Raphael Holinshed: Difference between revisions
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) was an English [[chronicle]]r, whose work, commonly known as ''[[Holinshed's Chronicles]]'', was one of the major sources used by [[William Shakespeare]] for a number of [[Shakespeare's plays|his plays]]. |
) was an English [[chronicle]]r, whose work, commonly known as ''[[Holinshed's Chronicles]]'', was one of the major sources used by [[William Shakespeare]] for a number of [[Shakespeare's plays|his plays]]. |
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He is thought to have come from [[Cheshire]], but lived in London where he worked as a [[translation|translator]] for the printer [[Reginald Wolfe]].{{Citation needed|date=December 2011}}Wolfe gave him the project of compiling a world history from [[Deluge (mythology)|the Flood]] to the reign of [[Elizabeth I of England|Queen Elizabeth]]. This ambitious project was never finished, but one portion was published in 1577 as ''The Chronicles of [[Kingdom of England|England]], [[Kingdom of Scotland|Scotland]], and [[Kingdom of Ireland|Ireland]]''. Holinshed was only one contributor to this work; others involved in its production included [[William Harrison (clergyman)|William Harrison]], [[Richard Stanyhurst]], and [[John Hooker (English constitutionalist)|John Hooker]]. |
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Shakespeare used the revised second edition of the ''Chronicles'' (published in 1587) as the source for most of his [[Shakespearean history|history plays]], the plot of ''[[Macbeth]]'', and for portions of ''[[King Lear]]'' and ''[[Cymbeline]]''. |
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==Biography== |
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Little is known about Holinshed's life. There is no source which states his date of birth, for instance. He became known only by the ''Chronicles of England, Scotland and Ireland'', and all the information we have about him is related to this work. Although Vernon Snow remarks that Holinshed was an experienced Cambridge-educated translator, no other works by Holinshed are available. A few months after the Chronicle had been licensed, Holinshed retired to the countryside near Warwick. He died around 1580 and his will was proven on 24 April 1582. Nothing is known about Holinshed’s civil duties, other scholarly achievements or work for the Church. |
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== Holinshed's ''Chronicles of England, Scotland and Ireland'' == |
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{{main|Holinshed's Chronicles}} |
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In 1548 Reginald Wolfe, a London printer, conceived the idea of creating a "Universal Cosmography of the whole world, and there with also certain particular histories of every known nation." He wanted the work to be printed in English and he wanted maps and illustrations in the book as well. Wolfe acquired many of [[John Leland (antiquary)|John Leland]]'s works and with these he constructed chronologies and drew maps that were up to date. When Wolfe realised he could not complete this project on his own, he hired Raphael Holinshed and William Harrison to assist him. |
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Wolfe died with the work still uncompleted in 1573, and the project, changed to a work about just the British Isles, was run by a consortium of three members of the [[Worshipful Company of Stationers and Newspaper Makers|London stationers]]. They kept Raphael Holinshed who employed [[William Harrison]], [[Richard Stanyhurst]], [[Edmund Campion]] and [[John Hooker]]. In 1577 the work was published in two volumes after some censorship by the [[Privy Council]] of some of Stanyhurst's contribution on Ireland.<ref>[http://www.kcl.ac.uk/depsta/iss/library/speccoll/bomarch/bomfeb05.html (King's College London) Holinshed's ''Chronicles''] February 2005. Accessed 1 June 2008.</ref> |
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==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
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==Bibliography== |
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*{{Cite encyclopedia|first=Cyndia Susan |last=Clegg |title=Holinshed [Hollingshead], Raphael (c.1525–1580?) |encyclopedia=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography |publisher=Oxford University Press |origyear=2004 |year=2008 |edition=online |doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/13505 }} {{subscription}} |
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*{{cite book |first=Annabel |last=Patterson |title=Reading Holinshed's Chronicles |publisher=University of Chicago Press |place=Chicago |year=1994 |isbn=0226649113 }} |
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*{{cite book |first=Henry |last=Summerson |chapter=Raphael Holinshed: new light on a shadowy life |editor1-first=Paulina |editor1-last=Kewes |editor2-first=Ian W. |editor2-last=Archer |editor2-link=Ian Archer |editor3-first=Felicity |editor3-last=Heal |title=The Oxford Handbook of Holinshed's Chronicles |place=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2013 |isbn=978-0-19-956575-7 }} |
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==External links== |
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{{wikisource author|Raphael Holinshed}} |
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{{commons category|Raphael Holinshed}} |
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*[http://www.shakespeare-navigators.com/macbeth/Holinshed/index.html Excerpts from ''Holinshed's Chronicles, Volume V: Scotland''], at Macbeth Navigator. |
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* {{gutenberg author| id=Raphael+Holinshed | name=Raphael Holinshed}} |
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** {{Gutenberg|no=16496|name=Holinshed's ''Chronicles''}} |
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*[http://www.cems.ox.ac.uk/holinshed/news.shtml The Holinshed Project] at [[Oxford University]], with [http://www.english.ox.ac.uk/holinshed/ parallel texts] of the 1577 and 1587 editions. |
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*[http://dewey.library.upenn.edu/sceti/printedbooksNew/index.cfm?TextID=holinshed_chronicle&PagePosition=1 Holinshed's ''Chronicles''], from the University of Pennsylvania |
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{{Authority control|VIAF=78779996}} |
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{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. --> |
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| NAME = Holinshed, Raphael |
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| ALTERNATIVE NAMES = |
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| SHORT DESCRIPTION = English chronicler |
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| DATE OF BIRTH = 1529 |
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| PLACE OF BIRTH = |
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| DATE OF DEATH = |
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| PLACE OF DEATH = |
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}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Holinshed, Raphael}} |
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[[Category:16th-century historians]] |
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[[Category:Scholars]] |
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[[Category:16th-century English writers]] |
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[[Category:16th-century academics]] |
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[[Category:English academics]] |
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[[Category:Writers from London]] |
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[[Category:1580s deaths]] |
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[[Category:English chroniclers]] |
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[[Category:Year of birth unknown]] |
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[[Category:Place of birth unknown]] |
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[[Category:1529 births]] |
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[[Category:People from Cheshire]] |
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[[Category:16th-century English people]] |
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[[Category:People of the Tudor period]] |
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Revision as of 00:17, 10 April 2013
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (May 2008) |
Raphael Holinshed (1529–1580; /[invalid input: 'icon']ˈhɒlɪnzhɛd/ ) was an English chronicler, whose work, commonly known as Holinshed's Chronicles, was one of the major sources used by William Shakespeare for a number of his plays.