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Ralph Camroux Morris

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Ralph Camroux Morris
Portrait from “Indian Wild Life” (1936) which he edited
Born3 March 1895
Attikan estate
Died19 December 1977
Known forHunting
natural history
coffee planting
wildlife conservation
SpouseHeather née Kinloch
Parents
  • Randolph Hayton Morris (father)
  • Mabel Camroux (mother)

Colonel Randolph "Ralph" Camroux Morris (3 March 1895 – 19 December 1977, London) was a coffee planter, British Army officer, and hunter-naturalist who was born in India. A pioneer of wildlife conservation in India, a member of the Bombay Natural History Society, he also represented South Indian Europeans in the Indian parliament after 1947. Along with Jim Corbett and Hasan Abid Jafry, he organized an all-India conference for the preservation of wildlife in 1936. Morris was among the first to make use of electric fences to protect crops from elephants and other wildlife in India. He was a member of the first Indian Wildlife Board which made efforts to establish laws to conserve wildlife in post-Independence India.

Biography

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Memorials and family graves in Bellaji

Ralph was born in Attikan estate in the Biligirirangan Hills, the son of Mabel Camroux and Randolph Hayton Morris.[1] Morris Sr. was the son of an Perthshire church rector who left home at the age of 18 to work on a ship. He landed in India in 1877 at a time of famine and worked at various estates before starting the first coffee plantation in the Biligirirangans, an area he identified while out hunting.[2][3] Morris Sr. was a friend of G. P. Sanderson.[4] Ralph was sent to study in England at Blue Coat School and at Blundell's in Devon before returning to join his father at the estate. In 1895, his father was gored by a wounded gaur while out hunting. He was taken to Mysore and survived but died in 1918 from pneumonia in the one lung that remained. Ralph became a member of the Bombay Natural History Society in 1919, the same year in which he married Heather, daughter of another BNHS member Angus M. Kinloch, who lived in Kotagiri in the Nilgiris. In 1935, Ralph joined the Vernay-Hopwood expedition, sponsored by Arthur S. Vernay, to the Upper Chindwin of Burma. Another expedition was made into the Malay jungles in the same year in search of the Javan Rhinoceros. He was a President of the United Planters' Association of South India (UPASI) for one and half years in 1937-38 before joining as a volunteer officer in the war (Indian Army Reserve of Officers).[5] He served in the Middle East and North Africa, seeing action at the Siege of Tobruk. He returned after the war to work at his estate and extended it to Honnametti. After Independence, he represented the South Indian Europeans in the Legislative Assembly. In 1955 he sold off his estate to the Birla family and settled in the UK.[6][7]

Kaati Basava - a shrine that marks the spot where Randolph Hayton Morris was gored by a gaur
R.C. Morris (left), Arthur S. Vernay (centre, seated on the elephant's leg) and J.C. Faunthorpe with a bull elephant shot in the Biligirirangans that is now in the American Museum of Natural History (1923)

He documented the wildlife of the region in the Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society. His estate was visited by numerous people including Leslie Coleman, Victor Brooke, Arthur S. Vernay, John Faunthorpe, Kenneth Anderson, the ornithologist Salim Ali, as well as the Maharaja of Mysore.

In 1933, a fellow sportsman and friend Major Leonard Mourant Handley wrote a book called "Hunter's Moon" with a chapter on "The Great Blue Hills of Ranga"[8] which was reviewed by Morris (under his initials "R.C.M.") in the Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society who stated that "there should surely be some limit to the inaccuracies which find their way into modern books, which purport to set forth observations of interest to natural scientists and Shikaris."[9] Morris found 38 inaccuracies and Handley filed a case of libel in Middlesex and was awarded a damage of 3000 pounds in 1937. Morris never attended the trial and it was suggested the friction between the two former friends arose from differences between Mrs Morris and Mrs Handley.[10]

Attikan bungalow

The secretary of the Bombay Natural History Society noted in volume 51 of the journal:

At the request of the Kashmir Government, who desired expert advice for rehabilitation of their badly depleted wild life Messrs. Salim Ali and R. C. Morris visited Kashmir as the Society's representative in October 1952. They surveyed the various game sanctuaries and submitted a report recommending suitable measures which it is hoped are being duly implemented by the authorities. He was a member of the first sittings of the Indian Board of Wildlife.

A species of flying squirrel is named after Morris, Olisthomys morrisi, which was collected during the Vernay-Hopwood Chindwin Expedition.[11]

In 1994, one of Ralph's three daughters Monica Jackson, a mountaineer and anthropologist, reflected on her roots in a book called Going Back.[12][13]

Writings

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At the 1946 UPASI meeting. R.C. Morris sitting fourth from left
Morris with mahseer along with Heather (left), c. 1936
Portico of home with trophies, c. 1930
Honnametti bungalow, c. 1930

Morris contributed notes mainly to the journal of the Bombay Natural History Society. He also served as an editor and contributor to the short-lived “Indian Wild Life” magazine published by the ‘All India Conference for the Preservation of Wild Life’ from 1936 to 1939, ceasing due to the outbreak of World War II.

References

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  1. ^ Sukumar, R. 1994 Elephant Days and Nights: Ten Years with the Indian Elephant. Oxford India.
  2. ^ Shepherd, Gordon (1960). Where the lion trod. London: John Verney. p. 15.
  3. ^ Private papers in the India Office of the British Library
  4. ^ Jackson, Monica (1978). "Personalia. Ralph Morris: A portrait in a landscape" (PDF). Hornbill. No. April–June. pp. 17–20.
  5. ^ Indian Army List. April 1933. p. 280.
  6. ^ Ali, S (1978). "Obituary: Ralph Camroux Morris (1894-1977)". J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 75: 192–196.
  7. ^ Morris, Randolph C. (1936). "When elephants attacked my camp at night". In Jepson, Stanley (ed.). Big game encounters. London: H.F. & G. Witherby. pp. 22–26.
  8. ^ Handley, Leonard M. (1933). Hunter's Moon. London: Macmillan and Co. pp. 240–264.
  9. ^ "Reviews. Hunters' Moon". Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society. 37 (3): 716–718. 1934.
  10. ^ "Libelled hunter gets £3,000 damages". The Straits Times. 27 April 1937. p. 8.
  11. ^ Carter, T. Donald (November 12, 1942). "Three New Mammals of the Genera Crocidura, Callosciurus and Pteromys from Northern Burma". American Museum Novitates (1208): 2. Retrieved 29 July 2024.
  12. ^ "Monica Jackson obituary". The Guardian. 2020-04-26. Archived from the original on 2023-06-05.
  13. ^ "Going Back". Amazon. Retrieved 15 July 2020.