and Thompson Avenue,<ref>{{cite web | url=http://digitalgallery.nypl.org/nypldigital/dgkeysearchdetail.cfm?trg=1&strucID=852017&imageID=1527280&total=541&num=20&word=Long%20Island%20%28N%2EY%2E%29&s=3&notword=&d=&c=&f=2&k=0&lWord=&lField=&sScope=&sLevel=&sLabel=&imgs=20&pos=39&e=w | title=Town of Newtown, Queens County. Long Island – Woodside | year=1873 | access-date=April 19, 2011 | quote=shows Thompson Ave. on south border of map}}</ref> which was created by linking and expanding these already-existing streets, stubs of which still exist. A remnant of the old Hoffman Boulevard can be found in Forest Hills where the local lanes of traffic diverge into two routes, one straight and one that bends around MacDonald Park. The part that bends around the park was the original route of Hoffman Boulevard. The street was built in the early 20th century to connect the new [[Queensboro Bridge]] to central Queens, thereby offering an easy outlet from Manhattan.

In 1913, a [[Queens Boulevard Line (surface)|trolley line]] was constructed from 59th Street in Manhattan east along the new boulevard.

=== 1930s–1950s: widening and subway construction ===
During the 1920s and 1930s the boulevard was widened in conjunction with the digging of the [[IND Queens Boulevard Line]] subway tunnels. The new subway line used cut-and-cover construction and trenches had to be dug up in the center of the thoroughfare, and to allow pedestrians to pass over the construction, temporary bridges were built. The improvement was between Van Dam Street and [[Hillside Avenue]], and it cost $2.23 million. The street was widened to {{convert|200|ft}} between Van Dam Street and [[Union Turnpike (New York)|Union Turnpike]], and from there to Hillside Avenue it was widened to {{convert|150|ft}}. As part of the project, there was to have been separated rights-of-way for the trolley line.<ref name="QueensBoulevardWidening">See [[Flickr]] album:
* {{Cite web|url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/127872292@N06/15992778145/|title=Office of the President, Borough of Queens, Topographical Bureau Map Showing Roadway Treatment of Queens Boulevard From Van Dam St. To Hillside Ave. In Connection With The Proposed Improvement New York, January 31, 1922|website=Flickr|date=December 10, 2014 |access-date=August 4, 2016}}
* {{Cite web|url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/127872292@N06/15967015766/|title=Office of the President, Borough of Queens, Topographical Bureau Map Showing Roadway Treatment of Queens Boulevard From Van Dam St. To Hillside Ave. In Connection With The Proposed Improvement New York, January 31, 1922|website=Flickr|date=December 10, 2014 |access-date=August 4, 2016}}
* {{Cite web|url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/127872292@N06/15992778415/|title=Office of the President, Borough of Queens, Topographical Bureau Map Showing Roadway Treatment of Queens Boulevard From Van Dam St. To Hillside Ave. In Connection With The Proposed Improvement New York, January 31, 1922|website=Flickr|date=December 10, 2014 |access-date=August 4, 2016}}
* {{Cite web|url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/127872292@N06/15805397998/|title=Office of the President, Borough of Queens, Topographical Bureau Map Showing Roadway Treatment of Queens Boulevard From Van Dam St. To Hillside Ave. In Connection With The Proposed Improvement New York, January 31, 1922|website=Flickr|date=December 10, 2014 |access-date=August 4, 2016}}
* {{Cite web|url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/127872292@N06/15992778715/|title=Office of the President, Borough of Queens, Topographical Bureau Map Showing Roadway Treatment of Queens Boulevard From Van Dam St. To Hillside Ave. In Connection With The Proposed Improvement New York, January 31, 1922|website=Flickr|date=December 10, 2014 |access-date=August 4, 2016}}
* {{Cite web|url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/127872292@N06/15990799021/|title=Office of the President, Borough of Queens, Topographical Bureau Map Showing Roadway Treatment of Queens Boulevard From Van Dam St. To Hillside Ave. In Connection With The Proposed Improvement New York, January 31, 1922|website=Flickr|date=December 10, 2014 |access-date=August 4, 2016}}
* {{Cite web|url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/127872292@N06/15805398498/|title=Office of the President, Borough of Queens, Topographical Bureau Map Showing Roadway Treatment of Queens Boulevard From Van Dam St. To Hillside Ave. In Connection With The Proposed Improvement New York, January 31, 1922|website=Flickr|date=December 10, 2014 |access-date=August 4, 2016}}
* {{Cite web|url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/127872292@N06/15806778849/|title=Office of the President, Borough of Queens, Topographical Bureau Map Showing Roadway Treatment of Queens Boulevard From Van Dam St. To Hillside Ave. In Connection With The Proposed Improvement New York, January 31, 1922|website=Flickr|date=December 10, 2014 |access-date=August 4, 2016}}
* {{Cite web|url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/127872292@N06/15990799851/|title=Office of the President, Borough of Queens, Topographical Bureau Map Showing Roadway Treatment of Queens Boulevard From Van Dam St. To Hillside Ave. In Connection With The Proposed Improvement New York, January 31, 1922|website=Flickr|date=December 10, 2014 |access-date=August 4, 2016}}
* {{Cite web|url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/127872292@N06/15370533604/|title=Office of the President, Borough of Queens, Topographical Bureau Map Showing Roadway Treatment of Queens Boulevard From Van Dam St. To Hillside Ave. In Connection With The Proposed Improvement New York, January 31, 1922|website=Flickr|date=December 10, 2014 |access-date=August 4, 2016}}</ref><ref name="www.nycroads.com">{{Cite web|url=http://www.nycroads.com/roads/queens-blvd/|title=Queens Boulevard Express Highway (NY 25, unbuilt)|website=www.nycroads.com|access-date=August 4, 2016}}</ref>

On May 2, 1936, Queens Borough President [[George U. Harvey]] cut the ribbon for the opening of the center roadway of the Boulevard at Seminole Avenue in Forest Hills. This widened section allowed drivers to access the Grand Central Parkway. This work was partially funded with aid from the [[Works Progress Administration]]. $1,555,000 was initially allotted to this project.<ref>{{Cite news|date=1936-05-03|title=HARVEY OPENS LANE IN QUEENS BOULEVARD; Cuts Ribbon at Forest Hills, Clearing Way for Traffic to Grand Central Parkway.|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1936/05/03/archives/harvey-opens-lane-in-queens-boulevard-cuts-ribbon-at-forest-hills.html|access-date=2021-12-27|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> On April 17, 1937, trolley service along Queens Boulevard ended, being replaced by bus service.<ref name="Meyers 2006">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ju1nr5vDQqMC|title=Lost Trolleys of Queens and Long Island|last=Meyers|first=Stephen L.|date=January 1, 2006|publisher=Arcadia Publishing|isbn=9780738545264|language=en}}</ref>

In the late 1930s, NY&nbsp;25 was aligned to follow Queens Boulevard (NY&nbsp;24) from Skillman Avenue to Horace Harding Boulevard, where NY&nbsp;25 turned eastward to follow Horace Harding Boulevard back to its original alignment at Corona Avenue.<ref>{{cite map |title=New York Road Map for 1938 |publisher=Esso |year=1938 |cartography=General Drafting}}</ref><ref name="1940map">{{cite map |title=New York |publisher=Esso |year=1940 |cartography=General Drafting}}</ref>

In 1941, the New York City Planning Department proposed converting Queens Boulevard into a [[freeway]], as was done with the [[Interstate 678|Van Wyck Expressway]], from the Queensboro Bridge to Hillside Avenue. The boulevard would be converted to an expressway with grade separation at the more important intersections, and by closing off access from minor streets. As part of the project, the express lanes of Queens Boulevard were depressed in the area of Woodhaven Boulevard and Horace Harding Boulevard (later turned into the Long Island Expressway), while the local lanes were kept at grade level. The plan to upgrade the boulevard was delayed with the onset of [[World War II]], and was never completed.<ref name="www.nycroads.com" />

in the early 1940s, New York State Route 25 was altered to follow Queens Boulevard entirely.

On November 18, 1949, the Traffic Commission approved the retiming of traffic signals along the entire Boulevard to speed traffic, which would take effect about February 1, 1950. The change, known as the "triple-offset system" was expected to reduce peak congestion, like what was done on the Grand Concourse. Westbound traffic would be favored from 7 to 9 a.m., while eastbound traffic would be favored from 5 to 7 p.m.. The Boulevard handled 73,000 cars on an average weekday, with a peak of 7,600 cars an hour towards Manhattan, and a peak of 6,700 to points east.<ref>{{Cite news|date=1949-11-19|title=CITY TO SPEED TRAFFIC; Queens Boulevard Lights to Be Retimed in Rush Hours|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1949/11/19/archives/city-to-speed-traffic-queens-boulevard-lights-to-be-retimed-in-rush.html|access-date=2021-12-27|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

===1960s–1970s===
[[File:ON QUEENS BOULEVARD IN QUEENS, HEADED TOWARD THE EAST RIVER AND MANHATTAN - NARA - 549886.jpg|thumb|At 59th Street, looking toward the [[East River]] and [[Manhattan]], 1973]]
In 1960, Queens [[borough president]] [[John T. Clancy]] proposed reconstructing the entire seven-mile boulevard to meet traffic demand from the [[1964 New York World's Fair]] for $17.1 million. Due to bureaucratic issues and the need to finance the project using city funds, the project was delayed and cut back to a 2.5 mile section for $2.6 million. Underpasses at Union Turnpike and at Grand Avenue—Broadway were dropped from the plan. On September 3, 1964, the Department of Highways announced that the project was far behind the project's original schedule. Only $2.6 million for the central section of the project was approved as rebuilding more than a mile of the road a time was deemed to be too disruptive for travel. At the time, the rebuilding of the first 1-mile section from 70th Avenue to Union Turnpike was completed.<ref name="The New York Times">{{Cite news|date=1964-09-04|title=Money Woes Slow Queens Blvd. Job; Far Behind Original Target, Central Section Rebuilding Now Proceeds Smoothly|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1964/09/04/archives/money-woes-slow-queens-blvd-job-far-behind-original-target-central.html|access-date=2021-12-27|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> The six service road lanes were resurfaced, yellow asphalt surfacing was installed to guide drivers turning at intersections, and malls were narrowed to widen the roadway and provide space for cars turning off the six-lane main roadway. Work on the 63rd Drive to 70th Avenue section was 70 percent complete, and the Department of Highways expected to request the release of $400,000 for the section to Woodhaven Boulevard within two weeks. Work on that section was expected to start in 1965. Queens Boulevard handled more than 85,000 vehicles a day, making it the second busiest roadway in the city, after the Long Island Expressway, which handled 125,000 vehicles a day.<ref name="The New York Times"/>

In 1969, many traffic lights on Queens and Northern Boulevards were computerized, reducing travel time by as much as 25 percent during off-peak hours, and as much as 39 percent during rush hour.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Fosburgh|first=Lacey|date=1970-07-27|title=City to Install Computer-Run Traffic Lights Uptown|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1970/07/27/archives/city-to-install-computerrun-traffic-lights-uptown.html|access-date=2021-12-27|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

===1980s to 2000s===
[[File:QueensBlvd-GrandAve PedWarning Sign-Elmhurst.jpg|right|thumb|"A Pedestrian Was Killed Crossing Here" sign on Queens Boulevard at [[Grand Avenue (Queens)|Grand Avenue]] in [[Elmhurst, Queens|Elmhurst]]]]

In 1985, the [[New York City Department of Transportation]] (NYCDOT) started a project to examine the causes of fatalities and injuries on the boulevard.<ref name="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1989" /> The changing of traffic signals to increase crossing times across the boulevard helped reduce the average pedestrian deaths in a section in Forest Hills and Rego Park from 4 each year from 1980 and 1984 to 1 in 1986. In four of the five years between 1988 and 1992, as many people were killed in car accidents on the boulevard as on any other street in the city.<ref name="Boorstin 1987" /> Between 1991 and 1992, new speed limit signs were installed on the boulevard, police enforcement of traffic light and speeding violations was increased, and the timing for street lights was adjusted.<ref name="nyt1993" />

In 1992, in a test lasting a month, one camera on the boulevard recorded over 1,000 red-light and speeding violations. In 1993, the NYCDOT planned on installing 15 video cameras across the city that spring, with at least one installed on Queens Boulevard, to monitor and report drivers who run red lights or speed. Summonses would be sent to the owner of the car observed making the traffic infractions. The DOT also planned on installing barriers in the center median separating eastbound and westbound traffic in a section of Forest Hills to discourage people from crossing the street outside of intersections. The DOT had studied installing pedestrian bridges over Queens Boulevard, in addition to Eastern Parkway and Grand Concourse, but had found that it would have been too expensive to do so.<ref name="nyt1993" />

In January 1997, the city commissioned a study of the {{Convert|2.5|mi|km}} of roadway between the Long Island Expressway and Union Turnpike. The study was completed by 1999, and most work was finished by July 2001.<ref name="nyc.gov 2007">{{Cite web|url=http://www.nyc.gov/html/dot/downloads/pdf/safetyrpt07_4.pdf|title=SAFE STREETS NYC: Queens|date=2007|website=[[Government of New York City|nyc.gov]]|publisher=[[New York City Department of Transportation]]|pages=136–158|access-date=2017-03-12}}</ref>{{Rp|138–143}} As part of the improvement process, the city installed new curb- and median-extensions along the corridor; repainted crosswalks so they were more visible; added fences in the medians; closed several "slips" that allowed vehicles to make high-speed turns; posted large signs proclaiming that "A Pedestrian Was Killed Crossing Here" at intersections where fatal accidents have occurred; and reduced the speed limit  from {{Convert|35|to|30|mph}}; a few segments had 35&nbsp;mph speed limits. Pedestrian signals were adjusted so that they were given 60 seconds to cross the boulevard, compared to 32–50 seconds before the improvements.<ref name="nyc.gov 2007" />{{Rp|139–146}}<ref name="The New York Times 2017" />

The street gained notoriety in 2001 as "the Boulevard of Death" due to multiple pedestrian fatalities. Due to an aggressive public safety campaign by the NYCDOT and engineering changes, deaths fell from 17 in 1993 and 18 in 1997 to 4 in 2001; nonfatal accidents were reduced from 2,937 in 1993 to 1,627 in 2001. New fences in the median led most pedestrians to use crosswalks. The number of camera on poles to catch drivers running red lights increase from four to two, and the NYCDOT planned to mount dozens of fake cameras to keep drivers guessing in 2002. The NYCDOT had resisted making the speed for the boulevard a uniform 30&nbsp;mph for some time, arguing that it would reduce traffic flow. The NYPD said that a uniform limit would allow them to issue more speeding tickets.<ref name="O'Grady 2002"/>

In January 2001, in response to the street safety crisis on the Boulevard, the NYPD began a crackdown on jaywalking, and issued over 6,000 jaywalking summonses on the street, as of June 2001.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Kilgannon|first=Corey|date=2001-06-10|title=Kew Gardens Journal; Crossing at Peril of Life and Limb (and a $10 Fine)|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/06/10/nyregion/kew-gardens-journal-crossing-at-peril-of-life-and-limb-and-a-10-fine.html|access-date=2021-12-27|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> In May 2001, the NYCDOT proposed eliminating a traffic lane in each direction between Kneeland Avenue and Union Turnpike to be used for metered parking to make the street safer. The arrangement was initially going to be piloted for eight months.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2001-05-20|title=NEIGHBORHOOD REPORT: QUEENS UP CLOSE; Boulevard Safety Plan: Fewer Lanes, Slower Speeds (Published 2001)|work=The New York Times |language=en|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/05/20/nyregion/neighborhood-report-queens-up-close-boulevard-safety-plan-fewer-lanes-slower.html|access-date=2021-12-27 |last1=O'Grady |first1=Jim }}</ref> Between 1993 and 2000, there were 72 pedestrian boulevards on the boulevard, with 24 in 1993 and 22 in 1997.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Kilgannon|first1=Corey|last2=Vasquez|first2=Emily|date=2006-10-04|title=In Pedestrian's Killing, Queens Couple Sees Another 'Senseless' Statistic|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/04/nyregion/in-pedestrians-killing-queens-couple-sees-another-senseless.html|access-date=2021-12-27|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

A second phase covering the rest of the boulevard was studied from November 2001 to July 2004, and improvements were finished by late 2006.<ref name="nyc.gov 2007" />{{Rp|139–146}} These improvements decreased pedestrian accidents on the boulevard by 68%, most notably at large and dangerous intersections.<ref name="nyc.gov 2007" />{{Rp|154}} In 2004, one pedestrian was killed crossing Queens Boulevard.<ref name="dn2005">{{cite news | title=VIOLENT CITY DEATHS HIT HISTORIC LOWS Everything from murders to auto fatalities falls sharply | url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/2005/01/02/2005-01-02_violent_city_deaths_hit_historic_lows_ev.html | publisher=NY Daily News | date=January 2, 2005 | access-date=April 10, 2009}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|newspaper=New York Press|date= March 9, 2004|title=Auto Asphyxiation: Car is King at the DOT.|url=http://nypress.com/auto-asphyxiation}}</ref> On April 5, 2004, city officials announced new measures to improve safety on the boulevard. These included additional fences to deter jaywalking, modifications to improve traffic flow and safety, longer crossing times for pedestrians, and the elimination of U-turns and left turns in some locations.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Worth|first1=Robert F.|last2=Steinhauer|first2=Jennifer|date=2004-04-06|title=New Traffic Rules for a Dangerous Street|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/04/06/nyregion/new-traffic-rules-for-a-dangerous-street.html|access-date=2021-12-27|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

=== 2010s to present: capital improvement ===
On August 18, 2010, the [[New York State Department of Transportation]] broke ground on the first phase of a reconstruction of the [[Kew Gardens Interchange]], involved in the project was the renovation of a nearby viaduct carrying Queens Boulevard over the Van Wyck Expressway and the nearby [[Briarwood (IND Queens Boulevard Line)|Briarwood]] subway station ({{NYCS trains|Queens east local}}).<ref>{{cite press release|publisher=New York State Department of Transportation |date=August 18, 2010 |title=NYSDOT Breaks Ground on Kew Gardens Interchange Project |url=https://www.dot.ny.gov/portal/page/portal/news/press-releases/2010/2010-08-181 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121214021031/https://www.dot.ny.gov/portal/page/portal/news/press-releases/2010/2010-08-181 |url-status=dead |archive-date=December 14, 2012 |accessdate=October 7, 2011 }}</ref> In 2011, safety enhancements, including pedestrian countdown signals, were added. That year was the first year that no one was killed crossing the street since 1983, the year when detailed fatality records were first kept.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nyc.gov/html/dot/html/pr2012/pr12_04.shtml|title=NYC DOT Installs Countdown Signals on Queens Boulevard|date=2012-01-24|website=nyc.gov}}</ref>

In 2014, the speed limit on Queens Boulevard was reduced further, from 30&nbsp;mph to {{Cvt|25|mph|kph}}. The speed limit decrease was part of de Blasio's [[Vision Zero (New York City)|Vision Zero]] program, which aimed to decrease pedestrian deaths citywide. From 2014 to 2016, average speeds of eastbound cars on Queens Boulevard declined from {{Convert|28.7|to|25.6|mph|kph}}, and the speeds of westbound cars declined from {{Convert|31.5|to|27.3|mph|kph}}.<ref name="The New York Times 2017" />

In 2015, a new initiative was announced to further improve Queens Boulevard at a cost of $100 million.<ref>[http://www.nyc.gov/html/dot/downloads/pdf/2015-03-queens-blvd-safety-improvements.pdf Queens Boulevard Safety Improvements], nyc.gov (March 2015)</ref> The section between Roosevelt Avenue and 73rd Street received safety improvements, including [[pedestrian zone]]s and [[bike lane]]s, as part of improvement's Phase 1, which began in August 2015 and was finished by the end of the year.<ref name="nbc2015" /><ref name="Fermino, Jennifer 2015">{{cite web | url=http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/queens-blvd-100-million-safety-renovation-article-1.2168375 | title=Queens 'Boulevard of Death' to get $100 million renovation to improve safety | work=NY Daily News | date=April 1, 2015 | access-date=April 1, 2015 | author=Fermino, Jennifer}}</ref> Phase 2 between 74th Street and Eliot Avenue began in summer 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.timesledger.com/stories/2016/32/queensblvd_2016_08_05_q.html|title=DOT begins Phase 2 of the Queens Blvd. project in Elmhurst|last=Parry|first=Bill|date=August 4, 2016|publisher=Times Ledger|access-date=August 4, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.timesnewsweekly.com/news/2016-07-28/Local_News/More_street_safety_repairs_for_Queens_Boulevard.html|title=More street safety repairs for Queens Boulevard|last=Giudice|first=Anthony|date=July 28, 2016|website=www.timesnewsweekly.com|publisher=Times Newsweekly|access-date=August 4, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160802183005/http://www.timesnewsweekly.com/news/2016-07-28/Local_News/More_street_safety_repairs_for_Queens_Boulevard.html|archive-date=August 2, 2016|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Phase 3 was split into two projects: between Eliot Avenue and Yellowstone Boulevard, and between Yellowstone Boulevard and Union Turnpike. The segment of the Phase 3 overhaul between Eliot and Yellowstone started in May 2017,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dnainfo.com/new-york/20170511/forest-hills/queens-boulevard-redesign-department-of-transportation-bike-lanes-parking-spaces|title=Board Endorses Queens Boulevard Redesign Despite Loss of 198 Parking Spaces|last=Kern-Jedrychowska|first=Ewa|date=2017-05-11|website=DNAinfo New York|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171213011411/https://www.dnainfo.com/new-york/20170511/forest-hills/queens-boulevard-redesign-department-of-transportation-bike-lanes-parking-spaces|archive-date=December 13, 2017|url-status=dead|access-date=2017-12-12|df=mdy-all}}</ref> while the segment between Yellowstone and Union Turnpike would start in July 2018.<ref name="Barca 2018">{{cite web|url=http://www.qchron.com/editions/queenswide/dot-unveils-new-qns-blvd-phase-to-cb/article_a4f5ec74-adf1-519c-8231-d964932e6ddd.html|title=DOT unveils new Qns. Blvd. phase to CB 6|last=Barca|first=Christopher|date=2018-06-02|website=Queens Chronicle|access-date=2018-06-02}}</ref>

The project gained opposition from some of the community boards surrounding Queens Boulevard because parking spots were removed to make way for the bike lanes.<ref name="Barca 2018" /> Starting in 2019,<ref name="The New York Times 2017" /> the whole boulevard was to have been totally overhauled in a manner similar to the Grand Concourse's capital reconstruction.<ref name="nbc2015" /><ref name="Fermino, Jennifer 2015" />  Partially as a result of these safety improvements, there were no pedestrian deaths on Queens Boulevard between 2014 and 2017.<ref name="The New York Times 2017" /> The first segment to be overhauled, between Roosevelt Avenue and 73rd Street, received federal funding from the [[Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act]] in 2023; it is expected to be renovated for $23.75 million between late 2024 and 2027.<ref name="Sunnyside Post 2023 r972">{{cite web |last=Medina |first=Anthony |date=December 22, 2023 |title=Queens Boulevard in Woodside to undergo $23.75 million revamp |url=https://sunnysidepost.com/queens-boulevard-in-woodside-to-undergo-23-75-million-revamp |access-date=December 24, 2023 |website=Sunnyside Post}}</ref>

{{wide image|Queens Blvd cross section.png|1000px|Typical cross-section of Queens Boulevard after the addition of safety improvements, but before capital renovation}}

==Issues==
===Pedestrian safety===
<!--{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"-->
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin-right: 12pt; margin-bottom: 16pt; float: right; clear:left; text-align:center;"
|+ Pedestrian Crashes on Queens Boulevard
! Year!!Killed
|-
| 1990 || 18<ref name="nyt1993">{{cite news|last1=Faison|first1=Seth|title=Pedestrians at Risk On Queens Boulevard|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/01/03/nyregion/pedestrians-at-risk-on-queens-boulevard.html|access-date=December 28, 2015|work=The New York Times|date=January 3, 1993|ref=nyt1993}}</ref>
|-
|-
| 1991 || 13<ref name="nyt1993" />
|-
|-
| 1992 || 5<ref name="nyt1993" />
|-
|-
|1993
|17<ref name="O'Grady 2002">{{Cite news|last=O'Grady|first=Jim|date=2002-02-24|title=NEIGHBORHOOD REPORT: UPDATE; Despite 'Maniacs,' A Better Report Card For a Troubled Road|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/02/24/nyregion/neighborhood-report-update-despite-maniacs-better-report-card-for-troubled-road.html|access-date=2021-12-27|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
|-
|1997
|18<ref name="O'Grady 2002" />
|-
| 2001 || 4
|-
| 2002 || 2<ref>{{Cite news|last=Santora|first=Marc|date=2003-02-03|title=Metro Briefing {{!}} New York: Queens: Man Killed By Cab|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/02/03/nyregion/metro-briefing-new-york-queens-man-killed-by-cab.html|access-date=2021-12-27|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
|-
| 2003 || 5
|-
| 2004 || 1
|-
| 2005 || 2
|-
| 2006 || 2
|-
| 2007 || 1
|}

The combination of Queens Boulevard's immense width, heavy automobile traffic, and thriving commercial scene made it the most dangerous thoroughfare in New York City by the 1990s, and has earned it citywide notoriety and morbid nicknames such as "The Boulevard of Death"<ref name="wabc2009">{{cite news | url=https://abc7ny.com/archive/6752538/ | publisher=WABC Television | date=April 9, 2009 | title=Boulevard of death' claims another life | access-date=April 10, 2009 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100306184922/http://abclocal.go.com/wabc/story?section=news%2Flocal&id=6752538 | archive-date=March 6, 2010 | url-status=live }}</ref> and "The Boulevard of Broken Bones".<ref name="nbc2015">{{cite web | url=http://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/NYC-DOT-Queens-Blvd-Plan-Safety-Pedestrians-Deaths-298182981.html | title=Upcoming Redesign Will Make "Boulevard of Death" Safer, DOT Says | work=NBC New York | date=March 31, 2015 | access-date=October 9, 2015}}</ref> During the period 1950–2000, over 27,000 people were injured on Queens Boulevard. From 2002–04 there were 393 injuries and eight deaths. Queens Boulevard became known as the ''Boulevard of Death''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gothamist.com/2007/12/20/boulevard_of_de.php|title=Boulevard of Death Claims Another Life|accessdate=1 December 2016|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160114104602/http://gothamist.com/2007/12/20/boulevard_of_de.php|archivedate=14 January 2016}}</ref> ''[[New York Newsday]]'' and the ''[[New York Daily News]]'' got into a circulation war on the issue of the ''Boulevard of Death'', and the DOT was under pressure to take action. Weinshall implemented pedestrian improvements on Queens Boulevard, including longer pedestrian crossing times, a lowering of the speed limit from 35&nbsp;mph to 30&nbsp;mph and the construction of new pedestrian median refuges. The safety improvements have proven successful, without the predicted backups.

Between 1980 and 1984, at least 22 people died and 18 were injured in a {{convert|2.5|mi|km|adj=on}} stretch of Queens Boulevard in Rego Park and Forest Hills.<ref name="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1989">{{cite web | title=Current Trends Queens Boulevard Pedestrian Safety Project – New York City | website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention | date=February 10, 1989 | url=https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001343.htm | access-date=October 9, 2015}}</ref><ref name="Boorstin 1987">{{Cite news|last=Boorstin|first=Robert O.|date=1987-03-06|title=Pedestrian Traffic Deaths Show Sharp Decline in New York City|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/03/06/nyregion/pedestrian-traffic-deaths-show-sharp-decline-in-new-york-city.html|access-date=2021-12-27|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> From 1993 to 2000, 72 pedestrians were killed trying to cross the street, or an average of 10 per year.<ref>{{cite news | title=A pedestrian is killed in Queens every 6 weeks on the BOULEVARD OF DEATH | newspaper=NY Daily News | date=January 11, 2001 }}</ref> Eighteen pedestrians were killed while crossing the boulevard just in 1997. Between 1990 and 2017, it was estimated that 186 people, including 138 pedestrians, died in collisions along Queens Boulevard.<ref name="The New York Times 2017">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/03/nyregion/queens-boulevard-of-death.html|title=No Longer New York City's 'Boulevard of Death'|date=2017-12-03|work=The New York Times|access-date=2018-06-02|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> The street's design with straight wide lanes has encouraged drivers to drive as if they were on a highway, leading drivers to travel well above the speed limit. In addition, many people cross the Boulevard in areas without crosswalks since there are long stretches between intersections.<ref name="nyt1993" />

Some of the most dangerous crossings of Queens Boulevard are near [[Roosevelt Avenue]], 51st Avenue, [[Grand Avenue (Queens)|Grand Avenue]], [[Woodhaven Boulevard]], Yellowstone Boulevard, 71st Avenue, and [[Union Turnpike (New York)|Union Turnpike]]; all of these streets either have high vehicular traffic or cross the boulevard diagonally.<ref name="nyc.gov 2007" /> Pedestrian crossings of Queens Boulevard can be up to {{Convert|300|ft|m}} long, or one-and-a-half times the length of a city block in Manhattan.<ref name="The New York Times 2017" /> As such, the Boulevard is hard to cross in one traffic light.<ref name="nyt1993" />

== Transportation ==
Queens Boulevard hosts one of the highest numbers of [[New York City Subway]] services in the city. It is served by the following subway lines:
* The {{NYCS Queens}} ([[IND Queens Boulevard Line]]) serve the boulevard between [[Briarwood station|Briarwood]] and [[Grand Avenue-Newtown station|Grand Avenue-Newtown]], with [[Queens Plaza station|one extra station]] at the western end. 
* The {{NYCS Queensboro}} ([[IRT Flushing Line]]) serve the boulevard between [[46th Street-Bliss Street station|46th]] and [[33rd Street-Rawson Street station|33rd Streets]]. 

Both use stretches of the right of way; only [[Broadway (Manhattan)|Broadway]] (nine services), [[Sixth Avenue (Manhattan)|Sixth Avenue]] (seven) in [[Manhattan]] and [[Fulton Street (Brooklyn)|Fulton Street]] (eight) in [[Brooklyn]] carry more at any one time.

It is also served by the following bus routes: 
* The [[Q60 (New York City bus)|Q60]] bus travels the entire length of Queens Boulevard. 
* The [[Q32 (New York City bus)|Q32]] serves the corridor west of Roosevelt Avenue. 
* The [[Q59 (New York City bus)|Q59]] runs between Grand Avenue and either Horace Harding Expressway (Rego Park) or 62nd Drive (Williamsburg).
* The [[Q20 and Q44 buses|Q20A, Q20B, and Q44 SBS]] run between Main Street and Hillside Avenue.
* The {{NYC bus link|Q46}} runs between Union Turnpike and 78th Avenue, with Kew Gardens buses going out of service at 78th Crescent.
* The Electchester-bound {{NYC bus link|Q64}} runs from 108th Street to Jewel Avenue, with service originating at 70th Road.
* The [[Select Bus Service#Q53|Q53 SBS]] runs between Broadway and either Hoffman Drive (Rockaway Park), or Woodhaven Boulevard (Woodside).
* The Corona-bound {{NYC bus link|Q38}} runs from 62nd Drive to 63rd Drive.
* The Jackson Heights-bound {{NYC bus link|Q29}} runs from Woodhaven Boulevard to 90th Street. 
* The {{NYC bus link|Q72}} uses the boulevard from 63rd Drive to Junction Boulevard to change its destination from Rego Park to LaGuardia Airport.<ref>{{Cite NYC bus map|Q}}</ref>
* The Long Island City-bound {{NYC bus link|Q104}} runs from 48th Street to 47th Street.
* East of 32nd Place, the following express routes head to destinations in Queens. Manhattan service turns onto Long Island Expressway:
** The {{NYC bus link|QM1|QM5|QM6|QM31|QM35|QM36|prose=y}} go to Union Turnpike. They are joined with the {{NYC bus link|QM7|QM8|prose=y}} at the LIE.
** The {{NYC bus link|QM4|QM44|prose=y}} run to Jewel Avenue, or from 69th Road when going to Manhattan. 
** The {{NYC bus link|X63|X64|prose=y}} serve until Van Wyck Expressway. They are joined with the {{NYC bus link|QM21}} at the LIE. 
** The {{NYC bus link|X68}} continues until Hillside Avenue.
* And these routes use the LIE in both directions:
** The {{NYC bus link|QM12|QM42|prose=y}} run either to Horace Harding Expressway (Forest Hills) or from 62nd Drive (Manhattan).  
** The South Ozone Park-bound {{NYC bus link|QM18}} takes the exit to Kew Gardens Road. Manhattan service originates at 80th Road.
** The Rego Park-bound {{NYC bus link|QM10|QM11|QM40|prose=y}} run until 63rd Road. Manhattan service uses Hoffman Drive instead.

For a few decades, [[List of streetcar lines in Queens|streetcar service]] operated along the boulevard, and until 1957 operated along the sides of the Queensboro Bridge into Manhattan.<ref>[http://www.columbia.edu/~brennan/abandoned/qborobr.html "Queensborough Bridge Railway terminal"] Abandoned Stations site</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last=Meyers |first=Stephen L. |date=May 2008 |number=24 |url=http://www.lostmag.com/issue24/queens.php |title=Queens of the Thirties |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120509234849/http://www.lostmag.com/issue24/queens.php |archive-date=May 9, 2012 |magazine=Lost Magazine}}</ref> For the section where the line ran concurrently with the IRT Flushing Line, the streetcars ran in a median below the viaduct supporting the elevated trains. In the space of the present-day [[Aviation High School (Queens)|Aviation High School]], there was a [[train yard]] for the streetcars.<ref name="Meyers 2006" /><ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jEPwYcM1qTs "Queens Trolleys in the 1930s: Queens Plaza and Queens Blvd."] on [[YouTube]]</ref>

===Major intersections===
{{jcttop|state=NY|county=Queens|length_ref=<ref name=google/><ref name=inventory-queens>{{cite web |url=https://www.dot.ny.gov/divisions/engineering/technical-services/hds-respository/HighwayInventory-QueensCounty-2016.zip |title=Queens County Inventory Listing |date=August 7, 2015 |publisher=New York State Department of Transportation |format=CSV |access-date=September 5, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180628072658/https://www.dot.ny.gov/divisions/engineering/technical-services/hds-respository/HighwayInventory-QueensCounty-2016.zip |archive-date=June 28, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>}}
{{NYCint
|location=Long Island City
|borough=Queens
|lspan=2
|mile=0.00<!--ny25 0.83=0.00-->
|type=trans
|road={{jct|state=NY|NY|25|dir1=west|name1=[[Ed Koch Queensboro Bridge]]|NY|25A|name2=Jackson Avenue west / [[Northern Boulevard]] east}}
|notes=Western terminus; NY 25 continues west
}}
{{NYCint
|mile=0.3
|road=[[File:I-495.svg|25px|link=]] Van Dam Street to [[I-495 (NY)|I-495]] (Long Island Expressway)
}}
{{NYCint
|location=Sunnyside
|borough=Queens
|mile=1.2
|road=[[Greenpoint Avenue]] west / [[Roosevelt Avenue (Queens)|Roosevelt Avenue]] east
|notes=Western terminus of [[frontage road]]s
}}
{{NYCint
|location=Woodside
|borough=Queens
|mile=2.19
|type=incomplete
|road={{jct|state=NY|I|278|name1=Brooklyn-Queens Expressway|location1=[[RFK Bridge]]|city2=Brooklyn|city3=Staten Island}}
|notes=No direct eastbound access to I-278 west; exit 39 on I-278
}}
{{NYCint
|location=Elmhurst
|borough=Queens
|mile=3.3
|road=[[Grand Avenue (Queens)|Grand Avenue]]
}}
{{NYCint
|location=Rego Park
|borough=Queens
|mile=3.91
|road={{jct|state=NY|I|495|name1=Long Island Expressway|road|[[Woodhaven Boulevard]]|city1=Midtown Tunnel|city2=Eastern Long Island}}
|notes=Grade-separated interchange; exit 19 on I-495
}}
{{NYCint
|location=Kew Gardens
|borough=Queens
|lspan=3
|mile=6.27
|road=[[File:Jackie Robinson Pkwy Shield.svg|25px|link=]] [[Union Turnpike (New York)|Union Turnpike]] to [[Jackie Robinson Parkway]]
|notes=Eastern terminus of frontage roads; exit 7 on J.R. Parkway
}}
{{NYCint
|mile=6.92
|type=incomplete
|road={{jct|state=NY|I|678|dir1=south|name1=Van Wyck Expressway|location1=[[Kennedy Airport]]|extra=airport}}
|notes=Eastbound exit and westbound entrance; exit 9 on I-678
}}
{{NYCint
|mile=7.0
|road=[[Main Street (Queens)|Main Street]] north
}}
{{NYCint
|location=Jamaica
|borough=Queens
|lspan=2
|mile=7.4
|type=trans
|road={{jct|state=NY|NY|25|dir1=east|name1=[[Hillside Avenue]]}}
|notes=NY 25 continues east
}}
{{NYCint
|mile=7.5
|road=[[Jamaica Avenue]]
|notes=Eastern terminus
}}
{{jctbtm|keys=incomplete,trans}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Queens Boulevard}}
* [http://www.nycroads.com/roads/queens-blvd/ Queens Boulevard Expressway proposals from NYCROADS.com]

{{Queens Streets}}

[[Category:Streets in Queens, New York]]
[[Category:20th century in New York City]]
[[Category:Kew Gardens, Queens]]
[[Category:Long Island City]]
[[Category:Jamaica, Queens]]
[[Category:Elmhurst, Queens]]
[[Category:Forest Hills, Queens]]
[[Category:Woodside, Queens]]
[[Category:Briarwood, Queens]]
[[Category:Rego Park, Queens]]