National Resistance (El Salvador)
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Resistencia Nacional (English: National Resistance) is a Salvadoran political party.
It began as a revolutionary organization founded on March 10, 1975 which became part of the FMLN coalition in 1980, against the military junta in the Salvadoran Civil War.
The Birth of The National Resistance. (RN)
The RN was formed by people who left the ERP and who advocated for more of a mass orientation, as opposed to the militarist orientation the ERP had at the time. During the separation, the ERP ordered the executions of Roque Dalton and Armando Arteaga, claiming political betrayal. This made some members break away from the PRS-ERP, hence creating la Resistencia Nacional.
Ernesto Jovel was its first general secretary. Other founding members of the RN included Eduardo Sancho (aka Fermán Cienfuegos), Lil Milagro Ramírez, Julia Rodríguez and Arsenio.
The National Resistance in the War of 1982-1992
In 1975, The National Resistance (RN) put into practice the line that Dalton and his co-thinkers in the ERP had advocated, putting more emphasis on sectoral organizing amongst the masses of people (in unions, student organizations, etc.). The RN was primarily based in Morazán Department as guerrilla commandos as well as in the city of San Salvador as clandestine urban forces mainly composed of university students.
The National Resistance conducted fewer attacks against the dictatorship in El Salvador compared to the FPL or ERP, but the RN operatives were well more effective in destabilizing the national tyranny with a lot fewer deaths on both sides.
The armed wing of the Resistencia Nacional was FARN (Fuerzas Armadas de la Resistencia Nacional) known as RN-FARN.
After peace accords were signed in 1992, all armed FMLN units were demobilized and their organization became a legal political party. The FMLN is now one of the two major political parties in El Salvador.
References
- More Information About The National Resistance, RN
- Cynthia J. Arnson ed., El Salvador's Democratic Transition Ten Years After the Peace Accord (2003).
- Yvon Grenier, The Emergence of Insurgency in El Salvador (1999).
- Marta Harnecker, Con la mirada en el alto.