View source for Riverside South, Manhattan

{{Short description|Building complex in New York City}}
{{Use American English|date=January 2024}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=October 2024}}
{{Infobox urban development project
 | name                = Riverside South
 | image               = Trump Place from mid-Hudson jeh.jpg
 | caption             = A view of the complex from the [[North River (Hudson River)|Hudson River]]
 | other_names         = Freedom Place and Riverside Center (for parts)
 | location            = [[Manhattan]], [[New York City]], [[New York (state)|New York]]
 | address             =
 | coordinates         = {{coord|40.778|-73.989|region:US_type:landmark|display=title,inline}}
 | status              = All buildings complete; highway relocation begun, but incomplete.
 | groundbreaking      = 1997
 | proposed            = 1989 (current plan)<br/>1961 (first plan)
 | constructed         = 1997–2020
 | est_completion      =
 | opening             =
 | demolished          =
 | destroyed           =
 | use                 = Residential
 | architect           = Daniel Gutman and [[Paul Willen]]; Marilyn Taylor and David Childs, SOM
 | developer           = [[The Trump Organization]], Hudson Waterfront Associates, [[Extell Development Company]]
 | owner               = Extell Development and The Carlyle Group
 | planner             = Riverside South Planning Corporation
 | cost                = {{US$|3 billion}}
 | buildings           = 19
 | size                = {{convert|8.4|e6ft2|m2}}
 | gross_leasable_area =
 | parking             =
 | number_of_tenants   =
 | number_of_residents = over 8,000 as of 2012
 | number_of_workers   =
 | website             = [http://www.extelldev.com/extell_residential_riversideSouth.html ExtellDev]
}}

'''Riverside South''' is an urban development project in the [[Lincoln Square, Manhattan|Lincoln Square]] neighborhood of the [[Upper West Side]] of [[Manhattan]], [[New York City]], United States. Developed by the businessman [[Donald Trump]] in collaboration with six civic associations, the largely residential complex is on {{convert|57|acre}} of land along the [[Hudson River]] between [[59th Street (Manhattan)|59th Street]] and [[72nd Street (Manhattan)|72nd Street]]. The $3&nbsp;billion project, which replaced a [[New York Central Railroad]] yard known as the 60th Street Yard, includes multiple residential towers and a extension of [[Riverside Park (Manhattan)|Riverside Park]].

There were several proposals for the site in the late 20th century. These included the Litho City plan in the 1960s, Trump's 1970s plan, and the Lincoln West plan of the early 1980s. The current proposal stems from Trump's late-1980s proposal for Television City. Television City was originally designed to include 16 apartment buildings, {{convert|1.8|e6sqft|m2}} of studio space, {{convert|300000|sqft|m2|-4}} of office space, ancillary retail space, and a {{convert|75|acre|sing=on}} waterfront park. Trump sold Riverside South to investors from Hong Kong and mainland China, which built seven structures starting in 1997. In 2005, the investors sold the remaining unfinished portions to the [[Carlyle Group]] and the [[Extell Development Company]]. which developed three more buildings. In turn, Extell sold off some of the southernmost plots in the 2010s; these sites became [[Waterline Square]].

==60th Street Rail Yard==
Before Riverside South was developed, the site was a rail freight yard owned by the [[New York Central Railroad]], located between 59th and 72nd streets.<ref name="Stern (2006) p. 824">{{harvnb|Stern|Fishman|Tilove|2006|ps=.|page=824}}</ref> By 1849 an [[Embankment (transportation)|embankment]] near West End Avenue, with a span over a [[tidal lagoon]], carried the Hudson River Railroad, later part of New York Central. At the time, much of the current site of Riverside South was still under water.<ref name="nyt20150827" /> By 1880, what had been river was transformed by landfill into the New York Central Railroad's vast 60th Street Yard.<ref name="nyt20150827" /><ref>City Planning Commission, "Riverside South Final Environmental Impact Statement (FEIS)," October 11, 1992, [https://www.scribd.com/document/42688816/Riverside-South-FEIS-1 pp. II-H-3, II-H-18]</ref> Within the 60th Street Yard, a set of {{convert|400|ft|m|-long|adj=mid}} piers extended into the [[Hudson River]], where barges carried railcars across the river to [[New Jersey Devils|New Jersey]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Schneider |first=Daniel B. |date=July 6, 1997 |title=F.Y.I. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/07/06/nyregion/fyi-949949.html |access-date=October 23, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> The piers protruded at a 55-degree angle and each contained tracks.<ref name="Dunlap c108">{{cite web |last=Dunlap |first=David W. |date=January 18, 2001 |title=Design Notebook; Skyline Views From Midstream |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/01/18/garden/design-notebook-skyline-views-from-midstream.html |access-date=October 28, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref>

In the 1930s, New York City parks commissioner [[Robert Moses]] covered New York Central's rail track north of 72nd Street as part of the [[West Side Line#Grade separation|West Side Improvement]], which also moved rail lines below grade south of 60th Street.<ref>{{cite news |first=L.H. |last=Robbins |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1934/06/03/archives/transforming-the-west-side-a-huge-project-marches-on-new.html |title=Transforming the West Side: A Huge Project Marches On |work=The New York Times |date=June 3, 1934 |access-date=March 31, 2021 |archive-date=August 23, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190823185406/https://www.nytimes.com/1934/06/03/archives/transforming-the-west-side-a-huge-project-marches-on-new.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|ps=.|Stern|Gilmartin|Mellins|1987|pages=696–698}}</ref>{{RP|696–698}} The Moses project was bigger than [[Hoover Dam]] and created the [[Henry Hudson Parkway]]. The adjacent [[Riverside Park (Manhattan)|Riverside Park]] was expanded to the Hudson River.<ref>{{harvnb|ps=.|Stern|Gilmartin|Mellins|1987|pages=698–700}}</ref>

Until the 1970s, the rail yard area was generally industrial.<ref name="nyt20150827" /> The area was home to a printing plant for ''[[The New York Times]]'' between 1959 and 1975,<ref>{{cite news | title=Times Begins Printing At New West Side Plant | newspaper=The New York Times | date=July 29, 1959 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/27/nyregion/parks-stone-wall-is-a-vestige-of-manhattans-rail-history.html | access-date=May 17, 2016 | archive-date=October 9, 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009130005/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/27/nyregion/parks-stone-wall-is-a-vestige-of-manhattans-rail-history.html | url-status=live}}</ref> as well as ABC television studios. At the same time, public housing extended to West End Avenue (across the street from the printing plant and the TV studios), and the [[Lincoln Towers]] redevelopment project extended to the rail yard boundary along Freedom Place.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Litho City Master Plan (aerial view) |url=http://chpcny.org/assets/LithoCity-MasterPlan-aerial.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160610050222/http://chpcny.org/assets/LithoCity-MasterPlan-aerial.pdf |archive-date=June 10, 2016 |access-date=May 11, 2016 |website=chpcny.org}}</ref> New York Central merged with the [[Pennsylvania Railroad]] to form [[Penn Central]] in 1968 as the rail lines were suffering severe financial difficulties.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Daughen |first1=J.R. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5ur402YHf7gC |title=The Wreck of the Penn Central |last2=Binzen |first2=P. |publisher=Beard Books |year=1999 |isbn=978-1-893122-08-6 |page=4 |access-date=March 8, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240308062316/https://books.google.com/books?id=5ur402YHf7gC |archive-date=March 8, 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> The railroad [[Bankruptcy of Penn Central|went bankrupt in 1970]],<ref>{{Cite news |date=June 22, 1970 |title=$200 Million Rescue Attempt Fails |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=55ZlAAAAIBAJ&dq=penn+central+bankruptcy&pg=PA22&article_id=1149,2551001 |work=The Vancouver Sun |page=22 |agency=TPS}}</ref> and its assets were sold off in federal court.<ref name="Barrett 1979" />

{{multiple image
| align             = center
| direction         = horizontal
| image1            = RSP South stonework jeh.jpg
| caption1          = Stonework of a former rail [[Embankment (transportation)|embankment]] in Riverside Park South
| image2            = New York Central Railroad 69th Street Transfer Bridge (01590).jpg
| caption2          = The [[New York Central Railroad 69th Street Transfer Bridge]] used to transfer freight by [[car float]] across the Hudson, in disuse since the 1970s in Riverside Park South.<ref name="FNY transfer bridge" />
| image3            =
| caption3          =
| total_width       = 600
}}
==Early redevelopment plans{{Anchor|Redevelopment plans}}==
In the late 20th century, there had been several proposals to develop structures over the rail yard.<ref name="Stern (2006) p. 824" /><ref name="p397944656">{{cite news |last=Lipman |first=Joanne |date=September 26, 1984 |title=Delayed New York Housing Project Shows Problems of Urban Ventures |work=The Wall Street Journal |page=1 |issn=0099-9660 |id={{ProQuest|397944656}}}}</ref> These included the Litho City plan in the 1960s; the businessman [[Donald Trump]]'s 1970s plan; the Lincoln West plan of the early 1980s; and Trump's Television City plan of the late 1980s. In his book ''New York 2000'', [[Robert A. M. Stern]] described the site as "one of the city's most coveted and contested parcels of open land".<ref name="Stern (2006) p. 824" /> The site was hard to develop in part because it did not have roads or utilities, and because any potential redevelopment would have had to be built over the train yard.<ref name="p397944656" />

=== 1960s plans<span class="anchor" id="Litho City"></span> ===
[[File:THE WEST SIDE OF MANHATTAN, NEW YORK. THE NEW YORK, NEW JERSEY METROPOLITAN REGION IS ONE THE MOST CONGESTED URBAN... - NARA - 555742 (Corrected).jpg|thumb|The 60th Street Yard, seen in 1970]]
In 1961, the railroad proposed a partnership with the [[Amalgamated Lithographers of America|Amalgamated Lithographers Union]] to build '''Litho City''''','' a [[mixed-use development]] over the tracks.<ref name="Stern (2006) p. 824" /><ref name="NYT 1961 p562">{{cite web |date=August 18, 1961 |title=West Side Housing to Straddle Central Tracks |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1961/08/18/archives/west-side-housing-to-straddle-central-tracks.html |access-date=October 9, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> There would be six 47-story buildings and three 41-story buildings, all designed by [[Kelly & Gruzen]]. The development would have included 200 artists' studios that faced north; the rest of the units would be structured as rental apartments or [[housing cooperative]]s.<ref name="NYT 1961 p562" /> Sources variously cited Litho City as being built to accommodate 12,500<ref name="n156854072">{{Cite news |date=October 18, 1962 |title=Board Boosts Idea of a City Over the Rails |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-board-boosts-idea-of-a-city-o/156854072/ |access-date=October 10, 2024 |work=Daily News |pages=361}}</ref> or 25,000 people.<ref name="NYT 1961 p562" /> The [[New York City Planning Commission]] (CPC) deferred action on the Litho City proposal for a year while it reviewed Litho City's effects on traffic in the neighborhood,<ref name="Ingraham i484" /> and the consulting firm of Day & Zimmerman warned that the development might worsen traffic.<ref>{{Cite news |date=September 30, 1962 |title=Warn Center Over Traffic |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-warn-center-over-traffic/156854480/ |access-date=October 10, 2024 |work=Daily News |pages=8}}</ref> Nonetheless, the union's president [[Edward Swayduck]] and the city's traffic commissioner [[Henry A. Barnes]] both endorsed the Litho City plan.<ref name="Ingraham i484">{{cite web |last=Ingraham |first=Joseph C. |date=October 8, 1962 |title=City Planners Set to Approve Site for Litho City Development; Project Housing 12,500 Will Dominate Hudson Shore From 60th to 70th Mayor and Aides Back Plan |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1962/10/08/archives/city-planners-set-to-approve-site-for-litho-city-development.html |access-date=October 9, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref>

The CPC designated the West Side rail yard as an urban renewal site in October 1962, allowing the plans for Litho City to proceed.<ref name="n156854072" /><ref>{{cite news |last=Madden |first=Richard L. |date=October 18, 1962 |title=Litho City Area Ruled Suitable for Renewal |work=New York Herald Tribune |page=15 |issn=1941-0646 |id={{ProQuest|1336051630}} |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |last=Bennett |first=Charles G. |date=October 18, 1962 |title=Litho City's Site is Approved Here; Planners Rule Area West of Lincoln Center Suitable for Urban Renewal |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1962/10/18/archives/litho-citys-site-is-approved-here-planners-rule-area-west-of.html |access-date=October 9, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> Shortly afterward, the Amalgamated Lithographers Union announced plans for a $15 million dormitory in the development, which would house 1,000 foreign students.<ref>{{cite news |date=October 20, 1962 |title=Foreign Student Residence Included in Litho City Plan |work=New York Herald Tribune |page=5 |issn=1941-0646 |id={{ProQuest|1325679240}} |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |date=October 20, 1962 |title=Housing for Students Planned As Part of Litho City Project |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1962/10/20/archives/housing-for-students-planned-as-part-of-litho-city-project.html |access-date=October 9, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> Plans also called for a promenade linking to [[Lincoln Center]], in addition to a park on the Hudson River shoreline.<ref name="NYT 1963 l836">{{cite web |date=November 21, 1963 |title=Model of $200 Million Litho City Goes on Display |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1963/11/21/archives/model-of-200-million-litho-city-goes-on-display.html |access-date=October 9, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> A [[scale model]] of Litho City was unveiled at [[Grand Central Terminal]] in 1963.<ref name="NYT 1963 l836" /> By then, the project was being planned as a high-income development, rather than a middle-income development; the cost of Litho City was estimated at $175 million.<ref>{{cite web |last=Huxtable |first=Ada Louise |date=June 21, 1963 |title=Litho City: Hit or Flop?; Union Housing Plan Meets Snag in Bid for 'Greatness' Star Architect Sought Above Middle Income Architects Recommended Financing a Mystery |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1963/06/21/archives/litho-city-hit-or-flop-union-housing-plan-meets-snag-in-bid-for.html |access-date=October 10, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> There were to be 6,000 apartments,<ref>{{cite news |last=Fowler |first=Glenn |date=February 28, 1965 |title=Lincoln Sq. Area is Still Building |work=The New York Times |page=R1 |issn=0362-4331 |id={{ProQuest|116767640}}}}</ref> and a new street, running parallel to the yard between 66th and 70th streets, was also proposed.<ref>{{cite web |last=Ingraham |first=Joseph C. |date=February 14, 1964 |title=One-Way Routing at Lincoln Center Is to Be Reversed |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1964/02/14/archives/oneway-routing-at-lincoln-center-is-to-be-reversed.html |access-date=October 10, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> Moses also planned to build an exit from the [[West Side Highway]] to Litho City, prompting objections that the street grid could not handle the additional traffic.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Kessler |first1=Gerald |last2=Schlegel |first2=Harry |date=September 10, 1965 |title=Moses Has 3 Bees in His Various Bonnets |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-moses-has-3-bees-in-his-vario/156872658/ |access-date=October 10, 2024 |work=Daily News |pages=3. [https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-moses-has-3-bees-in-his-vario/156872710/ 25]}}</ref>

The plans for Litho City were formally dropped in January 1966 due to disputes over the [[air rights]]; the railroad had terminated the union's lease of the site two months prior.<ref>{{cite web |last=O'Kane |first=Lawrence |date=January 21, 1966 |title=Litho City Plans Dropped by Union; Railroad Held Obstructive on Air Rights Proposal |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1966/01/21/archives/litho-city-plans-dropped-by-union-railroad-held-obstructive-on-air.html |access-date=October 9, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> In the late 1960s, there were various proposals by the city's Educational Construction Fund for mixed residential and school projects, also partly on landfill.<ref name="Stern (2006) p. 824" /><ref>New York City Department of City Planning, "Lincoln Square and its Waterfront," NYC DCP 76-27, October 1976.</ref> This development would have included several athletic fields and between 6,000 and 12,000 apartments.<ref name="Stern (2006) p. 824" /> In the early 1970s, Moses proposed relocating the highway between 59th and 72nd streets to ground level to facilitate an extension of Riverside Park, but he was unsuccessful.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Robert Moses' Proposal, 1974 |url=https://www.nypl.org/research/collections/shared-collection-catalog/bib/b10691956 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201004004726/https://www.nypl.org/research/collections/shared-collection-catalog/bib/b10691956 |archive-date=October 4, 2020 |access-date=May 19, 2020}}</ref> The state rejected that proposal because of the presumed negative effect on development opportunities and because it would violate the Blumenthal Amendment, which prohibited any highway construction that would alter Riverside Park.<ref>New York State DOT and FHWA, [https://books.google.com/books?id=orM2AQAAMAAJ&q=editions:bLEc0xsgrssC "West Side Highway Project: Section 6 of the Final Environmental Impact Statement,"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241006202242/https://books.google.com/books?id=orM2AQAAMAAJ&q=editions:bLEc0xsgrssC|date=October 6, 2024}}, pp. 7, 8, 1975, 1977</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Prial |first=Frank J. |date=March 30, 1973 |title=West Side Studies 6 Highway Plans |url=http://home.jps.net/~riversidesouth/Blumenthal.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170228180412/http://home.jps.net/~riversidesouth/Blumenthal.pdf |archive-date=February 28, 2017 |work=The New York Times}}</ref>

=== First Trump proposal and sale ===
{{external media
| width  = 275px
| float  = right
| image1 = [https://web.archive.org/web/20160202032550/http://home.jps.net/~riversidesouth/litho%20city%202.jpg Litho City]
| image2 = [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304121014/http://home.jps.net/~riversidesouth/Moses.jpg Robert Moses' Highway and Housing Proposal, 1975]
| image3 = [https://web.archive.org/web/20170203080155/http://home.jps.net/~riversidesouth/Trump76.jpg Donald Trump's 1975 Proposal]
| image4 = [https://web.archive.org/web/20170214204441/http://home.jps.net/~riversidesouth/trump%2075.jpg Donald Trump's 1977 Proposal]
| image5 = [https://web.archive.org/web/20170214202125/http://home.jps.net/~riversidesouth/linc%20west.jpg Lincoln West]
| image6 = [https://web.archive.org/web/20160202034735/http://home.jps.net/~riversidesouth/tv%20city3.jpg Television City]
| image7 = [https://web.archive.org/web/20170214203430/http://home.jps.net/~riversidesouth/trumpcity.jpg Trump City]
| image8 = [https://web.archive.org/web/20170214201905/http://home.jps.net/~riversidesouth/Civic%20Alternative.gif The Civic Alternative]
| image9 = [https://web.archive.org/web/20170214204432/http://home.jps.net/~riversidesouth/SOM%20model.jpg Riverside South, as proposed]
}}

In July 1974, Trump Enterprises Inc., a company controlled by Trump, offered to buy an [[Option (finance)|option]] on the {{convert|100|acre|adj=on}} 60th Street Yard and the {{convert|44|acre|adj=on}} [[West Side Yard|30th Street Yard]] for a combined $100 million.<ref name="p133918824">{{cite news |date=July 30, 1974 |title=Penn Central Trustees Petition To Sell Property: Court Asked to Clear Sale Of New York City Land For Over $100 Million |work=The Wall Street Journal |page=2 |issn=0099-9660 |id={{ProQuest|133918824}} |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |last=Fried |first=Joseph P. |date=July 30, 1974 |title=2 West Side Rail Yards Are Sought for Housing |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1974/07/30/archives/2-west-side-rail-yards-are-sought-for-housing.html |access-date=October 10, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> Trump did not make a [[down payment]].<ref name="nyt20050601">{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/06/01/nyregion/trump-group-selling-west-side-parcel-for-18-billion.html|title=Trump Group Selling West Side Parcel for $1.8 Billion|last=Bagli|first=Charles V.|date=June 1, 2005|website=The New York Times|access-date=May 17, 2016|archive-date=June 16, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160616130110/http://www.nytimes.com/2005/06/01/nyregion/trump-group-selling-west-side-parcel-for-18-billion.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Barrett 1979">{{cite web|url=https://www.villagevoice.com/2015/07/20/behind-the-seventies-era-deals-that-made-donald-trump/|title=Behind the Seventies-Era Deals That Made Donald Trump|last=Barrett|first=Wayne|date=January 22, 1979|website=Village Voice|access-date=July 1, 2018|archive-date=July 2, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180702011346/https://www.villagevoice.com/2015/07/20/behind-the-seventies-era-deals-that-made-donald-trump/|url-status=live}}</ref> Penn Central, which at the time was under [[trusteeship]] due to its insolvency, petitioned its trustees to approve the sale.<ref name="p133918824" /> Though both of the yards were still being used by freight trains,<ref name="p133918824" /> the only structures on the sites were storage buildings and train tracks.<ref name="p133967449">{{cite news |date=March 11, 1975 |title=Penn Central Agrees to Sell 2 Inactive Yards: Trump Enterprises to Pay Minimum of $62 Million, Plus Option for Stake |work=The Wall Street Journal |page=2 |issn=0099-9660 |id={{ProQuest|133967449}} |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |last=McFadden |first=Robert D. |date=March 11, 1975 |title=Penn Central Yards' Sale Is Approved by U.S. Court |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1975/03/11/archives/penn-central-yards-sale-is-approved-by-us-court-2-parcels-on-hudson.html |access-date=October 10, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> Following a private meeting with Trump, his father [[Fred Trump|Fred]], and Mayor [[Abraham Beame]], Penn Central's trustees gave the option to Trump because he "seemed best positioned [...] to get rezoning and government financing".<ref name="Barrett 1979" /> A U.S. federal court approved Penn Central's sale of the option to Trump in March 1975.<ref name="p133967449" />

Initially, Trump wanted to build up to 20,000<ref name="Kruse 2018">{{cite web |last=Kruse |first=Michael |date=June 29, 2018 |title=The Lost City of Trump |url=https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2018/06/29/trump-robert-moses-new-york-television-city-urban-development-1980s-218836/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308145205/https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2018/06/29/trump-robert-moses-new-york-television-city-urban-development-1980s-218836// |archive-date=March 8, 2021 |access-date=July 1, 2018 |website=POLITICO Magazine}}</ref><ref name="Fried z274">{{cite web |last=Fried |first=Joseph P. |date=March 12, 1975 |title=West Side Leaders Skeptical Of Plan to Develop Rail Yards |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1975/03/12/archives/west-side-leaders-skeptical-of-plan-to-develop-rail-yards.html |access-date=October 10, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> or 30,000<ref name="Barrett 1979" /> housing units on the site.<ref name="Barrett 1979" /><ref name="Kruse 2018" /> At the time, he had never completed a major real-estate development before.<ref name="p1834878796">{{Cite news |last=Demick |first=Barbara |date=27 May 1990 |title=Trump City, or Trump's Folly?: a New York Neighborhood Has Organized to Fight Donald Trump's Most Ambitious Vision Yet. |work=Philadelphia Inquirer |page=C.1 |id={{ProQuest|1834878796}}}}</ref> Local politicians including U.S. Representative [[Bella Abzug]] expressed concerns about the fact that the 60th Street redevelopment would cater mostly to middle- and upper-class families.<ref name="Fried z274" /> Trump presented plans for the development to local residents in April 1976. As part of the proposal, designed by [[Gruzen & Partners]], the site would be divided into three sectors with at least four buildings each; about 40 percent of the development would be open space, and there would be one or two schools and a central shopping mall.<ref name="n156878208">{{Cite news |last=Swertlow |first=Eleanor |date=April 30, 1976 |title=Says W. Siders Oppose a 'Co-op City on Hudson' |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-says-w-siders-oppose-a-co-o/156878208/ |access-date=October 10, 2024 |work=Daily News |pages=7}}</ref> There would have been 14,500 apartments on the site, funded with federal subsidies.<ref name="n156878208" /><ref>{{cite web |last=Klemesrud |first=Judy |date=November 1, 1976 |title=Donald Trump, Real Estate Promoter, Builds Image as He Buys Buildings |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1976/11/01/archives/donald-trump-real-estate-promoter-builds-image-as-he-buys-buildings.html |access-date=October 10, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> [[Manhattan Community Board 7]], representing the neighborhood that included the rail yard, opposed the plan.<ref name="Kruse 2018" /><ref name="n156878208" /> Trump twice downsized his plans for the yards.<ref name="Kruse 2018" /> By May 1976, Trump's plans called for the [[West Side Highway]] to be relocated so he could build a park next to it;<ref>{{cite news |last=Horsley |first=Carter B. |date=May 9, 1976 |title=Park Extension Sought by Trump |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1976/05/09/archives/park-extension-sought-by-trump-developer-would-redesign-west-side.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161010005329/http://www.nytimes.com/1976/05/09/archives/park-extension-sought-by-trump-developer-would-redesign-west-side.html |archive-date=October 10, 2016 |access-date=March 31, 2021 |work=The New York Times}}</ref> the Department of City Planning endorsed this plan.<ref>{{cite news |last=Fowler |first=Glenn |date=November 30, 1976 |title=A River Park West of Lincoln Sq. Endorsed by City Planning Study |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1976/11/30/archives/a-river-park-west-of-lincoln-sq-endorsed-by-city-planning-study.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210331190409/https://www.nytimes.com/1976/11/30/archives/a-river-park-west-of-lincoln-sq-endorsed-by-city-planning-study.html |archive-date=March 31, 2021 |access-date=March 31, 2021 |work=The New York Times}}</ref> The state ultimately proposed reconstructing the highway viaduct instead.<ref>New York State DOT and FHWA, [https://books.google.com/books?id=I7w1AQAAMAAJ&dq=West+side+highway+project+environmental+impact+statement&pg=PA1 "West Side Highway Project: Final Environmental Impact Statement,"] June 4, 1977, p. 32.</ref>

Another proposal, for 12,450 apartments, was dependent on public financing that never materialized.<ref>{{cite web |last=Vitullo-Martin |first=Julia |date=January 19, 2004 |title=The West Side Rethinks Donald Trump's Riverside South |url=https://www.manhattan-institute.org/email/crd_newsletter01-04.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040216123414/https://www.manhattan-institute.org/email/crd_newsletter01-04.html |archive-date=February 16, 2004 |access-date=May 17, 2016 |website=Manhattan Institute}}</ref> In May 1979, Trump exercised his option on the site, agreeing to buy the yard for $28 million.<ref>{{cite news |date=May 7, 1979 |title=Penn Central Corp. Posts Operating Profit For the First Quarter |work=The Wall Street Journal |page=23 |issn=0099-9660 |id={{ProQuest|134383064}} |postscript=none}}; {{Cite news |last=Moritz |first=Owen |date=May 5, 1979 |title=West Side railyard is Trump's for 28M |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-west-side-railyard-is-trumps/156879117/ |access-date=October 10, 2024 |work=Daily News |pages=45}}</ref> Had Trump finalized the acquisition, he would have been required to make payments over 18–30 months, after which he could take [[Title (property)|title]] to the site.<ref>{{cite news |date=May 7, 1979 |title=Penn Central Corp. Posts Operating Profit For the First Quarter |work=The Wall Street Journal |page=23 |issn=0099-9660 |id={{ProQuest|134383064}}}}</ref> However, Trump never finalized his purchase, and his father's longtime friend [[Abraham Hirschfeld|Abe Hirschfeld]] agreed to take over the option instead.<ref>{{cite book |last=Barrett |first=Wayne |url=https://archive.org/details/trumpdealsdownfa00barr |title=Trump: The Deals and the Downfall |date=1992 |publisher=HarperCollins Publishers |isbn=0060167041 |pages=114–115}}</ref>  By then, the city government was contemplating building a freight yard for [[Piggyback (transportation)|piggyback]] trains on the site.<ref name="n156880886">{{Cite news |last=Smith |first=Randy |date=November 1, 1980 |title=Latin maps $1B W. Side Complex |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-latin-maps-1b-w-side-comple/156880886/ |access-date=October 10, 2024 |work=Daily News |pages=196. [https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-latin-maps-1b-w-side-comple/156880930/ 200]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=July 8, 1980 |title=New York's Plan for the Future; Total Cost at Least $180 Million New Link Instead of Zigzag Yard for Manhattan Industries |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1980/07/08/archives/new-yorks-plan-for-the-future-total-cost-at-least-180-million-new.html |access-date=October 10, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> Penn Central signed a sale contract in March 1980, agreeing to sell Hirschfeld and his son [[Elie Hirschfeld|Elie]] the site for $28 million.<ref>{{cite news |date=March 24, 1980 |title=Penn Central to Sell Manhattan Rail Yard For Total $28 Million |work=The Wall Street Journal |page=21 |issn=0099-9660 |id={{ProQuest|134434956}} |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |date=March 22, 1980 |title=Penn Central Sells Manhattan Site |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1980/03/22/archives/penn-central-sells-manhattan-site.html |access-date=October 10, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> Under the terms of the contract, the Hirschfelds made a $400,000 down payment and were required to spend $700,000 on planning over the next year.<ref name="n156880886" /> Trump later said that his decision to let his option expire was "the toughest business decision in my life".<ref name="p285541417" />

=== Lincoln West ===
Abe Hirschfeld and the Argentine astrophysicist [[Carlos Varsavsky]] acquired the 60th Street Yard site in late 1980.<ref name="Blair e250">{{cite web |last=Blair |first=William G. |date=November 2, 1980 |title=Argentines Back New Effort To Build on Old Penn Rail Yards; Argentines Back New Effort to Develop Penn Yards |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1980/11/02/archives/argentines-back-new-effort-to-build-on-old-penn-rail-yards.html |access-date=October 10, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Postal |first=Bernard |date=November 30, 1980 |title=Postal Card |work=The New York Jewish Week |page=35 |id={{ProQuest|371505226}}}}</ref> Varsavsky's company, the [[Francisco Macri|Macri]] Group, became the project's majority partner, with a 65% ownership stake; the Hirschfelds held the remaining 35% stake.<ref name="n156880886" /><ref name="Blair e250" /><ref name="p397944656" />

==== Initial plan ====
[[File:Riverside Park looking south (01585).jpg|thumb|Southward view of the site from the riverside]]
Hirschfeld and Varsavsky formed a partnership named Lincoln West Associates to develop a project known as '''Lincoln West''' on the 60th Street Yard site.<ref name="Daniels y337">{{cite web |last=Daniels |first=Lee A. |date=January 28, 1981 |title=Metropolitan Desk |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1981/01/28/nyregion/article-242147-no-title.html |access-date=October 10, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> Macri hired [[Gruzen & Partners]] to draw up plans for the project, and he hired former deputy mayor [[John Eugene Zuccotti]] and lawyer [[Judah Gribetz]] to consult on the project.<ref name="n156880886" /> [[Rafael Viñoly]] assisted Gruzen with the plans.<ref name="Oser v465">{{cite web |last=Oser |first=Alan S. |date=August 8, 1982 |title=Perspectives: Lincoln West; Betting a Billion Dollars on the Upper West Side |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1982/08/08/realestate/perspectives-lincoln-west-betting-a-billion-dollars-on-the-upper-west-side.html |access-date=October 10, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref>  The initial plans, announced in January 1981, called for 16 residential towers with a total of 4,850 apartments,<ref name="Daniels y337" /><ref name="n156882080">{{Cite news |date=February 1, 1981 |title=It's toot-toot time for rail yard plan |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-its-toot-toot-time-for-rail/156882080/ |access-date=October 10, 2024 |work=Daily News |pages=285}}</ref> arranged around a new avenue called Lincoln Boulevard.<ref name="Oser v465" /> There would also be a 500-room hotel,<ref name="n156882080" /> one or two office towers, and {{Convert|42|acre}} of open space.<ref name="Daniels y337" /> A 4,000-space parking garage would have been located underneath the development.<ref name="n156884396">{{Cite news |last=Chadwick |first=Bruce |date=January 6, 1982 |title=Dr. Varsavsky's incredible city |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-dr-varsavskys-incredible-ci/156884396/ |access-date=October 10, 2024 |work=Daily News |pages=96, [https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-dr-varsavskys-incredible-ci/156884503/ 98]}}</ref> Due to the topography of the site, the buildings at both the northern and southern ends would have been located on a platform, and Lincoln Boulevard would have been built with two levels.<ref name="Oser v465" /> The first apartments would have begun construction in 1982, while the rest of the development would have been built in phases over a decade.<ref name="n156882080" /><ref name="n156884396" />

Lincoln West Associates submitted a formal proposal for the site in November 1981.<ref name="p397944656" /> When the plans were announced, ''[[The New York Times]]''{{'}} architecture critic [[Paul Goldberger]] wrote that "much can be improved in the design of Lincoln West" but predicted that the development itself would alleviate the high demand for luxury housing in the city.<ref name="Goldberger p179">{{cite web |last=Goldberger |first=Paul |date=August 29, 1982 |title=Architecture View; is the Lincoln West Project Right for the City? |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1982/08/29/arts/architecture-view-is-the-lincoln-west-project-right-for-the-city.html |access-date=October 10, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> In late 1981, Lincoln West Associates offered to give $10,000 to Community Board 7 for a study of the project's impacts.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Chadwick |first=Bruce |date=October 8, 1981 |title=Community board eyes private money for study |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-community-board-eyes-private/156882727/ |access-date=October 10, 2024 |work=Daily News |pages=153}}</ref> The plans had to undergo community review.<ref name="Purnick s122">{{cite web |last=Purnick |first=Joyce |date=March 28, 1982 |title=West Side Waterfront Project is Facing a Series of Obstacles |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1982/03/28/nyregion/west-side-waterfront-project-is-facing-a-series-of-obstacles.html |access-date=October 10, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> Opponents claimed that the development would overload the area's infrastructure,<ref name="n156884396" /><ref name="Newsday 1982">{{Cite news |date=September 17, 1982 |title=Lincoln West Plan Before City Board |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-nassau-edition-lincoln-west-pl/156883099/ |access-date=October 10, 2024 |work=Newsday |pages=31}}</ref> and other critics took issue with the development's size<ref name="n156884396" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=August 20, 1982 |title=Hearing on West Side Project Draws Backers, Opponents |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-hearing-on-west-side-project-dra/156883993/ |access-date=October 10, 2024 |work=Newsday |pages=25}}</ref> and the lack of [[affordable housing]].<ref name="n156884396" /><ref name="Goldberger p179" /> The firm of McKeown & Franz conducted an [[environmental impact statement]] (EIS) for the site.<ref name="p285541417">{{cite news |last=Bernstein |first=Nina |date=25 Mar 1987 |title=Trump He Plays for Keeps; It's Dream vs. Nightmare for Some Barren West Side Land |work=Newsday |page=9 |issn=2574-5298 |id={{ProQuest|285541417}}}}</ref> The EIS found that the project would create 7,000 jobs, but that it would also overload existing transit infrastructure due to the presence of 9,200 additional commuters.<ref name="Gottlieb r662">{{cite web |last=Gottlieb |first=Martin |date=November 20, 1985 |title=Trump's Plan for 150-story Tower on West Side Faces a Strenuous Review |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1985/11/20/nyregion/trump-s-plan-for-150-story-tower-on-west-side-faces-a-strenuous-review.html |access-date=October 11, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> Community Board 7 refused to support the project unless it was downscaled to include fewer than 4,000 residential units.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Chadwick |first=Bruce |date=1982-02-26 |title=Board asks scaling down of Lincoln West |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-board-asks-scaling-down-of-li/156934380/ |access-date=2024-10-11 |work=Daily News |pages=97}}</ref> Ultimately, Hirschfeld and Varsavsky agreed to pay for infrastructure improvements in the neighborhood.<ref name="Goldberger p179" /><ref name="n156882985">{{Cite news |last=Moritz |first=Owen |date=September 19, 1982 |title=1B Lincoln West: a real blockbuster |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-1b-lincoln-west-a-real-block/156882985/ |access-date=October 10, 2024 |work=Daily News |pages=20}}</ref>

Macri sent the plans to the CPC for review in March 1982 but, despite the concerns over Lincoln West's size, initially refused to scale down the plans.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Chadwick |first=Bruce |date=March 23, 1982 |title=Unchanged Lincoln West plan goes before planning body |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-unchanged-lincoln-west-plan-g/156884666/ |access-date=October 10, 2024 |work=Daily News |pages=100}}</ref> The same month, the city asked Lincoln West Associates to postpone its plans so the city could decide whether to build a new freight terminal there,<ref>{{cite web |last=Purnick |first=Joyce |date=March 24, 1982 |title=City Asks Lincoln West to Defer Current Plans |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1982/03/24/nyregion/city-asks-lincoln-west-to-defer-current-plans.html |access-date=October 10, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Chadwick |first=Bruce |date=March 31, 1982 |title=More modest proposal for W. 60th |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-more-modest-proposal-for-w-6/156885168/ |access-date=October 10, 2024 |work=Daily News |pages=110}}</ref> and Lincoln West Associates agreed to restart the community review process.<ref name="Purnick s122" /> Additionally, part of the parking garage was replaced with space for trucking company, and the number of apartments was reduced to 4,700.<ref name="Oser v465" /> Manhattan borough president [[Andrew Stein]] wanted the project to be further reduced to 3,700 apartments, which Varsavsky refused.<ref name="Newsday 1982" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Lake |first=Katharine |date=September 15, 1982 |title=On eve of vote, Stein says no to Lincoln West |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-on-eve-of-vote-stein-says-no/156887141/ |access-date=October 10, 2024 |work=Daily News |pages=103}}</ref> The engineering firm [[Tippetts Abbett McCarthy Stratton]] conducted a feasibility study of the proposed freight-rail center, finding that it was feasible to build it under Lincoln West,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Chadwick |first=Bruce |date=June 17, 1982 |title=Rail-Freight Center Study is Completed |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-rail-freight-center-study-is/156885631/ |access-date=October 10, 2024 |work=Daily News |pages=131}}</ref> though Varsavsky opposed the freight center.<ref name="p1445541521">{{cite magazine |last=Burggraf |first=Helen |date=August 13, 1982 |title=Plan For Housing Complex Riles Sa: Lincoln West : The Freight Debate |magazine=Women's Wear Daily |pages=1, 6–7 |volume=144 |issue=31 |id={{ProQuest|1445541521}}}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Chadwick |first=Bruce |date=1982-07-19 |title=Lincoln West planner flatly bars freight center |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-lincoln-west-planner-flatly-b/156935248/ |access-date=2024-10-11 |work=Daily News |pages=62}}</ref>

==== Approval, lawsuits, and modifications ====
The CPC approved the Lincoln West plans in July 1982,<ref name="p1445541521" /><ref>{{cite web |last=Purnick |first=Joyce |date=July 20, 1982 |title=Luxury Housing Given Approval by City Planners |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1982/07/20/nyregion/luxury-housing-given-approval-by-city-planners.html |access-date=October 10, 2024 |website=The New York Times |postscript=none}}; {{Cite news |last1=Toscano |first1=John |last2=Chadwick |first2=Bruce |date=July 20, 1982 |title=For Lincoln West, a major victory |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-for-lincoln-west-a-major-vic/156885434/ |access-date=October 10, 2024 |work=Daily News |pages=68, [https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-for-lincoln-west-a-major-vic/156885480/ 73]}}</ref> disregarding most of the opponents' objections to the project, although it asked the developers to reduce the project's size.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Fitzgerald |first1=Owen |last2=La Rosa |first2=Paul |date=1982-08-19 |title=For Lincoln West, today's the big day |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-for-lincoln-west-todays-the/156934496/ |access-date=2024-10-11 |work=Daily News |pages=130}}</ref> The [[New York City Board of Estimate]] also gave its approval that September.{{Sfn|Barrett|1992|p=298}}<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lake |first=Katharine |date=September 18, 1982 |title=Mull suit to best Lincoln West |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-mull-suit-to-best-lincoln-wes/156886284/ |access-date=October 10, 2024 |work=Daily News |pages=81}}</ref><ref name="Purnick1982">{{cite news |last=Purnick |first=Joyce |date=September 17, 1982 |title=Estimate Board Gives Approval to Lincoln West |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1982/09/17/nyregion/estimate-board-gives-approval-to-lincoln-west.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107074037/https://www.nytimes.com/1982/09/17/nyregion/estimate-board-gives-approval-to-lincoln-west.html |archive-date=November 7, 2020 |access-date=February 12, 2017 |work=The New York Times}}</ref> The plans called for 1,100 rental apartments (of which one-fifth would be affordable housing), in addition to 3,200 luxury co-ops or condos.<ref name="n156882985" /> In addition, the developers agreed to add several amenities such as a swimming pool, a park, and upgrades to two nearby subway stops.<ref>{{cite web |last=DePalma |first=Anthony |date=February 20, 1983 |title=Town Quandary: 20 Acres, Riv Vu |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1983/02/20/realestate/town-quandary-20-acres-riv-vu.html |access-date=October 11, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> Lincoln West Associates paid $13 million for the northern five blocks shortly after the plans were approved, and it paid $21.6 million that December for the southern eight blocks.<ref>{{cite web |date=December 9, 1982 |title=The City; Last Acres Bought For Lincoln West |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1982/12/09/nyregion/the-city-last-acres-bought-for-lincoln-west.html |access-date=October 10, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref>  The developers had planned to begin construction in April 1983,<ref name="Purnick1982" /> but the plans were delayed after Varsavsky's sudden death in early 1983.<ref name="Fowler j009">{{cite web |last=Fowler |first=Glenn |date=April 3, 1983 |title=Lincoln West Sponsor is Confident Despite Setback |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1983/04/03/realestate/lincoln-west-sponsor-is-confident-despite-setback.html |access-date=October 10, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> [[Francisco Macri]] took over Varsavsky's 65% interest in the project.<ref name="p397944656" />

Delays also arose from various lawsuits.<ref name="Fowler j009" /> Opponents sued in the [[New York Supreme Court]] in February 1983, alleging that the EIS had been done improperly.<ref>{{cite web |last=Dunlap |first=David W. |date=February 26, 1983 |title=Lincoln West Opponents Seek Ruling to Halt Plan |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1983/02/26/nyregion/lincoln-west-opponents-seek-ruling-to-halt-plan.html |access-date=October 10, 2024 |website=The New York Times |postscript=none}}; {{Cite news |last=La Rosa |first=Paul |date=February 25, 1983 |title=Lincoln West foes go to court today |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-lincoln-west-foes-go-to-court/156904153/ |access-date=October 10, 2024 |work=Daily News |pages=205}}</ref> The EIS was invalidated the next month,<ref>{{cite web |last=Purnick |first=Joyce |date=March 22, 1983 |title=New Impact Study Ordered For Lincoln West Complex |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1983/03/22/nyregion/new-impact-study-ordered-for-lincoln-west-complex.html |access-date=October 10, 2024 |website=The New York Times |postscript=none}}; {{Cite news |last=LaRosa |first=Paul |date=March 22, 1983 |title=Halts Lincoln West |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-halts-lincoln-west/156904263/ |access-date=October 10, 2024 |work=Daily News |pages=15}}</ref> though the city government successfully appealed the ruling.<ref>{{cite news |date=July 8, 1983 |title=Court Clears Way For Lincoln West |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1983/07/08/nyregion/the-city-court-clears-way-for-lincoln-west.html |access-date=October 10, 2024 |work=The New York Times |page=B.5 |issn=0362-4331 |postscript=none}}; {{Cite news |last=Rosenfeld |first=Neill S. |date=July 8, 1983 |title=Lincoln West Gets Court's OK |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-lincoln-west-gets-courts-ok/156906518/ |access-date=October 10, 2024 |work=Newsday |pages=19 |postscript=none}}; {{Cite news |last1=Giordano |first1=Mary Ann |last2=La Rosa |first2=Paul |date=July 8, 1983 |title=Lincoln West wins an appeal in court |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-lincoln-west-wins-an-appeal-i/156906546/ |access-date=October 10, 2024 |work=Daily News |pages=7}}</ref> The [[New York Court of Appeals]], the state's highest court, ruled in October 1983 that the EIS had been prepared properly.<ref>{{cite news |date=October 28, 1983 |title=Appeals Court Says Lincoln West Study Was Properly Made |work=The New York Times |page=B.6 |issn=0362-4331 |id={{ProQuest|424788925}} |postscript=none}}; {{Cite news |last=Rosenfeld |first=Neill S. |date=October 28, 1983 |title=Lincoln West Gets Court's Blessing |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-lincoln-west-gets-courts-blessi/156906729/ |access-date=October 10, 2024 |work=Newsday |pages=10}}</ref> In addition, [[Harry Helmsley]], who owned an option on a [[Superblock (urban planning)|superblock]] from 61st to 65th streets, sued the city and Lincoln West Associates, claiming that the city wanted to build three streets through his property.<ref>{{Cite news |last=La Rosa |first=Paul |date=September 8, 1983 |title=Helmsley suing city |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-helmsley-suing-city/156903542/ |access-date=October 10, 2024 |work=Daily News |pages=70}}</ref>

Though work had still not begun by early 1984, Lincoln West's developers were already revising the plans significantly, prompting its chairman to resign.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Anderson |first1=Susan Heller |last2=Bird |first2=David |date=March 28, 1984 |title=New York Day by Day; Changes at Lincoln West |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/03/28/nyregion/new-york-day-by-day-changes-at-lincoln-west.html |access-date=October 11, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> Additionally, in July 1984, [[Chase Manhattan Bank]] moved to foreclose on two mortgages that had been placed on the site.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Henry |first=John |date=July 20, 1984 |title=Begins foreclosure against Lincoln West |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-begins-foreclosure-against-li/156911194/ |access-date=October 11, 2024 |work=Daily News |pages=36 |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |date=July 21, 1984 |title=The City; Mortgage Dispute At Lincoln West |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/07/21/nyregion/the-city-mortgage-dispute-at-lincoln-west.html |access-date=October 11, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> The city government would have canceled the development if the street grid had not received final approval by that September,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Arena |first=Salvatore |date=August 18, 1984 |title=Map change deadline |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-map-change-deadline/156911986/ |access-date=October 11, 2024 |work=Daily News |pages=107}}</ref> but the Board of Estimate voted to extend the deadline by one month.<ref>{{cite web |last=Dunlap |first=David W. |date=September 14, 1984 |title=Lincoln West is Given More Time |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/09/14/nyregion/lincoln-west-is-given-more-time.html |access-date=October 11, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> That October, the Board of Estimate approved plans for Lincoln West's street grid and voted to give Lincoln West Associates four additional months to obtain financing.<ref>{{cite web |last=Rangel |first=Jesus |date=October 5, 1984 |title=Estimate Board Gives Extension to Lincoln West |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/10/05/nyregion/estimate-board-gives-extension-to-lincoln-west.html |access-date=October 11, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> By then, public officials doubted that Lincoln West would ever be completed, amid continued opposition to the project.<ref name="Dunlap s319">{{cite web |last=Dunlap |first=David W. |date=October 2, 1984 |title=Persistent Doubts Cloud the Future of the Lincoln West Proposal |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/10/02/nyregion/persistent-doubts-cloud-the-future-of-the-lincoln-west-proposal.html |access-date=October 11, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> Lincoln West Associates ultimately could not receive financing for the development, partly because of Macri's concessions to the city and partly because Trump was trying to retake control of the site.{{Sfn|Barrett|1992|pp=302–3}}

===Television City===
Trump negotiated to repurchase Lincoln West in mid-1984; he initially decided against it<ref name="Dunlap s319" /> but ultimately made an offer for the site that November.<ref>{{cite news |last=Lipman |first=Joanne |date=November 20, 1984 |title=Developer to Buy Site in Manhattan For $95 Million |work=The Wall Street Journal |page=1 |issn=0099-9660 |id={{ProQuest|397978205}} |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |last1=Anderson |first1=Susan Heller |last2=Dunlap |first2=David W. |date=November 21, 1984 |title=New York Day by Day; Lincoln West's Future |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/11/21/nyregion/new-york-day-by-day-lincoln-west-s-future.html |access-date=October 11, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> Trump announced in December 1984 that he would pay $95 million for the Lincoln West site;<ref name="n156910595">{{Cite news |date=1984-12-02 |title=Trump has pact to buy tract for $95 million |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/tarrytown-daily-news-trump-has-pact-to-b/156912210/ |access-date=2024-10-11 |work=Tarrytown Daily News |pages=14 |postscript=none}}; {{Cite news |last=Moritz |first=Owen |date=December 1, 1984 |title=Trump Buys Lincoln West |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-trump-buys-lincoln-west/156910595/ |access-date=October 11, 2024 |work=Daily News |pages=163 |postscript=none}}; {{cite news |last=Gottlieb |first=Martin |date=December 1, 1984 |title=Trump Set to Buy Lincoln West |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/12/01/nyregion/trump-set-to-but-lincoln-west-site.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201025020406/https://www.nytimes.com/1984/12/01/nyregion/trump-set-to-but-lincoln-west-site.html |archive-date=October 25, 2020 |access-date=February 12, 2017 |work=The New York Times}}</ref> this was part of a $115 million transaction that gave Trump control of the rail yard.<ref name="Kruse 2018" /> Under the agreement, Trump controlled 80% of the project, Elie Hirschfeld retained a 20% stake, and Francisco Macri gave up his interest in the project.<ref name="n156910595" /> Trump initially anticipated constructing towers as tall as 60 stories, rather than a variety of low-rise buildings, as Lincoln West Associates had been proposed.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Anderson |first1=Susan Heller |last2=Dunlap |first2=David W. |date=December 19, 1984 |title=New York Day by Day; A Hint of Trump's Vision Of the West Side's Future |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/12/19/nyregion/new-york-day-by-day-a-hint-of-trump-s-vision-of-the-west-side-s-future.html |access-date=October 11, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> He hired the Chicago–based architect [[Helmut Jahn]] in January 1985 to design the as-yet-unnamed development on the site.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Anderson |first1=Susan Heller |last2=Dunlap |first2=David W. |date=January 23, 1985 |title=New York Day by Day; an Architect is Named for Trump City |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1985/01/23/nyregion/new-york-day-by-day-an-architect-is-named-for-trump-city.html |access-date=October 11, 2024 |website=The New York Times |postscript=none}}; {{Cite news |last=Moritz |first=Owen |date=1985-01-31 |title=Battle over Fifth amendments |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-battle-over-fifth-amendments/156936750/ |access-date=2024-10-11 |work=Daily News |pages=202}}</ref> Trump, who called the Lincoln West tract "one of the best pieces of real estate in the country", contemplated erecting up to 8,000 apartments there.<ref>{{cite web |last=Lyons |first=Richard D. |date=September 22, 1985 |title=Developers Zero in on Columbus Circle |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1985/09/22/realestate/developers-zero-in-on-columbus-circle.html |access-date=October 11, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> He also wanted to build a [[supertall skyscraper]], following two unsuccessful approvals to build such a tower at the [[New York Coliseum]] site and on [[Wall Street]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Moritz |first=Owen |date=1985-11-18 |title=Trump deals ace: He'll scrape sky |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-trump-deals-ace-hell-scrape/156938622/ |access-date=2024-10-11 |work=Daily News |pages=252}}</ref>

==== Initial plan ====
[[File:Donald Trump with model of Television City.jpg|thumb|Trump standing beside a model of the proposed Television City in 1985]]In November 1985, Trump announced plans for the Television City complex, which would feature a television studio headquarters.<ref name="p397916067">{{cite news |last=Lipman |first=Joanne |date=19 Nov 1985 |title=Trump Plans Complex in Manhattan With TV Studios and 150-Story Tower |work=The Wall Street Journal |page=1 |issn=0099-9660 |id={{ProQuest|397916067}} |postscript=none}}; {{Cite news |last=Moritz |first=Owen |date=1985-11-19 |title=Tall order by Trump |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-tall-order-by-trump/156939325/ |access-date=2024-10-11 |work=Daily News |pages=389}}</ref><ref name="Goldberger 1985">{{cite news |last=Goldberger |first=Paul |date=November 19, 1985 |title=Trump Announces Plan to Construct World's Tallest Building |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1985/11/19/nyregion/trump-announces-plan-to-construct-world-s-tallest-building.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210112124732/https://www.nytimes.com/1985/11/19/nyregion/trump-announces-plan-to-construct-world-s-tallest-building.html |archive-date=January 12, 2021 |access-date=February 12, 2017 |newspaper=The New York Times}}</ref><ref name="p1014724717">{{cite magazine |date=Nov 25, 1985 |title=Programing: Donald Trump unveils plans for TV towers |magazine=Broadcasting |page=40 |volume=109 |issue=22 |id={{ProQuest|1014724717}}}}</ref> The plan involved 7,900 apartments, along with retail, office, and [[television studio]] space.<ref name="Goldberger 1985" /> A 150-story supertall tower would rise from the middle of the complex,<ref name="p397916067" /><ref name="Goldberger 1985" /> near 66th Street.<ref name="p1470054192">{{cite news |last=Holmberg |first=David |date=19 Nov 1985 |title=Tall Order: Trump's Plan for West Side: a Record 150-story Building |work=Newsday |page=1 |issn=2574-5298 |id={{ProQuest|1470054192}}}}</ref> The skyscraper would have included 750 hotel rooms and 60 floors of residences,<ref name="p285395018">{{cite news |last=Bernstein |first=Nina |date=March 25, 1987 |title=Trump He Plays for Keeps |work=Newsday |page=9 |issn=2574-5298 |id={{ProQuest|285395018}}}}</ref> and it would have been {{Convert|1670|ft}} tall, making it the [[world's tallest building]].<ref name="p397916067" /> Several other towers, each 72<ref name="Dixon p. 118">{{harvnb|Dixon|1993|ps=.|page=118}}</ref> or 76 stories high, would flank the 150-story tower,<ref name="Kruse 2018" /><ref name="Gottlieb r662" /><ref name="p1470054192" /> and there would be {{Convert|3.6|e6ft2}} of television studio space.<ref name="p397916067" /><ref name="p1014724717" /><ref name="p1470054192" /> In addition, the development would have 8,500 parking spaces,<ref name="n156943094">{{Cite news |last=Henry |first=John |date=1986-11-16 |title=New plan, old fight at Trump's TV City |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-new-plan-old-fight-at-trump/156943094/ |access-date=2024-10-11 |work=Daily News |pages=112}}</ref> {{Convert|40|acre|m2}} of parkland, and {{Convert|1.7|e6ft2|m2}} of retail space.<ref name="Gottlieb r662" /><ref name="p1438446482">{{cite magazine |last=Frostig |first=Richard |date=Dec 11, 1985 |title=New York Entertainment: Trump s Lofty Plan For TV City On West Side Has NBC Talking, But Neighbors Take A Dim View |magazine=Variety |pages=89, 126 |volume=321 |issue=7 |id={{ProQuest|1438446482}}}}</ref> Shortly after the plans were announced, Trump and the media company [[NBC]] discussed the possibility of relocating NBC's headquarters from [[Rockefeller Center]] to Television City.<ref name="p1438446482" /><ref name="p285350244" /><ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Abramson |first=Dan |date=Dec 7, 1985 |title=US News: NBC & Trump in preliminary development discussions |magazine=Screen International |page=16 |issue=526 |id={{ProQuest|963229015}}}}</ref> Trump met with other television networks as well, including [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]] and [[CBS]].<ref name="p1014724717" /><ref name="p285249189">{{cite news |last=Holmberg |first=David |date=2 Feb 1986 |title=Squaring Off Over Trump; Many Oppose TV City, But It's Not Unanimous |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-squaring-off-over-trump-many-op/156942925/ |access-date=2024-10-11 |work=Newsday |page= |pages=7, [https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-squaring-off-over-trump-many-op/156942949/ 29] |issn=2574-5298 |id={{ProQuest|285249189}}}}</ref> The urban planner [[Norman Levin]], who had formerly worked for Gruzen, was in charge of 20 separate teams who were working on the project.<ref name="p219114358" />

''Crain's New York'' called Trump's plan "the most ambitious development project ever in New York".<ref name="p219114358">{{cite magazine |last=Sommerfield |first=Frank |date=April 20, 1987 |title=They Deal for Donald |magazine=Crain's New York Business |page=1 |volume=3 |issue=16 |id={{ProQuest|219114358}}}}</ref> Goldberger wrote that Television City was "woefully simplistic" and that the towers' designs had only a tenuous relationship with the street grid.<ref>{{cite web |last=Goldberger |first=Paul |date=December 22, 1985 |title=Is Trump's Latest Proposal Just a Castle in the Air? |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1985/12/22/arts/photography-view-is-trump-s-latest-proposal-just-a-castle-in-the-air.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180702013029/https://www.nytimes.com/1985/12/22/arts/photography-view-is-trump-s-latest-proposal-just-a-castle-in-the-air.html |archive-date=July 2, 2018 |access-date=July 1, 2018 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> ''[[New York (magazine)|New York Magazine]]''{{'s}} architecture critic Carter Wiseman agreed, writing "isolated towers", such as those proposed in Television City, "survive in most of the world's major cities as reminders to planners that this brand of angst-inducing exclusivity is nasty to live with".<ref name="Wiseman 1986" /> Wiseman also said the development would cause overcrowding at the [[72nd Street station (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line)|72nd Street/Broadway]] station of the [[New York City Subway]].<ref name="Wiseman 1986">{{cite magazine |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qOcCAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA3|title=Donald Trump's Fantasy Island|last=Wiseman|first=Carter|magazine=New York Magazine|publisher=New York Media, LLC|page=3|language=en|access-date=July 1, 2018|date=January 20, 1986}}</ref> A writer for the ''New York Daily News'' described the buildings as "intimidating and psychologically disturbing, dwarfing everything that's human in scale".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Herbert |first=Bob |date=1985-11-21 |title=Trump overshadows the West Side... |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-trump-overshadows-the-west-si/156937360/ |access-date=2024-10-11 |work=Daily News |pages=589}}</ref>

The proposal needed both a new EIS and a public review,<ref name="Gottlieb r662" /><ref name="p1470054192" /> and Trump hired McKeown & Franz to conduct the EIS.<ref name="p285541417" /> As such, construction could not start until 1987; Trump predicted that it would take five years to complete.<ref name="p964137744">{{cite magazine |date=22 Nov 1985 |title=Trump Blows Hot For "Television City" Project |magazine=Back Stage |pages=5 |volume=26 |issue=47 |id={{ProQuest|964137744}}}}</ref> The project soon received large amounts of opposition.<ref name="p206705771">{{Cite magazine |last=Bressi |first=Todd W. |date=May 1995 |title=New York holds the trump card |work= Planning |page=4 |volume=61 |issue=5 |id={{Pq|206705771}}}}</ref> Local residents expressed skepticism to the project,<ref name="p964137744" /><ref>{{cite web |last=Saxon |first=Wolfgang |date=November 19, 1985 |title=West Siders Voice Concern on Plan |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1985/11/19/nyregion/west-siders-voice-concern-on-plan.html |access-date=October 11, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> citing its size and the fact that it targeted the upper middle class.<ref name="Goldberger e873">{{cite web |last=Goldberger |first=Paul |date=April 26, 1987 |title=Reinventing the City |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/04/26/magazine/reinventing-the-city.html |access-date=October 14, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> The Coalition Against Lincoln West called Television City "doubly excessive", dubbing it as even more extreme than the Lincoln West plan,<ref name="p285350244">{{cite news |last1=Kubasik |first1=Ben |last2=Scaduto |first2=Anthony |date=27 Nov 1985 |title=Inside New York |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-inside-new-york/156940584/ |access-date=2024-10-11 |work=Newsday |page=6 |issn=2574-5298 |id={{ProQuest|285350244}}}}</ref> while other opponents were specifically against the 150-story tower.<ref name="p285249189" /> Opponents ranged from small associations to the Westpride group,<ref name="p285541417" /> the latter of which enlisted notable neighborhood residents and raised hundreds of thousands of dollars to fund the effort.<ref name="Kruse 2018" /><ref>{{cite news |first=Thomas J. |last=Leuck |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/09/30/nyregion/celebrities-open-wallets-to-fight-trump-s-project.html |title=Celebrities Open Wallets to Fight Trump's Project |newspaper=The New York Times |date=September 30, 1987 |access-date=February 12, 2017 |archive-date=August 26, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180826112634/https://www.nytimes.com/1987/09/30/nyregion/celebrities-open-wallets-to-fight-trump-s-project.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Trump was initially reluctant to acquiesce to opponents' demands, fearing that doing so would endanger the development.<ref name="p219204209">{{cite magazine |last=Sommerfield |first=Frank |date=2 Nov 1987 |title=Trump's West Side Finesse: Developer Deals, Trades – a Bit – to Gain Approval for Television City |magazine=Crain's New York Business |page=15 |volume=3 |issue=44 |id={{ProQuest|219204209}}}}</ref> Trump tentatively agreed to sell [[Kumagai Gumi]] a 25% ownership stake in the development in 1986, but the agreement was rescinded due to disagreements over how much Kumagai Gumi was to pay.<ref name="n157084451">{{Cite news |last=Barsky |first=Neil |date=1987-11-08 |title=How Donald trumped self |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-how-donald-trumped-self/157084451/ |access-date=2024-10-14 |work=Daily News |pages=30}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Guenther |first=Robert |date=24 Dec 1986 |title=California Initiatives Dampen Outlook for Building Projects |work=The Wall Street Journal |page=1 |issn=0099-9660 |id={{ProQuest|398012209}}}}</ref>

==== Changes in plans ====
Even though Trump liked the original plans,<ref name="Goldberger e873" /> he ultimately decided to replace Jahn as Television City's master planner.<ref name="Kruse 2018" /><ref name="NYT 1986 v702" /> Jahn remained the architect for the proposed supertall tower.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Moritz |first=Owen |date=1986-07-03 |title=N.J. carries torch |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-nj-carries-torch/156943387/ |access-date=2024-10-11 |work=Daily News |pages=481}}</ref> In June 1986, he appointed [[Alex Cooper (architect)|Alexander Cooper]] as the site's new master planner;<ref name="NYT 1986 v702">{{cite web |last1=Anderson |first1=Susan Heller |last2=Dunlap |first2=David W. |date=June 25, 1986 |title=New York Day by Day; Architect for TV City |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1986/06/25/nyregion/new-york-day-by-day-architect-for-tv-city.html |access-date=October 11, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> ''Newsday'' described Cooper as having a "sensitivity to scale" that contrasted with Trump's bold style.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Henry |first=John |date=1986-11-16 |title=Low-key vs. high profile |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-low-key-vs-high-profile/156941429/ |access-date=2024-10-11 |work=Daily News |pages=112}}</ref> Trump and Cooper announced revised plans for Television City in October 1986.<ref name="Goldberger 1986" /><ref name="p285402983">{{cite news |last=Polsky |first=Carol |date=26 Oct 1986 |title=Trump's TV City Plan Called a Rerun |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-trumps-tv-city-plan-called-a-re/156943224/ |access-date=2024-10-11 |work=Newsday |page=19 |issn=2574-5298 |id={{ProQuest|285402983}}}}</ref> Cooper reduced the 150-story tower to 136 stories;<ref name="n156943094" /><ref name="p285402983" /><ref name="Dunlap 1989a">{{cite news |last=Dunlap |first=David W. |date=November 30, 1989 |title=Proposed West Side Project Attacked |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/11/30/nyregion/proposed-west-side-project-attacked.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180702181748/https://www.nytimes.com/1989/11/30/nyregion/proposed-west-side-project-attacked.html |archive-date=July 2, 2018 |access-date=July 2, 2018 |newspaper=The New York Times}}</ref> according to Cooper, the supertall tower would include less floor area than the [[Sears Tower]] or either of the [[World Trade Center (1973–2001)|World Trade Center]]'s twin towers.<ref name="p285395018" />  The modified project still contained roughly the same amount of space, including {{Convert|1.5|e6ft2|m2}} each of studio and retail space as well as 7,600 housing units. The six 72-story towers were replaced with slightly smaller, 45- to 57-story skyscrapers, which line one side of an avenue that would run north-south through most of the development.<ref name="p285402983" /><ref name="Dunlap 1989a" /> The plan included fewer parking spaces and more parkland as well.<ref name="n156943094" />

Cooper's version of Television City still received criticism.<ref name="n156943094" /><ref name="Dixon p. 118" /><ref name="Goldberger 1986">{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1986/10/24/nyregion/television-city-project-tempered-but-still-big.html|title=Television City Project: Tempered, but Still Big|last=Goldberger|first=Paul|date=October 24, 1986|website=The New York Times|access-date=July 1, 2018|archive-date=July 2, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180702012659/https://www.nytimes.com/1986/10/24/nyregion/television-city-project-tempered-but-still-big.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Peter Marcuse]] of Columbia University expressed doubts that the 150-story tower was economically feasible, and [[Kenneth Frampton]], also of Columbia, described the building as "a violent irrelevancy".<ref name="p285395018" /> By contrast, Goldberger described Cooper's design for the site as "vastly more sophisticated" than Jahn's plan,<ref>{{cite web |last=Goldberger |first=Paul |date=December 28, 1986 |title=Architecture View; Developers Learned Some Lessons and Cut Back |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1986/12/28/arts/architecture-view-developers-learned-some-lessons-and-cut-back.html |access-date=October 11, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> and he wrote that Trump's decision to hire Cooper may have been part of Trump's efforts to ingratiate himself with the local community.<ref name="Goldberger e873" />

By early 1987, Trump was negotiating to lease the entirety of the supertall skyscraper's office space to [[General Electric]] (GE), which at the time owned NBC.<ref>{{cite news |last=Bernstein |first=Nina |date=19 Feb 1987 |title=Trump Brings GE Plan to Light |work=Newsday |page=3 |issn=2574-5298 |id={{ProQuest|285445557}}}}</ref> Trump offered to sell the site to the [[New York State Urban Development Corporation]] and lease it back for 99 years.<ref name="Scardino k4772">{{cite web |last=Scardino |first=Albert |date=May 6, 1987 |title=Trump Offers to Sell Tract to Keep NBC in New York |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/05/06/nyregion/trump-offers-to-sell-tract-to-keep-nbc-in-new-york.html |access-date=October 14, 2024 |website=The New York Times |postscript=none}}; {{cite magazine |last=Sommerfield |first=Frank |date=18 May 1987 |title=How NBC Puts City in a Pickle |magazine=Crain's New York Business |page=1 |volume=3 |issue=20 |id={{ProQuest|219140721}}}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Polsky |first=Carol |date=7 May 1987 |title=Trump Pitches Plan To Sell Site for $1 |work=Newsday |page=43 |issn=2574-5298 |id={{ProQuest|277772647}}}}</ref> In exchange, Trump would have received a 20-year<ref name="Freedman e968">{{cite web |last=Freedman |first=Samuel G. |date=July 6, 1987 |title=Trump Feud: Barbs Show Deeper Split |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/07/06/nyregion/trump-feud-barbs-show-deeper-split.html |access-date=October 14, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref><ref name="p219140626">{{cite magazine |last=Malanga |first=Steve |date=Jun 15, 1987 |title=City to Koch: Don't Lose NBC: Poll Backs Trump on Tax Incentives |magazine=Crain's New York Business |page=1 |volume=3 |issue=24 |id={{ProQuest|219140626}}}}</ref> or 30-year [[tax abatement]] for Television City,<ref name="Scardino k4772" /> which would have been the highest-valued abatement ever granted in New York City.<ref name="Freedman e968" /> Trump also offered to give the city government a portion of Television City's profits.<ref name="Finder y124">{{cite web |last=Finder |first=Alan |date=June 1, 1987 |title=The Koch-Trump Feud; the Mayor's Political Fortunes and Television City Could Be Affected by NBC's Possible Relocation |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/06/01/nyregion/koch-trump-feud-mayor-s-political-fortunes-television-city-could-be-affected-nbc.html |access-date=October 14, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref><ref name="p398019569">{{cite news |last=Lowenstein |first=Roger |date=29 May 1987 |title=Trump Fails in Bid To Get Tax Breaks For New York Site |work=The Wall Street Journal |page=1 |issn=0099-9660 |id={{ProQuest|398019569}} |postscript=none}}; {{cite news |last=Murphy |first=William |date=2 Jun 1987 |title=City Says It Offered NBC Its Best Bond Deal Ever |work=Newsday |page=4 |issn=2574-5298 |id={{ProQuest|277871632}}}}</ref> Despite widespread public support for Trump's tax abatement,<ref name="p219140626" /> the city rejected Trump's proposal,<ref name="Finder y124" /><ref name="p398019569" /> and Mayor [[Ed Koch]] offered the tax breaks directly to NBC instead of to Trump.<ref name="Kruse 2018" /><ref name="Finder y124" /> Negotiations between Trump and Koch devolved into name-calling;<ref>{{cite news |last=Finder |first=Alan |date=June 1, 1987 |title=The Koch-Trump Feud; The Mayor's Political Fortunes and Television City Could be Affected by NBC's Possible Relocation |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/06/01/nyregion/koch-trump-feud-mayor-s-political-fortunes-television-city-could-be-affected-nbc.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101184540/https://www.nytimes.com/1987/06/01/nyregion/koch-trump-feud-mayor-s-political-fortunes-television-city-could-be-affected-nbc.html |archive-date=November 1, 2020 |access-date=June 1, 2018 |newspaper=The New York Times}}</ref> Trump called on Koch to resign, and Koch compared Trump to "a stuck pig".<ref name="n157084451" /><ref>{{cite web |last1=Douglas |first1=Carlyle C. |last2=Connelly |first2=Mary |date=May 31, 1987 |title=The Region; Koch, Trump Slug It Out |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/05/31/weekinreview/the-region-koch-trump-slug-it-out.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180702012936/https://www.nytimes.com/1987/05/31/weekinreview/the-region-koch-trump-slug-it-out.html |archive-date=July 2, 2018 |access-date=July 1, 2018 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> The plans called for 11 residential buildings, about {{Convert|2|e6ft2}} of office space, several parks, and a 152-story tower by mid-1987.<ref>{{cite news |last=Oser |first=Alan |date=May 10, 1987 |title=Huge Projects that Shape the Landscape of the City |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/05/10/realestate/huge-projects-that-shape-the-landscape-of-the-city.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180826130508/https://www.nytimes.com/1987/05/10/realestate/huge-projects-that-shape-the-landscape-of-the-city.html |archive-date=August 26, 2018 |access-date=February 12, 2017 |work=The New York Times}}</ref> The department store chain [[Bloomingdale's]] negotiated to lease space in Television City as well.<ref>{{cite web |last=Barmash |first=Isadore |date=October 3, 1986 |title=Bendel Sets Move to 5th Ave. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1986/10/03/business/bendel-sets-move-to-5th-ave.html |access-date=October 12, 2024 |website=The New York Times |postscript=none}}; {{Cite news |last=Adams |first=Anne L. |date=1986-09-30 |title=Out of site, out of mind |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-out-of-site-out-of-mind/156998814/ |access-date=2024-10-12 |work=Daily News |pages=197, [https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-adams-co/156998844/ 206]}}</ref>  

The project continued to face major opposition;<ref name="p206705771" /> for example, Westpride raised over $20,000 at a late-1987 fundraiser opposing Television City.<ref>{{cite news |last=Mangaliman |first=Jessie |date=2 Oct 1987 |title=Manhattan Neighborhoods Manhattan Closeup Westpride Wants to Shrink Tv City |work=Newsday |page=30 |issn=2574-5298 |id={{ProQuest|277783946}} |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |last=Lueck |first=Thomas J. |date=September 30, 1987 |title=Celebrities Open Wallets to Fight Trump's Project |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/09/30/nyregion/celebrities-open-wallets-to-fight-trump-s-project.html |access-date=October 14, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> Trump indicated that September that he wanted to sell NBC part of the Television City parcel for $20 million,<ref>{{cite news |last=Selvin |first=Barbara W. |date=19 Sep 1987 |title=NBC Deal Said To Be Likely |work=Newsday |page=6 |issn=2574-5298 |id={{ProQuest|277858184}} |postscript=none}}; {{Cite news |last=Barsky |first=Neil |date=1987-09-18 |title=NBC almost Trumped |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-nbc-almost-trumped/157115152/ |access-date=2024-10-14 |work=Daily News |pages=38}}</ref> and he also tried to entice [[financial services]] firms to move there.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Barsky |first=Neil |date=1987-09-29 |title=TV city or not TV City, that is Don's question |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-tv-city-or-not-tv-city-that/157115065/ |access-date=2024-10-14 |work=Daily News |pages=203}}</ref> The Trump Organization also conducted a new EIS to appease opponents' concerns about Television City.<ref>{{cite web |last=Lueck |first=Thomas J. |date=September 22, 1987 |title=Opponents Seek Draft of Reports On Trump Plan |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/09/22/nyregion/opponents-seek-draft-of-reports-on-trump-plan.html |access-date=October 14, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> The new EIS, published in October 1987, found that the development would cast shadows on the neighborhood, overload local transportation infrastructure, and interfere with television broadcasts.<ref>{{cite news |last=Polsky |first=Carol |date=6 Oct 1987 |title=Latest Static: Trump's TV City Could Hurt Picture on City TV |work=Newsday |page=5 |issn=2574-5298 |id={{ProQuest|277858129}} |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |last=Lueck |first=Thomas J. |date=October 7, 1987 |title=Trump Study Sees TV City As Disruptive |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/10/07/nyregion/trump-study-sees-tv-city-as-disruptive.html |access-date=October 14, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> A local group known as the Parks Council commissioned a scale model of Television City, showing the shadows that the development would create.<ref name="p206705771" /><ref>{{cite news |last=Ladd |first=Scott |date=10 Dec 1987 |title=Manhattan Neighborhoods Manhattan Closeup Model Shows Effects of More Skyscrapers |work=Newsday |page=37 |issn=2574-5298 |id={{ProQuest|277922087}} |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |last=Roberts |first=Sam |date=December 7, 1987 |title=Metro Matters; As Towers Rise, A Slow Fade-Out Of Sun and Sky |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/12/07/nyregion/metro-matters-as-towers-rise-a-slow-fade-out-of-sun-and-sky.html |access-date=October 14, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref>

==== Renaming and further revisions ====
At the end of October 1987, NBC decided against moving to Television City,<ref name="n157084451" /><ref>{{cite magazine |last=Sommerfield |first=Frank |date=9 Nov 1987 |title=Landlords Won't Give NBC the Moon – Yet |magazine=Crain's New York Business |page=1 |volume=3 |issue=45 |id={{ProQuest|219159881}} |postscript=none}}; {{cite news |last=Leuck |first=Thomas J. |date=October 31, 1987 |title=NBC Will Not Move to Television City; West Side Opposition Cited — 5 Jersey Sites Considered |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/10/31/arts/nbc-will-not-move-to-television-city.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180826124444/https://www.nytimes.com/1987/10/31/arts/nbc-will-not-move-to-television-city.html |archive-date=August 26, 2018 |access-date=February 12, 2017 |newspaper=The New York Times}}</ref><ref name="p135267777">{{cite news |last=Lowenstein |first=Roger |date=2 Nov 1987 |title=Trump, NBC Drop Proposal On Firm's Move |work=The Wall Street Journal |page=32 |issn=0099-9660 |id={{ProQuest|135267777}}}}</ref> even as Trump Organization officials claimed that the EIS was close to being approved.<ref name="p219204209" /> ''Politico'' reporter Michael Kruse wrote that the CPC likely would never have approved Trump City,<ref name="Kruse 2018" /> though [[David W. Dunlap]] of ''The New York Times'' wrote that much of the project might have indeed been approved.<ref name="Dunlap 1989b">{{cite news |last=Dunlap |first=David W. |date=June 28, 1989 |title=Trump Offers Unusual Plan To Use 'Underwater Zoning' |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/06/28/nyregion/trump-offers-unusual-plan-to-use-underwater-zoning.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200917063923/https://www.nytimes.com/1989/06/28/nyregion/trump-offers-unusual-plan-to-use-underwater-zoning.html |archive-date=September 17, 2020 |access-date=July 2, 2018 |newspaper=The New York Times}}</ref> Afterward, Trump initially planned to replace the television studio with a park or movie theater, even while preserving other aspects of the plans.<ref name="p135267777" /> In February 1988, Trump announced a revised plan for the project, which was renamed Trump City. The TV studio space was replaced with parkland, two small office buildings were added, and 760 of the apartments were designated as affordable housing for the elderly.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Fleming |first1=Michael |last2=Freifeld |first2=Karen |last3=Mulcahy |first3=Susan |date=4 Feb 1988 |title=Inside New York |work=Newsday |page=6 |issn=2574-5298 |id={{ProQuest|277927287}} |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |last=Butterfield |first=Fox |date=February 11, 1988 |title=Trump Revises Project for West Side |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/02/11/nyregion/trump-revises-project-for-west-side.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180702035452/https://www.nytimes.com/1988/02/11/nyregion/trump-revises-project-for-west-side.html |archive-date=July 2, 2018 |access-date=July 1, 2018 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> The 150-story tower was retained, and there were to be 13 smaller towers.<ref name="p307174822">{{cite news |last=Rosen |first=Barbara |date=26 Aug 1989 |title=In New York, the Sky's Not the Limit; Complex Air-Rights Deals Help Developers Circumvent |newspaper=The Washington Post |page=E02 |issn=0190-8286 |id={{ProQuest|307174822}}}}</ref> Goldberger wrote that Trump had added the affordable housing units to increase the likelihood of getting community approval,<ref>{{cite web |last=Goldberger |first=Paul |date=January 31, 1988 |title=Architecture View; Trump: Symbol of a Gaudy, Impatient Time |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/01/31/arts/architecture-view-trump-symbol-of-a-gaudy-impatient-time.html |access-date=October 14, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> a sentiment shared by the project's opponents.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1988-02-04 |title=Trump City? So, What's in a Name? |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-nassau-edition-trump-city-so/157122776/ |access-date=2024-10-14 |work=Newsday |pages=180}}</ref> By October 1988, there was speculation that Trump might sell the site.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Berkowitz |first1=Harry |last2=Selvin |first2=Barbara W. |date=13 Oct 1988 |title=Trump City Not For Sale – Yet; Potential buyers talking |work=Newsday |page=3 |issn=2574-5298 |id={{ProQuest|278054874}} |postscript=none}}; {{cite news |last=Lowenstein |first=Roger |date=12 Oct 1988 |title=Trump May Sell 76-Acre Manhattan Site Of 'Tallest Building' Plan, Sources Say |work=The Wall Street Journal |page=B17 |issn=0099-9660 |id={{ProQuest|135311432}} |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |last=Lueck |first=Thomas J. |date=October 13, 1988 |title=Trump City Site May Be Sold, Developer Says |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/10/13/nyregion/trump-city-site-may-be-sold-developer-says.html |access-date=October 14, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> Despite receiving five offers, all for hundreds of millions of dollars,<ref>{{cite web |last=Barron |first=James |date=October 18, 1988 |title=Trump to Sell The St. Moritz At Big Profit |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/10/18/nyregion/trump-to-sell-the-st-moritz-at-big-profit.html |access-date=October 14, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> Trump ultimately decided to keep the site.<ref>{{cite news |last=Lowenstein |first=Roger |date=22 Dec 1988 |title=Trump Will Keep Site in Manhattan, Plans Development |work=The Wall Street Journal |page=1 |issn=0099-9660 |id={{ProQuest|398128998}} |postscript=none}}; {{Cite news |date=1988-12-23 |title=Trump plans to keep Television City land |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-journal-news-trump-plans-to-keep-tel/157120508/ |access-date=2024-10-14 |work=The Journal News |pages=42}}</ref><ref name="n157123533">{{Cite news |last=Kovaleski |first=Serge |date=1988-12-22 |title=Trump standing tall on West Side |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-trump-standing-tall-on-west-s/157123533/ |access-date=2024-10-14 |work=Daily News |pages=7}}</ref> 

Westpride, which had 4,200 members at the end of 1988, continued to fight Trump City,<ref name="n157123533" /><ref>{{cite web |last=Waite |first=Thomas L. |date=November 13, 1988 |title=Postings; Upper West Side Story: No Rest for the Wary |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/11/13/realestate/postings-upper-west-side-story-no-rest-for-the-wary.html |access-date=October 14, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> and local civic groups promised to sue the city government if Trump City were approved.<ref>{{cite web |last=Lueck |first=Thomas J. |date=September 30, 1989 |title=Metrotech Agrees to Pay $2 Million to Aid Tenants |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/09/30/nyregion/metrotech-agrees-to-pay-2-million-to-aid-tenants.html |access-date=October 15, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> Community Board 7 and the [[Municipal Art Society]] jointly sponsored a study that recommended extending Riverside Park and the Manhattan street grid through the site.<ref>{{cite news |first=David W. |last=Dunlap |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/03/24/nyregion/development-changes-urged-for-west-side.html |title=Development Changes Urged for the West Side |newspaper=The New York Times |date=March 24, 1989 |access-date=July 5, 2018 |archive-date=July 5, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180705233242/https://www.nytimes.com/1989/03/24/nyregion/development-changes-urged-for-west-side.html |url-status=live}}</ref> To increase the development's floor area by {{Convert|4.5|e6ft2}},<ref>{{cite web |last=Dunlap |first=David W. |date=February 25, 1996 |title=Lawyers Who Mold The Shape of a City |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/02/25/realestate/lawyers-who-mold-the-shape-of-a-city.html |access-date=October 21, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> Trump suggested transferring air rights from a {{convert|19|acre|adj=on}} tract under the Hudson River to the rest of Trump City.<ref name="Dunlap 1989b" /><ref name="p307174822" /><ref name="p278116515">{{cite news |last=Moss |first=Michael |date=25 June 1989 |title=Long Fight Looms Over Trump Digs |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday/141402243/ |access-date=2024-10-14 |work=Newsday |page= |pages=5, [https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday/141402124/ 29] |issn=2574-5298 |id={{ProQuest|278116515}}}}</ref> Further delays arose in 1989 when the city government investigated complaints that the Trump Organization was relocating possibly-contaminated dirt from Trump City to [[Fresh Kills Landfill]].<ref name="p278116515" /> Trump alleged that Koch's administration was delaying the review of the project's EIS.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Selvin |first=Barbara |date=1989-12-28 |title=A Last Slap at Trump? |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-a-last-slap-at-trump/157124140/ |access-date=2024-10-14 |work=Newsday |pages=56 |postscript=none}}; {{cite magazine |last=Breznick |first=Alan |date=Jan 15, 1990 |title=Key Developers Beat Certification Clock |magazine=Crain's New York Business |page=3 |volume=6 |issue=3 |id={{ProQuest|219152429}}}}</ref> In early 1990, Trump submitted a draft EIS to the [[New York City Council]],<ref>{{cite web |last=Purdum |first=Todd S. |date=March 12, 1990 |title=New Land Panel Has Trouble Gearing Up |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/03/12/nyregion/new-land-panel-has-trouble-gearing-up.html |access-date=October 15, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> which called for the structures to be built in several phases.<ref name="p1834878796" /> Trump had spent nearly $200 million to date, even though construction had not started.<ref name="p1834878796" /> [[Chase Manhattan Bank]], which had given Trump a mortgage loan on the site, expressed concerns that the loan could not be repaid,<ref>{{cite news |date=6 May 1990 |title=The Trump Shuffle He's trying to sell assets to become king of cash, but the kingdom could be smaller than he imagined |work=Newsday |page=76 |issn=2574-5298 |id={{ProQuest|278249830}} |postscript=none}}; {{cite news |last=Dorfman |first=Dan |date=30 Apr 1990 |title=Trump insists 'I'm not in a cash bind' |work=USA Today |page=01B |id={{ProQuest|306310838}}}}</ref> and Trump was paying tens of millions of dollars a year just to maintain the site.<ref name="p206705771" /><ref name="p1834878796" /> 

Local civic groups filed a lawsuit in June 1990 to prevent the city government from rezoning the 60th Street Yard for the Trump City development.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1990-06-22 |title=City Is Sued Over Trump City Zoning |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-city-is-sued-over-trump-city-zon/157216847/ |access-date=2024-10-16 |work=Newsday |pages=70}}</ref> The project was still opposed by groups such as the [[American Institute of Architects]],<ref>{{cite news |last=Berkowitz |first=Harry |date=28 Jul 1990 |title=Architects Level Donald's Plans |work=Newsday |page= |issn=2574-5298 |id={{ProQuest|278213719}}}}</ref> and local politicians called on the city government to buy the site from Trump.<ref>{{cite web |last=Buder |first=Leonard |date=July 12, 1990 |title=New York City Is Urged to Buy Big Trump Site |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/07/12/nyregion/new-york-city-is-urged-to-buy-big-trump-site.html |access-date=October 16, 2024 |website=The New York Times |postscript=none}}; {{Cite news |last=Kirtzman |first=Andrew |date=1990-07-12 |title=They'd like to park Don's Trump City |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-theyd-like-to-park-dons-tru/157217398/ |access-date=2024-10-16 |work=Daily News |pages=238}}</ref> Goldberger wrote that Trump City had turned into "a national symbol both of massive, overreaching development and of diehard community opposition to it".<ref name="Goldberger 1990" /> In response, Trump hired an advertiser to promote the development to residents in the [[New York metropolitan area]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Enrico |first=Dottie |date=1990-07-10 |title=Trump City Hires Black-Owned Ad Agency |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-trump-city-hires-black-owned-ad/157273577/ |access-date=2024-10-16 |work=Newsday |page=41 |language=en-US}}</ref> By that August, Trump had submitted three scaled-down plans for the site to the CPC.<ref>{{cite news |last=Berkowitz |first=Harry |date=6 Aug 1990 |title=Potholes and Detours Dot the Road to Trump City Scaling down the project may be the only way to get it built |work=Newsday |page= |issn=2574-5298 |id={{ProQuest|278213905}}}}</ref> In November 1990, a New York Supreme Court judge invalidated zoning permits that the CPC had granted to Trump City,<ref>{{cite web |last=Lueck |first=Thomas J. |date=November 28, 1990 |title=Zoning Law Ruling to Delay 6 Large Real-Estate Projects |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/11/28/nyregion/zoning-law-ruling-to-delay-6-large-real-estate-projects.html |access-date=October 16, 2024 |website=The New York Times |postscript=none}}; {{Cite news |last=Powell |first=Michael |date=1990-11-27 |title=Zoning Permits Invalid |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-zoning-permits-invalid/157217913/ |access-date=2024-10-16 |work=Newsday |pages=6, [https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-zoning-permits-invalid/157217942/ 33]}}</ref> although the proposal was still undergoing public review as late as February 1991.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sommerfield |first=Frank |date=1991-02-18 |title=Tale of Trump Cities |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-tale-of-trump-cities/157273961/ |access-date=2024-10-17 |website=Daily News |page=113 |language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Manhattan West and ABC proposals ===
In 1985, the developer [[Daniel Brodsky]] acquired the land just east of the yard between 61st and 64th streets.<ref name="Roberts w854">{{cite web |last=Roberts |first=Sam |date=October 25, 1990 |title=Metro Matters; Project Is Caught In a Crossfire Meant for Trump |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/10/25/nyregion/metro-matters-project-is-caught-in-a-crossfire-meant-for-trump.html |access-date=October 14, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> He proposed a development known as Manhattan West, which initially called for 1,375 apartments,<ref name="p277921089" /> and he also wanted NBC to relocate to the site.<ref>{{cite web |last=Meislin |first=Richard J. |date=November 16, 1985 |title=NBC Plans a Move From RCA Building |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1985/11/16/us/nbc-plans-a-move-from-rca-building.html |access-date=October 14, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> By 1987, his plans called for 1,200 affordable and luxury apartments across more than {{Convert|1|e6ft2}}, in addition to {{Convert|2.5|acre}} of parkland.<ref name="p277921089">{{cite news |last=Polsky |first=Carol |date=11 Sep 1987 |title=TV City's Neighbor Gets Bit of Attention |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-tv-citys-neighbor-gets-bit-of-a/157114996/ |access-date=2024-10-14 |work=Newsday |page=28 |issn=2574-5298 |id={{ProQuest|277921089}}}}</ref><ref name="Dunlap z895">{{cite web |last=Dunlap |first=David W. |date=November 30, 1989 |title=Proposed West Side Project Attacked |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/11/30/nyregion/proposed-west-side-project-attacked.html |access-date=October 14, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> The apartments would have been located in an L-shaped building with several roofs measuring up to 39 stories high, as well as 28-story building to the south.<ref name="Dunlap z895" /> The CPC forced Manhattan West to conform to Television City's site plan, which included a block-wide park between 63rd and 64th streets extending east to West End Avenue.<ref name="Dunlap 1989a" /><ref>Jerold S. Kagan, The New York City Department of City Planning, and the Municipal Art Society of New York, [https://apops.mas.org/pops/727/ "Privately Owned Public Space: The New York City Experience,"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180702204335/https://apops.mas.org/pops/727/|date=July 2, 2018}} John Wiley & Sons, 2000.</ref> A new version of the plan, with 1,000 apartments and only {{Convert|600000|ft2}}, was proposed in 1989.<ref name="Dunlap z895" /> The Board of Estimate approved the revision in February 1990,<ref name="Roberts w854" /> and work on Manhattan West began in 1994.<ref>{{cite web |date=March 27, 1994 |title=Postings: 1,000 Apartments; West Side Housing |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1994/03/27/realestate/postings-1000-apartments-west-side-housing.html |access-date=October 17, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Henry |first=David |date=16 Feb 1994 |title=Trumping Donald Understated builder gets the jump |work=Newsday |page=37 |issn=2574-5298 |id={{ProQuest|278725848}}}}</ref> 

Meanwhile, Brodsky had sold off the northernmost {{Convert|2|acre}} of the Manhattan West site to [[Capital Cities/ABC]] in 1986.<ref name="Oser o123">{{cite web |last=Oser |first=Alan S. |date=August 16, 1992 |title=Perspectives: West Side Development; Capital Cities/ABC Plans New Studios |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/08/16/realestate/perspectives-west-side-development-capital-cities-abc-plans-new-studios.html |access-date=October 17, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> By the 1990s, Capital Cities/ABC was planning to erect three 39-story residential buildings and several television studios.<ref name="Dunlap q540">{{cite web |last=Dunlap |first=David W. |date=February 16, 1992 |title=Plan Readied for a Smaller Trump City |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/02/16/realestate/plan-readied-for-a-smaller-trump-city.html |access-date=October 17, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref><ref name="p278574922">{{cite news |last=Gordy |first=Molly |date=6 Jan 1993 |title=As Easy as ABC? Network seeks city's OK to build TV studios, apartments |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-as-easy-as-abc-network-seeks-ci/157309066/ |access-date=2024-10-17 |work=Newsday |page=23 |issn=2574-5298 |id={{ProQuest|278574922}}}}</ref> The residential buildings, with a combined 930 units, would have been located from 64th to 65th streets, while the studios would have been located to the north.<ref name="Oser o123" /> Capital Cities/ABC's proposal was submitted for public review in 1992,<ref name="Oser o123" /> but Community Board 7 rejected the original plans.<ref name="Dunlap q481">{{cite web |last=Dunlap |first=David W. |date=March 28, 1993 |title=TV Industry Scrambles for Studio Space |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/03/28/realestate/tv-industry-scrambles-for-studio-space.html |access-date=October 17, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Gordy |first=Molly |date=7 Jan 1993 |title=Board Rejects ABC Project |work=Newsday |page=94 |issn=2574-5298 |id={{ProQuest|278578446}}}}</ref> Capital Cities/ABC then canceled one of the towers and downsized the project to 500 apartments.<ref name="Dunlap q481" />

== Riverside South{{anchor|Progress|Construction}} ==

=== Civic organization proposal ===

==== Initial plan ====
[[File:Riverside Park Pier I.jpg|thumb|Riverside Park Pier I]]
At the end of 1989, six civic organizations—the [[Municipal Art Society]], [[Natural Resources Defense Council]], New Yorkers for Parks, [[Regional Plan Association]], [[Riverside Park (Manhattan)#Riverside Park Fund|Riverside Park Fund]], and Westpride—proposed an alternative plan for the site,<ref>{{cite news |last=Dunlap |first=David W. |date=December 3, 1989 |title=Groups Propose Park at Highway |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/12/03/nyregion/groups-propose-park-at-highway.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615024911/https://www.nytimes.com/1989/12/03/nyregion/groups-propose-park-at-highway.html |archive-date=June 15, 2018 |access-date=May 25, 2018 |work=The New York Times}}</ref> devised by the engineer Daniel Gutman and the architect Paul Willen.<ref name="Goldberger 1990">{{cite news |first=Paul |last=Goldberger |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/07/01/arts/architecture-view-another-chance-for-a-prime-piece-of-real-estate.html |title=Another Chance for a Prime Piece of Real Estate |work=The New York Times |date=July 1, 1990 |access-date=February 12, 2017 |archive-date=August 26, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180826130505/https://www.nytimes.com/1990/07/01/arts/architecture-view-another-chance-for-a-prime-piece-of-real-estate.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Dixon p. 118" /> The plans called for residential project of {{convert|7.3|e6sqft|m2}}.<ref name="Goldberger 1990" /><ref name="p278320056">{{cite news |last=Berkowitz |first=Harry |date=6 Mar 1991 |title=Trump's Foes Now Sing Praises |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday/141406451/ |access-date=2024-10-16 |work=Newsday |page=4 |issn=2574-5298 |id={{ProQuest|278320056}} |postscript=none}}; {{cite news |last=Barsky |first=Neil |date=6 Mar 1991 |title=Trump Trims Plan For Development Of Manhattan Site |work=The Wall Street Journal |page=A2 |issn=0099-9660 |id={{ProQuest|398235078}} |postscript=none}}; {{cite news |last=Purdum |first=Todd S. |date=March 6, 1991 |title=Trump Revises Project Plan for West Side |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/03/06/nyregion/trump-revises-project-plan-for-west-side.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210123115756/https://www.nytimes.com/1991/03/06/nyregion/trump-revises-project-plan-for-west-side.html |archive-date=January 23, 2021 |access-date=February 12, 2017 |work=The New York Times}}</ref><ref name="Dixon p. 119">{{harvnb|Dixon|1993|ps=.|page=119}}</ref> The [[West Side Highway]] would be relocated underground to make room for a {{convert|23|acre|sing=on}} expansion of Riverside Park,<ref name="Dixon p. 119" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Selvin |first=Barbara |date=1989-11-30 |title=Move the West Side Hwy? Civic Groups Float Plans for Trump City |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-move-the-west-side-hwy-civic-gr/94664124/ |access-date=2024-10-14 |work=Newsday |pages=69 |postscript=none}}; {{Cite news |last=Saunders |first=D.J. |date=1989-12-01 |title=West Side Story from 3 groups |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-west-side-story-from-3-groups/157121612/ |access-date=2024-10-14 |work=Daily News |pages=117}}</ref><ref name="n157274039">{{cite web |date=March 6, 1991 |title=Trump's latest building won't tower over West Side, after all |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-daily-times-trumps-latest-building/157274039/ |access-date=October 17, 2024 |website=The Daily Times |page=6}}</ref> and a new [[Riverside Drive (Manhattan)#Riverside South extension|Riverside Boulevard]] would run above the relocated highway.<ref name="McKinley o024">{{cite web |last=McKinley |first=James C. Jr. |date=November 24, 1992 |title=Trump Development Plan To Drop Giant TV Studio |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/11/24/nyregion/trump-development-plan-to-drop-giant-tv-studio.html |access-date=October 6, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> Trump was negotiating with these civic groups by the beginning of 1991,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Berkowitz |first1=Harry |last2=Silverman |first2=Edward R. |date=19 Feb 1991 |title=Trump Drops New Jersey Deal |work=Newsday |page=6 |issn=2574-5298 |id={{ProQuest|278325749}} |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |last=Finder |first=Alan |date=February 9, 1991 |title=Trump Is Involved in Talks About a Smaller Trump City |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/02/09/nyregion/trump-is-involved-in-talks-about-a-smaller-trump-city.html |access-date=October 16, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> and he formally abandoned plans for Trump City in March 1991.<ref name="p278320056" /><ref name="n157274039" /><ref name="Dixon p. 120">{{harvnb|Dixon|1993|ps=.|page=120}}</ref> The project was to have {{Convert|8.3|e6ft2}} of space in total.<ref name="Dixon p. 120" /><ref name="Purdum u736">{{cite web |last=Purdum |first=Todd S. |date=March 6, 1991 |title=Trump Revises Project Plan For West Side |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/03/06/nyregion/trump-revises-project-plan-for-west-side.html |access-date=October 17, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref><ref name="p219127782">{{cite magazine |last=Grant |first=Peter |date=Jul 13, 1992 |title=Trump Site Targeting Below-Market Housing |magazine=Crain's New York Business |page=1 |volume=8 |issue=28 |id={{ProQuest|219127782}}}}</ref> These plans called for 5,500 apartments<ref name="n157274039" /><ref name="Purdum u736" /> and up to {{Convert|1.8|e6ft2}} for television studios.<ref name="n157274039" /><ref name="Dixon p. 120" /> In addition, four artists were hired to design the complex's public spaces.<ref name="Dixon p. 120" /> Goldberger referred to Trump's abandonment of the Trump City plans as a "miracle".<ref>{{cite web |last=Goldberger |first=Paul |date=May 24, 1992 |title=Architecture View; Some Welcome Fiddling With Landmarks |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/05/24/arts/architecture-view-some-welcome-fiddling-with-landmarks.html |access-date=October 17, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref>

Trump and the civic groups formed the Riverside South Planning Corporation (RSPC) to develop the project, which they called Riverside South.<ref name="Kruse 2018" /><ref name="p206705771" /><ref name="Dunlap 1991">{{cite web |last=Dunlap |first=David W. |date=April 14, 1991 |title=Trump and Civic Groups Team Up to Oversee Big Riverside Project |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/04/14/nyregion/trump-and-civic-groups-team-up-to-oversee-big-riverside-project.html |access-date=October 17, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> Chase Manhattan Bank, which still held more than $200 million in mortgages on the site, initially paid all of RSPC's expenses.<ref name="p278506690">{{cite news |last=Fee |first=Walter |date=18 May 1992 |title=Trump Banks On City, State Boost |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-trump-banks-on-city-state-boost/157301564/ |access-date=2024-10-17 |work=Newsday |page=25 |issn=2574-5298 |id={{ProQuest|278506690}}}}</ref> In April 1991, the RSPC hired [[David Childs]] of [[SOM (architectural firm)|SOM]], along with Paul Willen, to oversee Riverside South's design.<ref name="Dunlap 1991" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Berkowitz |first=Harry |date=1991-04-13 |title=Trump City Project Gets Architect, Peacemaker |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-trump-city-project-gets-architec/157275798/ |access-date=2024-10-17 |work=Newsday |language=en-US |issn=2574-5298}}</ref> A group of planners and architects, appointed by Manhattan borough president [[Ruth Messinger]], recommended that the plans be downsized even further.<ref>{{cite news |last=Wright |first=Chapin |date=1 Jul 1991 |title=Panel Suggests Scale-down Of Trump Riverside Plan |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-panel-suggests-scale-down-of-tru/157276638/ |access-date=2024-10-16 |work=Newsday |page=61 |issn=2574-5298 |id={{ProQuest|278399891}} |postscript=none}}; {{Cite web |last=Moritz |first=Owen |date=1991-07-05 |title=Trump City alive & foes are kicking |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-trump-city-alive-foes-are-k/157276441/ |access-date=2024-10-17 |work=New York Daily News |language=en-US |issn=2692-1251}}</ref> The RSPC unveiled a scale model of its proposal in August 1991, which called for several curved towers of up to 50 stories high.<ref name="Goldberger 1991">{{cite web |last=Goldberger |first=Paul |date=August 11, 1991 |title=Lower Skyline, Higher Aspirations |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/08/11/arts/lower-skyline-higher-aspirations.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180702012918/https://www.nytimes.com/1991/08/11/arts/lower-skyline-higher-aspirations.html |archive-date=July 2, 2018 |access-date=July 1, 2018 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> By early 1992, RSPC chairman Richard Kahan said the tallest residential buildings would be 40 stories and be clustered at either end of the site.<ref name="Dunlap q540" /> There were to be 16 residential towers and two office towers.<ref>{{cite web |last=Dunlap |first=David W. |date=May 24, 1992 |title=A Blueprint of the Future Along the Hudson River |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/05/24/nyregion/a-blueprint-of-the-future-along-the-hudson-river.html |access-date=October 17, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> Both the city and state governments of New York endorsed the project, even though Trump had not pledged funds to improve nearby subway stations, as local residents had requested.<ref name="p278506690" /> Trump also did not want to add affordable housing units, saying it would be unprofitable to do so.<ref name="p219127782" />

==== Approval process and objections ====
{{external media
| width  = 325px
| float  = right
| image1 = [https://www.google.com/maps/@40.7741465,-73.9924371,3a,75y,47.78h,89.02t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sxdzb1lkvzVwxolFTYu_aWw!2e0!5s20110701T000000!7i13312!8i6656 Highway and northbound tunnel entrance from Google Maps Street View]
| image2 = [https://web.archive.org/web/20170114171136/http://landarchs.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/Untitled1.gif Riverside Park South without and with existing highway.]
| image3 = [http://s3.amazonaws.com/tbany/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/TBA_RiversideSouthOpenSpaceMasterPlan-NY-NY_InterimPlan.jpg Riverside Park South Interim Plan.]
| image4 = [http://s3.amazonaws.com/tbany/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/TBA_RiversideSouthOpenSpaceMasterPlan-NY-NY_FinalPlan.jpg Riverside Park South Final Plan.]
}}

In May 1992, the CPC granted the Riverside South project a certification, allowing the public review process to commence.<ref name="p278506690" /><ref>{{cite web |last=Dunlap |first=David W. |date=May 19, 1992 |title=Trump's West Side Project Declared Ready for Review |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/05/19/nyregion/trump-s-west-side-project-declared-ready-for-review.html |access-date=October 17, 2024 |website=The New York Times |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |last=Moritz |first=Owen |date=May 18, 1992 |title=A West Side story–Trump's |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-a-west-side-storytrumps/157279921/ |access-date=October 17, 2024 |work=New York Daily News |page=364 |issn=2692-1251}}</ref> However, the project faced opposition because of its size, traffic issues, lack of affordable housing, and its association with Trump.<ref>{{cite news |first=Bruce |last=Weber |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/07/22/nyregion/debate-on-trump-s-west-side-proposal.html |title=Debate on Trump's West Side Proposal |work=The New York Times |date=July 22, 1992 |access-date=February 12, 2017 |archive-date=August 26, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180826114810/https://www.nytimes.com/1992/07/22/nyregion/debate-on-trump-s-west-side-proposal.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Some residents of [[Lincoln Towers]], which adjoined the rail yard, opposed any development on the site.<ref name="Dixon p. 119" /> Minor objections included the fact that the towers might block the west–facing windows of [[the Chatsworth]] apartment building on 72nd Street.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://forgotten-ny.com/2015/12/riverside-south-manhattan/|title=Riverside South, Manhattan|website=[[Forgotten NY|forgotten-ny.com]]|access-date=May 11, 2016|date=December 6, 2015|archive-date=June 10, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160610153616/http://forgotten-ny.com/2015/12/riverside-south-manhattan/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/12/13/realestate/streetscapes-the-chatsworth-riverside-south-s-threat-to-a-1904-apartment-tower.html|title=Streetscapes: The Chatsworth; Riverside South's Threat to a 1904 Apartment Tower|last=Gray|first=Christopher|date=December 13, 1992|newspaper=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=May 11, 2016|archive-date=June 4, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160604140807/http://www.nytimes.com/1992/12/13/realestate/streetscapes-the-chatsworth-riverside-south-s-threat-to-a-1904-apartment-tower.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Residents of 71st Street, a [[dead end street]], objected to the fact that their street would be extended to Riverside Boulevard.<ref name="Gray m292">{{cite web |last=Gray |first=Christopher |date=October 17, 2004 |title=The End of a Dead End, at Least for Pedestrians |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/10/17/realestate/the-end-of-a-dead-end-at-least-for-pedestrians.html |access-date=October 6, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> A report commissioned for Community Board 7 found that Riverside South would overwhelm the neighborhood's transit infrastructure unless it was reduced to 4,300 apartments,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Moritz |first=Owen |date=1992-07-20 |title=Report pans Trump plan for W. Side |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-report-pans-trump-plan-for-w/157304227/ |access-date=2024-10-17 |work=New York Daily News |page=9 |issn=2692-1251}}</ref> and the community board voted in July 1992 to recommend that the project not proceed.<ref>{{cite web |last=Barron |first=James |date=July 24, 1992 |title=Board Rejects Trump's Waterfront Plan |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/07/24/nyregion/board-rejects-trump-s-waterfront-plan.html |access-date=October 17, 2024 |website=The New York Times |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |last=Moritz |first=Owen |date=July 24, 1992 |title=Board to Trump: Not! |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-board-to-trump-not/157303899/ |access-date=October 17, 2024 |work=New York Daily News |page=364 |issn=2692-1251}}</ref> Additionally, Messinger said she would not support the plans without further alterations.<ref name="p206705771" /><ref>{{cite web |last=Dunlap |first=David W. |date=July 26, 1992 |title=Messinger Is Urging Change In Trump's West Side Plan |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/07/26/nyregion/messinger-is-urging-change-in-trump-s-west-side-plan.html |access-date=October 17, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref>

Following these objections, Trump agreed to slightly reduce the project's size, remove the office space, provide funds for the 72nd Street subway station, reserve 12% of the apartments for affordable housing, and build and maintain the new public park.<ref name="p206705771" /><ref>{{cite news |first=Alan |last=Finder |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/10/22/nyregion/trump-yields-to-demand-on-housing.html |title=Trump Yields to Demands on Housing |work=The New York Times |date=October 22, 1992 |access-date=February 12, 2017 |archive-date=August 26, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180826153936/https://www.nytimes.com/1992/10/22/nyregion/trump-yields-to-demand-on-housing.html |url-status=live}}</ref> The RSPC agreed to extend 71st Street for pedestrians while preventing through vehicular traffic,<ref name="Gray m292" /> and [[Setback (architecture)|setbacks]] were mandated on each of the buildings.<ref name="Dixon p. 121">{{harvnb|Dixon|1993|ps=.|page=121}}</ref> Messinger agreed to support the project after Trump acquiesced to the subway improvements, park, and affordable-housing units,<ref>{{cite news |last=Henry |first=David |date=27 Aug 1992 |title=Trump Wins a West Side Battle Messinger backs development plan |work=Newsday |page=37 |issn=2574-5298 |id={{ProQuest|278501251}} |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |last=Dunlap |first=David W. |date=August 27, 1992 |title=Altered Riverside South Plan Wins Messinger Over |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/08/27/nyregion/altered-riverside-south-plan-wins-messinger-over.html |access-date=October 17, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref><ref name="n157305292">{{Cite web |last=Moritz |first=Owen |date=10 Sep 1992 |title=Not so, sez Trump |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-not-so-sez-trump/157305292/ |access-date=2024-10-17 |work=New York Daily News |page=85 |language=en-US |issn=2692-1251}}</ref> but other critics still strongly opposed the project.<ref>{{cite news |last=Walt |first=Vivienne |date=10 Sep 1992 |title=Activists, Politicians Pan Trump's Riverside South |work=Newsday |page=106 |issn=2574-5298 |id={{ProQuest|278575307}}}}</ref> U.S. Representative [[Jerry Nadler]] described the planned public park as a {{convert|10|e6$/acre|$/ha|sing=on}} "private backyard for the people who live in these buildings".<ref name="nyt19970225">{{cite web | last=Dunlap | first=David W. | title=In Trump Revision, Highway Stays and Park Goes | website=The New York Times | date=February 25, 1997 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/02/25/nyregion/in-trump-revision-highway-stays-and-park-goes.html | access-date=October 6, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170215133655/http://www.nytimes.com/1997/02/25/nyregion/in-trump-revision-highway-stays-and-park-goes.html |archive-date=February 15, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> Amid the opposition, Trump denied that he planned to sell the site.<ref name="n157305292" /> To convince the CPC to approve his plans, Trump agreed to provide even more money for the 72nd Street subway station and designate 20% of the apartments as affordable housing.<ref>{{cite web |last=Moritz |first=Owen |date=October 27, 1992 |title=1M sweetener from Donald |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-1m-sweetener-from-donald/157305823/ |access-date=October 17, 2024 |work=New York Daily News |page=4 |issn=2692-1251}}</ref><ref name="Dixon p. 121" /> Trump also agreed to extend Riverside Drive southward to alleviate congestion on West End Avenue.<ref name="Ryan c146">{{cite web |last=Ryan |first=Benjamin |date=February 3, 2003 |title=Community Boards |url=https://observer.com/2003/02/community-boards-16/ |access-date=October 28, 2024 |website=Observer}}</ref> The CPC approved the Riverside South plan in October 1992.<ref>{{cite news |last=Henry |first=David |date=24 Nov 1992 |title=Trump Is Closer To Deal On Riverside |work=Newsday |page=27 |issn=2574-5298 |id={{ProQuest|278584019}} |postscript=none}}; {{cite news |last=Prokesch |first=Steven |date=October 27, 1992 |title=Panel Clears Trump Plan On West Side |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/10/27/nyregion/panel-clears-trump-plan-on-west-side.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210214051451/https://www.nytimes.com/1992/10/27/nyregion/panel-clears-trump-plan-on-west-side.html |archive-date=February 14, 2021 |access-date=February 12, 2017 |work=The New York Times}}</ref> A [[New York City Council]] subcommittee approved the plan that November after Trump agreed to delay the television studios' development,<ref name="McKinley o024" /><ref>{{cite news |last=Henry |first=David |date=24 Nov 1992 |title=Trump Is Closer To Deal On Riverside |work=Newsday |page=27 |issn=2574-5298 |id={{ProQuest|278584019}} |postscript=none}}; {{Cite web |last=Moritz |first=Owen |date=1992-11-24 |title=Nobody lays a glove on Trump's project |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-nobody-lays-a-glove-on-trump/157305980/ |access-date=2024-10-17 |work=New York Daily News |page=40 |language=en-US |issn=2692-1251}}</ref> and the full City Council approved Riverside South the next month.<ref>{{cite news |last=Collins |first=Gail |date=18 Dec 1992 |title=An Early Gift For The Donald |work=Newsday |page=6 |issn=2574-5298 |id={{ProQuest|278579579}} |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |date=December 18, 1992 |title=Council Approves Trump's Plan For Apartments on the West Side |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/12/18/nyregion/council-approves-trump-s-plan-for-apartments-on-the-west-side.html |access-date=October 17, 2024 |website=The New York Times |postscript=none}}; {{Cite web |last=Moritz |first=Owen |date=1992-12-18 |title=Trump wins Council's OK for big W. Side plan |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-trump-wins-councils-ok-for-b/157305662/ |access-date=2024-10-17 |work=New York Daily News |page=304 |issn=2692-1251}}</ref>

The final project size was {{convert|6.1|e6sqft|m2}}—with an option for {{convert|1.8|e6sqft|m2}} of television studios on the two southern blocks—as well as a park and improvements to the existing Freedom Place.<ref name="Lee 2002">{{Cite news |last=Lee |first=Denny |date=October 13, 2002 |title=NEIGHBORHOOD REPORT: UPPER WEST SIDE; Names Fade From a Street, But Not From Memories |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/10/13/nyregion/neighborhood-report-upper-west-side-names-fade-street-but-not-memories.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160604140700/http://www.nytimes.com/2002/10/13/nyregion/neighborhood-report-upper-west-side-names-fade-street-but-not-memories.html |archive-date=June 4, 2016 |access-date=May 11, 2016 |newspaper=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Goldberger wrote that the final plan "stands a real chance of being a cause for celebration rather than embarrassment."<ref name="Goldberger 1991" /> The media estimated that Riverside South. Manhattan West, and the Capital Cities/ABC project would collectively house between 15,000 and 20,000 residents.<ref name="p278574922" /><ref name="Dunlap s057" /> There was to be a {{Convert|1|acre|adj=on}} park at the confluence of the three developments.<ref name="Dunlap s057">{{cite web |last=Dunlap |first=David W. |date=December 6, 1992 |title=What's in Store For the West Side |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/12/06/realestate/what-s-in-store-for-the-west-side.html |access-date=October 17, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> The first phase of Riverside South called for four 18-to-40-story towers between 65th and 69th streets, with about 1,600 apartments.<ref>{{cite web |last=Oser |first=Alan S. |date=November 19, 1995 |title=Perspectives; Mixed-Income Rentals as the Key to Housing Development |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/11/19/realestate/perspectives-mixed-income-rentals-as-the-key-to-housing-development.html |access-date=October 21, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref><ref name="n157555131">{{Cite web |last=Grant |first=Peter |date=1996-05-28 |title=Trump tones down glitz |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-trump-tones-down-glitz/157555131/ |access-date=2024-10-21 |work=New York Daily News |page=208 |language=en-US |issn=2692-1251}}</ref> Ultimately, the development was planned to include 16 buildings with 5,700 apartments, in addition to a {{Convert|23|acre|adj=on}} park and 1.8 million square feet of retail.<ref name="Ryan c146" /><ref name="p200346709">{{Cite magazine |last=Philippidis |first=Alex |date=Feb 23, 2004 |title=Construction firm builds successes |work=Westchester County Business Journal |page=S2 |volume=43 |issue=8 |id={{Pq|200346709}}}}</ref>

By March 1993, Trump was applying for tax abatements and funding from the New York state government;<ref>{{cite news |last=Pacelle |first=Mitchell |date=3 Mar 1993 |title=Trump is seeking concessions to build long-delayed project in Manhattan |work=The Wall Street Journal |page=A2 |issn=0099-9660 |id={{ProQuest|398303281}}}}</ref> at the time, he owed the city $4.4 million in [[back taxes]].<ref>{{cite web |date=March 11, 1993 |title=Trump Owes Back Taxes on Land for Tower |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/03/11/nyregion/trump-owes-back-taxes-on-land-for-tower.html |access-date=October 17, 2024 |website=The New York Times |postscript=none}}; {{Cite web |date=1993-03-12 |title=Around the State |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-buffalo-news-around-the-state/157309129/ |access-date=2024-10-17 |work=The Buffalo News |page=11 |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Philip Johnson]] was hired as one of the development's architects that November.<ref>{{cite web |last=Dunlap |first=David W. |date=November 3, 1993 |title=Real Estate; Philip Johnson, the renowned architect, joins the Trump team on the huge Riverside South project. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/11/03/business/real-estate-philip-johnson-renowned-architect-joins-trump-team-huge-riverside.html |access-date=October 17, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> After the Riverside South plan was approved, Trump and proponents of Riverside South wanted the federal government to provide $80 million for the West Side Highway's relocation,<ref name="p206705771" /> but this funding was delayed for several years.<ref name="nyt19970225" /><ref>{{cite news |last=Horsley |first=Carter |date=October 4, 1997 |title=Riverside South Travesty: Politicians kill park component at Trump Development on West Side |url=http://www.thecityreview.com/riverpk.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190802140759/https://www.thecityreview.com/riverpk.htm |archive-date=August 2, 2019 |access-date=March 16, 2017 |work=The City Review}}</ref> Other opponents were upset by the decision to close the West Side Highway's northbound entrance and exit ramps at 72nd Street and fought to deny the highway project any funding.<ref>{{cite news |last=Perez-Pena |first=Richard |date=July 26, 1995 |title=Highway Plan for West Side Appears Dead |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/07/26/nyregion/highway-plan-for-west-side-appears-dead.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180826162716/https://www.nytimes.com/1995/07/26/nyregion/highway-plan-for-west-side-appears-dead.html |archive-date=August 26, 2018 |access-date=February 12, 2017 |work=The New York Times}}</ref>  

==== Partnership with Asian investors ====
[[File:Miller Hwy climbs over park and past Trump Pl jeh.jpg|thumb|300px|View north from Riverside Park South. Buildings and the West Side Highway are in the background; park elements are in the foreground.]]

Meanwhile, during the mid-1990s, Chase Manhattan was pressuring Trump to repay the loan on the site,<ref name="p2930286272">{{cite news |last=Gold |first=Jacqueline S. |date=29 Aug 1994 |title=West Side Story with Unhappy Ending for Chase |work=American Banker |page=4 |id={{Pq|293028627}}}}</ref> and Trump wanted to refinance the project to pay the debt.<ref>{{cite news |last=Pacelle |first=Mitchell |date=8 Jun 1994 |title=Trump seeks to revive New York project with financing by Hong Kong company |work=The Wall Street Journal |page=B5 |issn=0099-9660 |id={{ProQuest|398399332}}}}</ref> [[Colony Capital]] offered to buy the debt on Riverside South's loan in late 1993,<ref>{{cite news |last=Pacelle |first=Mitchell |date=16 Dec 1993 |title=Trump may get Los Angeles investors to help finance project in Manhattan |work=The Wall Street Journal |page=A7 |issn=0099-9660 |id={{ProQuest|398361343}} |postscript=none}}; {{cite news |last=Henry |first=David |date=17 Dec 1993 |title=Boost for Trump's West Side Plan |work=Newsday |page=59 |issn=2574-5298 |id={{ProQuest|278737360}}}}</ref><ref name="p2930286272" /> but these negotiations were unsuccessful.<ref>{{cite news |date=16 Feb 1994 |title=Trump Seeks Partner To Help Fund Stalled Manhattan Project |work=The Wall Street Journal |page=<!--No page in ProQuest source--> |issn=0099-9660 |id={{ProQuest|398512878}} |postscript=none}}; {{cite magazine |last=Grant |first=Peter |date=Feb 14, 1994 |title=Deal unravels for financing at Trump site |magazine=Crain's New York Business |page=1 |volume=10 |issue=7 |id={{ProQuest|219166103}}}}</ref> Additional attempts at obtaining funding from American financiers were also unsuccessful,<ref name="p2930286272" /> and Trump said in early 1994 that he would apply for a loan from the [[United States Department of Housing and Urban Development]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Ravo |first=Nick |date=April 17, 1994 |title=Trump to Seek Federal Help to Get Riverside South Under Way |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1994/04/17/nyregion/trump-to-seek-federal-help-to-get-riverside-south-under-way.html |access-date=October 18, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> He subsequently went to [[Hong Kong]] to negotiate with the businessman [[Henry Cheng]].<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Sender |first=Henny |date=Jul 21, 1994 |title=Outward bound |work=Far Eastern Economic Review |page=73 |volume=157 |issue=29 |id={{Pq|208207259}}}}</ref> The project was also involved in two lawsuits during this time,<ref name="p2930286272" /><ref name="p235767298" />  one of which claimed that the project did not conform to Lincoln West's EIS.<ref name="p206705771" /><ref>{{cite web |date=January 30, 1994 |title=Neighborhood Report: Upper West Side; Challenge to Trump Plan Loses |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1994/01/30/nyregion/neighborhood-report-upper-west-side-challenge-to-trump-plan-loses.html |access-date=October 18, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> The other lawsuit centered around sewage disposal;<ref name="p206705771" /> at the time, Trump estimated that the development would generate {{Convert|5|e6gal|L|sp=us}} of sewage a day, but he had not received permission to connect the development's sewage lines to the [[North River Wastewater Treatment Plant]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lowry |first=Tom |date=1994-07-02 |title=Trump needs plunger |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-trump-needs-plunger/157531742/ |access-date=2024-10-21 |work=New York Daily News |page=14 |language=en-US |issn=2692-1251}}</ref>

Trump sold a controlling interest in the project in June 1994,<ref>{{cite web |last=Dunlap |first=David W. |date=July 1, 1994 |title=Hong Kong Investors Finance a Trump Project |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1994/07/01/nyregion/hong-kong-investors-finance-a-trump-project.html |access-date=October 18, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref><ref name="p219182757">{{cite magazine |last=Grant |first=Peter |date=Jun 20, 1994 |title=City spurs Trump deal for Riverside So. site |magazine=Crain's New York Business |page=1 |volume=10 |issue=25 |id={{ProQuest|219182757}}}}</ref><ref name="p278773529">{{cite news |date=1 Jul 1994 |title=Trump Project At Riverside In Hands Of New Investors |work=Newsday |page=A43 |issn=2574-5298 |id={{ProQuest|278773529}}}}</ref> and a group of four developers from Hong Kong and mainland China, including New World Organization and Polylinks International, bought the controlling stake.<ref name="p235767298">{{Cite magazine |date=Jul 11, 1994 |title=Manhattan plan stays afloat |work=Engineering News-Record |page=15 |volume=233 |issue=2 |id={{Pq|235767298}}}}</ref> Polylinks paid Chase $90 million to settle the project's debt, plus $20 million in back taxes and other fees.<ref name="p219182757" /> The group also committed to spending $2.5 billion on the project itself.<ref>{{cite news |last=Krischer Goodman |first=Cindy |date=26 Feb 1995 |title=Trump Tries to Bowl Over Asian Investors |work=Chicago Tribune |page=6.N |issn=1085-6706 |id={{ProQuest|283896768}}}}</ref> Cheng became Riverside South's primary financier and developer,<ref name="p235767298" /><ref>{{cite news |last=Henry |first=David |date=18 Jul 1994 |title=The Hong Kong Connection Overseas Chinese' Money Pours Into High Profile Manhattan Real Estate. |work=Newsday |page=C01 |issn=2574-5298 |id={{ProQuest|278771165}} |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |last=Gargan |first=Edward A. |date=July 15, 1994 |title=How the Chengs Finessed Trump |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1994/07/15/business/how-the-chengs-finessed-trump.html |access-date=October 18, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> while Trump remained Riverside South's chief promoter.<ref name="p278773529" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bloombergview.com/articles/2016-01-27/donald-trump-s-track-record-on-deals|title=How Trump Bungled the Deal of a Lifetime|date=January 27, 2016|first=Timothy L.|last=O'Brien|work=BloombergView|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160127162407/http://www.bloombergview.com/articles/2016-01-27/donald-trump-s-track-record-on-deals|archive-date=January 27, 2016}}</ref> Trump retained a 30% ownership stake in Riverside South,<ref name="Sherman j087">{{cite web |last=Sherman |first=Gabriel |date=April 10, 2019 |title=Why Gary Barnett of Extell Corporation Is the Anti-Trump |url=https://nymag.com/news/features/establishments/68503/ |access-date=October 31, 2024 |website=New York Magazine}}</ref> which could be increased if he sold or rented a certain number of apartments.<ref>{{cite web |last=Rozhon |first=Tracie |date=January 26, 1997 |title=Money Tap Loosens, But Rules Tighten |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/01/26/realestate/money-tap-loosens-but-rules-tighten.html |access-date=October 23, 2024 |website=The New York Times |postscript=none}}; {{cite news |last=Saltonstall |first=Dave |date=24 Oct 1999 |title=Doing the Math on the Donald / Behind the Great Developer's Great New York Deals |work=New York Daily News |page=6 |issn=2692-1251 |id={{ProQuest|313713664}}}}</ref> The project was jointly developed by the Trump Organization and Hudson Waterfront Associates, the latter of which represented the Asian investors;<ref name="p235767298" /> they hired [[feng shui]] consultants to provide advice on Riverside South's design.<ref>{{cite news |last=O'Brien |first=Joan |date=24 Jan 1997 |title=Feng Shui; Utahns Discovering Chinese Art of Directing Energy; Feng Shui: Everything in Its Proper Place |work=The Salt Lake Tribune |page=C.1 |id={{pq|288735238}}}}</ref>

Though Riverside South's financial issues had been resolved, the lawsuits over the development were still pending.<ref name="p2930286272" /><ref name="p235767298" /> Construction was delayed as the lawsuits were resolved and the economy recovered.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lipsyte |first=Robert |date=September 11, 1994 |title=Coping; Talking About What You're Thinking About |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1994/09/11/nyregion/coping-talking-about-what-you-re-thinking-about.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171001075510/http://www.nytimes.com/1994/09/11/nyregion/coping-talking-about-what-you-re-thinking-about.html |archive-date=October 1, 2017 |access-date=October 1, 2017 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> In February 1995, the city government resolved one of the legal disputes by allowing Trump to connect Riverside South's sewage line to the North River plant.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Barrett |first=Wayne |date=11 Apr 1995 |title=Ruth and Donald's artful deal |work=The Village Voice |pages=13 |language=en |id={{Pq|232223630}} |postscript=none}}; {{Cite web |last=Bunch |first=William |date=1995-02-04 |title=Trump's River Project Is a Go, With Question |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-trumps-river-project-is-a-go-w/157550592/ |access-date=2024-10-21 |work=Newsday |page=20 |language=en-US |issn=2574-5298 |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |last=Kennedy |first=Shawn G. |date=February 4, 1995 |title=Trump Development Clears Hurdle Despite Objections |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/02/04/nyregion/trump-development-clears-hurdle-despite-objections.html |access-date=October 21, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> That June, the [[New York Court of Appeals]] ruled that the EIS for Riverside South had been conducted properly.<ref>{{cite news |date=5 July 1995 |title=Trump set to build New York dream |work=South China Morning Post |page=47 |id={{ProQuest|1536155468}} |postscript=none}}; {{Cite web |last=Giordano |first=Rita |date=1995-02-04 |title=Trump's River Project Is a Go, With Question |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-trumps-river-project-is-a-go-w/157550592/ |access-date=2024-10-21 |work=Newsday |page=26 |language=en-US |issn=2574-5298}}</ref> There was another controversy over the RSPC's plans to build a temporary playground between 70th and 72nd streets.<ref>{{cite web |last=Pogrebin |first=Robin |date=May 28, 1995 |title=Neighborhood Report: Upper West Side; It's Temporary, but Is It Beaux-Arts? |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/05/28/nyregion/neighborhood-report-upper-west-side-it-s-temporary-but-is-it-beaux-arts.html |access-date=October 21, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> In the meantime, the new investors sought public financing.<ref name="p206705771" /><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/07/24/nyregion/trump-project-loses-bid-for-us-mortgage-insurance.html|title=Trump Project Loses Bid for U.S. Mortgage Insurance|last=Lueck|first=Thomas J.|date=July 24, 1998|work=The New York Times|access-date=October 1, 2017|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=October 1, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171001165108/http://www.nytimes.com/1998/07/24/nyregion/trump-project-loses-bid-for-us-mortgage-insurance.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Trump applied for a $355 million mortgage for Riverside South from the federal government;<ref name="p278904461">{{cite news |last=Liff |first=Bob |date=9 Jun 1995 |title=Rudy Rapped on Trump |work=Newsday |page=A43 |issn=2574-5298 |id={{ProQuest|278904461}}}}</ref><ref name="n157553774">{{Cite web |last=Finnegan |first=Michael |date=1995-12-05 |title=Democrats rip Trump fund-raiser |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-democrats-rip-trump-fund-rais/157553774/ |access-date=2024-10-21 |work=New York Daily News |page=28 |language=en-US |issn=2692-1251}}</ref> if the mortgage were approved, up to 20% of the apartments would have been reserved for low-income or middle-income residents.<ref name="n157555131" /> Trump was accused of paying off [[New York State Senate]] majority leader [[Joseph Bruno]] for approval,<ref name="n157553774" /><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://fultonhistory.com/Newspaper%2024/Salamanca%20NY%20Pennysaver/Salamanca%20NY%20Pennysaver%201995/Salamanca%20NY%20Pennysaver%201995%20-%204132.pdf|title=Democrats question Trump GOP fund-raiser|agency=Associated Press|work=Salamanca Press|location=[[Salamanca, New York]]|date=December 15, 1995|access-date=September 30, 2017|page=3|via=[[Fultonhistory.com]]|archive-date=March 31, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210331181355/https://fultonhistory.com/Newspaper%2024/Salamanca%20NY%20Pennysaver/Salamanca%20NY%20Pennysaver%201995/Salamanca%20NY%20Pennysaver%201995%20-%204132.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> and the project's opponents accused Trump of colluding with Mayor [[Rudy Giuliani]] on the mortgage application.<ref name="p278904461" /> Nadler asked the [[Federal Housing Administration]] not to give a mortgage to Riverside South.<ref>{{cite web |last=Fisher |first=Ian |date=November 24, 1995 |title=Plan to Put Part of West Side Highway Underground Suffers Setback in Congress |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/11/24/nyregion/plan-to-put-part-of-west-side-highway-underground-suffers-setback-incongress.html |access-date=October 21, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref>

=== Start of construction ===

==== First structures ====
[[File:200 Riverside Boulevard 001.jpg|thumb|200 Riverside South, one of the first two buildings]]
Trump and New World Organization hired [[Lehrer McGovern Bovis]] as Riverside South's construction manager in April 1995;<ref>{{Cite web |date=1995-04-07 |title=Commercial Properties |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-commercial-properties/157553603/ |access-date=2024-10-21 |work=Newsday |page=183 |language=en-US |issn=2574-5298}}</ref> the firm went on to build eight of Riverside South's towers.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Shaver |first=Les |date=May 2007 |title=The Construction Ceo |work=Architect |page=121 |volume=96 |issue=6 |id={{pq|227869907}}}}</ref> Work was delayed for two more years.<ref name="NYT 1996 z137">{{cite web |date=December 22, 1996 |title=Trump Nears a Missing Link: A Sewage Hookup |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/12/22/nyregion/trump-nears-a-missing-link-a-sewage-hookup.html |access-date=October 21, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref><ref name="n157554877">{{Cite web |last=Grant |first=Peter |date=1996-12-20 |title=Trump set for West Side |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-trump-set-for-west-side/157554877/ |access-date=2024-10-21 |work=New York Daily News |page=937 |language=en-US |issn=2692-1251}}</ref> In December 1996, the [[New York City Department of Environmental Protection]] granted Trump permission to connect the development's first structure to the treatment plant,<ref name="NYT 1996 z137" /> and Trump received private financing for that building.<ref name="n157554877" /> After the city granted a construction permit in January 1997,<ref>{{cite news |last=Beck |first=Simon |date=9 Feb 1997 |title=Permit victory for Trump's dream |work=South China Morning Post |page=21 |id={{ProQuest|1799701957}} |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |last=Lueck |first=Thomas J. |date=January 31, 1997 |title=Groundbreaking Near for Trump Project, Despite Upper West Side Objections |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/01/31/nyregion/groundbreaking-near-for-trump-project-despite-upper-west-side-objections.html |access-date=October 21, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> a [[shanty town]] nearby was removed the next month.<ref>{{cite news |date=1 Mar 1997 |title=Shantytown Bulldozed |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-shantytown-bulldozed/157651479/ |access-date=2024-10-22 |work=Newsday |page=A.18 |issn=2574-5298 |id={{ProQuest|278988298}} |postscript=none |agency=The Associated Press}}; {{cite web |last=Kershaw |first=Sarah |date=February 28, 1997 |title=Police Remove Encampment Of Homeless |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/02/28/nyregion/police-remove-encampment-of-homeless.html |access-date=October 21, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> Trump also indicated that, due to opposition to the West Side Highway's relocation, he would postpone Riverside Park South's construction.<ref>{{cite web |last=Dunlap |first=David W. |date=February 25, 1997 |title=In Trump Revision, Highway Stays and Park Goes |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/02/25/nyregion/in-trump-revision-highway-stays-and-park-goes.html |access-date=October 23, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref><ref name="Leonard i592">{{cite web |last=Leonard |first=Devin |date=September 29, 1997 |title=Is Trump Reneging On Massive Park Plan For Riverside South? |url=https://observer.com/1997/09/is-trump-reneging-on-massive-park-plan-for-riverside-south/ |access-date=October 28, 2024 |website=Observer}}</ref> By mid-1997, Lehrer McGovern Bovis and HRH Construction were erecting the first two towers at 180 and 200 Riverside Boulevard,<ref>{{cite web |last=Lii |first=Jane H. |date=May 25, 1997 |title=A Street of Promises and Protest |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/05/25/nyregion/a-street-of-promises-and-protest.html |access-date=October 21, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> which had a combined 990 apartments.<ref>{{cite web |last=Rozhon |first=Tracie |title=Money Tap Loosens, But Rules Tighten |website=The New York Times |date=January 26, 1997 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/01/26/realestate/money-tap-loosens-but-rules-tighten.html |access-date=October 21, 2024}}</ref> One hundred and four units at 180 Riverside were set aside for low-income households.<ref>{{cite web |date=February 21, 1999 |title=Q. & A. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/02/21/realestate/q-a-385018.html |access-date=October 24, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> Trump was also negotiating to install a massive statue of the explorer [[Christopher Columbus]] at Riverside South.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rush |first=George |last2=Molloy |first2=Joanna |date=1997-05-13 |title=Butts takes a malling over Harlem project |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-butts-takes-a-malling-over-ha/157651808/ |access-date=2024-10-23 |work=New York Daily News |page=728 |language=en-US |issn=2692-1251}}</ref> Residents of Lincoln Towers continued to oppose the project, saying it would block their views of the Hudson River.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Grant |first=Peter |date=1997-09-21 |title=Dismissing their views |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-dismissing-their-views/157652981/ |access-date=2024-10-23 |work=New York Daily News |page=152 |language=en-US |issn=2692-1251}}</ref> Another group of opponents sued to force Trump to construct Riverside Park South.<ref name="Leonard i592" />

During the construction of 200 Riverside Boulevard, a subcontractor used substandard concrete to construct columns supporting the fifth floor, ignoring warnings from the building's structural engineer.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bagli |first=Charles V. |date=November 4, 1997 |title=Trump Project Went On Despite Warning About Concrete |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/11/04/nyregion/trump-project-went-on-despite-warning-about-concrete.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170305114830/http://www.nytimes.com/1997/11/04/nyregion/trump-project-went-on-despite-warning-about-concrete.html |archive-date=March 5, 2017 |access-date=March 4, 2017 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> The [[New York City Department of Buildings]] (DOB) halted construction of the tower that November, after that tower had reached its 20th floor.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Post |first=Nadine M. |date=November 10, 1997 |title=Concrete Repair Gears up at Stalled Manhattan Tower |work=Engineering News-Record |page=14 |volume=239 |issue=19 |id={{Pq|235671370}} |postscript=none}}; {{Cite web |last=Dwyer |first=Jim |date=1997-11-02 |title=Concrete flaw halts Trump job |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-concrete-flaw-halts-trump-job/157652872/ |access-date=2024-10-23 |work=New York Daily News |page=805 |language=en-US |issn=2692-1251 |postscript=none}}; {{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/11/03/nyregion/weak-concrete-stops-work-on-west-side-trump-project.html |title=Weak Concrete Stops Work on West Side Trump Project |last=Bagli |first=Charles V. |date=November 3, 1997 |work=The New York Times |access-date=March 4, 2017 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=March 5, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170305115331/http://www.nytimes.com/1997/11/03/nyregion/weak-concrete-stops-work-on-west-side-trump-project.html |url-status=live}}</ref>  In addition, the first seven towers were exempt from the city's new seismic code due to a [[grandfather clause]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dwyer |first=Jim |date=1997-11-11 |title=Trump's folly shakes city |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-trumps-folly-shakes-city/157366690/ |access-date=2024-10-18 |work=New York Daily News |page=112 |language=en-US |issn=2692-1251}}</ref> and two of the towers were also exempt from sprinkler regulations because they were shorter than {{Convert|300|ft}}.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Smoke-filled rooms |last=Lobbia |first=J A. |work=The Village Voice |date=30 Mar 1999 |page=24 |id={{pq|232203347}}|postscript=none}}; {{cite news |last=Dwyer |first=Jim |date=9 Mar 1999 |title=Sprinkler Law Trumped Fire-safety Rules Watered Down |work=New York Daily News |page=8 |issn=2692-1251 |id={{ProQuest|313682081}}}}</ref> Work on 200 Riverside Boulevard resumed in January 1998 after the defective concrete was replaced.<ref>{{cite magazine |id={{ProQuest|219158598}} |title=Winter forecast: Construction flurries |last=Goldstein |first=Matthew |volume=14 |issue=4 |date=Jan 26, 1998 |page=12 |magazine=Crain's New York Business |postscript=none}}; {{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/01/16/nyregion/order-that-halted-work-on-trump-project-is-lifted.html |title=Order That Halted Work On Trump Project Is Lifted |last=Bagli |first=Charles V. |date=January 16, 1998 |work=The New York Times |access-date=March 4, 2017 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=March 5, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170305113647/http://www.nytimes.com/1998/01/16/nyregion/order-that-halted-work-on-trump-project-is-lifted.html |url-status=live}}</ref> By the middle of the year, the TV network [[CBS]] was negotiating to occupy studio space in Riverside South,<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Croghan |first=Lore |date=Apr 6, 1998 |title=Developers rush to build towers in Jersey City |magazine=Crain's New York Business |page=1 |volume=14 |issue=14 |id={{ProQuest|219176184}} |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |last=Lueck |first=Thomas J. |date=March 31, 1998 |title=CBS Considers Manhattan and Jersey City for New Studios |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/03/31/nyregion/cbs-considers-manhattan-and-jersey-city-for-new-studios.html |access-date=October 23, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> and New World was attempting to sell Riverside South's first two buildings.<ref>{{cite news |last=Beck |first=Simon |date=5 Jun 1998 |title=Property; SAR Investors Seek Buyers for Trump Towers |work=South China Morning Post |page=34 |id={{ProQuest|1918189059}} |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |last=Bagli |first=Charles V. |date=June 3, 1998 |title=Trump's Backers Trying to Sell First 2 Riverside Apartment Buildings |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/06/03/nyregion/trump-s-backers-trying-to-sell-first-2-riverside-apartment-buildings.html |access-date=October 23, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> The developers also rented out apartments at 180 Riverside Boulevard,<ref>{{cite web |last=Malbin |first=Peter |date=July 26, 1998 |title=If You're Thinking of Living In/Lincoln Square; A Hub of Culture and Entertainment |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/07/26/realestate/if-you-re-thinking-living-lincoln-square-hub-culture-entertainment.html |access-date=October 23, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> while Pace Advertising Agency was hired to market the apartments.<ref>{{cite web |last=Elliott |first=Stuart |date=January 19, 1998 |title=The Media Business: Advertising – Addenda; Accounts |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/01/19/business/the-media-business-advertising-addenda-accounts-149608.html |access-date=October 24, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref>  CBS ultimately decided against moving to Riverside South.<ref>{{cite web |last=Bagli |first=Charles V. |date=January 29, 1999 |title=CBS Granted More Tax Cuts to Stay Put |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/01/29/nyregion/cbs-granted-more-tax-cuts-to-stay-put.html |access-date=October 24, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref>

By early 1999, several retailers were negotiating to move into the first two buildings,<ref name="Rothstein x858">{{cite web |last=Rothstein |first=Mervyn |date=March 3, 1999 |title=Residential Real Estate; Trump Place Is Coming Alive on Upper West Side |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/03/03/nyregion/residential-real-estate-trump-place-is-coming-alive-on-upper-west-side.html |access-date=October 24, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> and many of the condos and rental apartments were being leased out.<ref name="Pogrebin t228">{{cite web |last=Pogrebin |first=Robin |date=June 25, 1999 |title=Protests Supplanted By Praise; Trump Place Becomes Real, and Even Popular |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/06/25/nyregion/protests-supplanted-by-praise-trump-place-becomes-real-and-even-popular.html |access-date=October 24, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Grant |first=Peter |date=11 Mar 1999 |title=New Trump Apts. Along H'way |work=New York Daily News |page=40 |issn=2692-1251 |id={{ProQuest|313684024}}}}</ref> The first structures were initially branded as Trump Place.<ref>{{cite web |last=Kolbert |first=Elizabeth |date=August 3, 1998 |title=Metro Matters; Trump's Loss Is a Victory For Taste |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/08/03/nyregion/metro-matters-trump-s-loss-is-a-victory-for-taste.html |access-date=October 23, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> New World and Trump placed a {{convert|9|acre|adj=on}} tract between 59th and 61st streets for sale that May,<ref>{{cite news |last=Grant |first=Peter |date=27 May 1999 |title=Trump Place Site is Up for Grabs |work=New York Daily News |page=80 |issn=2692-1251 |id={{ProQuest|313672688}} |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |date=May 28, 1999 |title=Metro Business; Trump Land Is for Sale |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/05/28/nyregion/metro-business-trump-land-is-for-sale.html |access-date=October 24, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> but they were unable to find a buyer.<ref>{{cite news |last=Sandler |first=Linda |date=19 Jan 2000 |title=Donald's Wealth Estimates Trump Reality --- Several Billions Are Based On Profits That Are Far In the Developer's Future |work=The Wall Street Journal |page=B10 |issn=0099-9660 |id={{ProQuest|398765915}}}}</ref> In addition, work had commenced on a third building: a 33-story tower at 160 Riverside Boulevard.<ref name="p313709379">{{cite news |last=Lewine |first=Edward |date=29 Aug 1999 |title=What's in All Those Big Holes? A Building Boom |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-whats-in-all-those-big-holes/157737050/ |access-date=2024-10-24 |work=New York Daily News |page= |pages=[https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-whats-in-all-those-big-holes/157737070/ 26], [https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-whats-in-all-those-big-holes/157737050/ 27] |issn=2692-1251 |id={{ProQuest|313709379}}}}</ref> Other developments, such as [[Tishman Speyer]]'s 101 West End Avenue rental building, were also being built nearby.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Golson |first=Blair |last2=McGeveran |first2=Tom |date=18 Nov 2002 |title=Busted Bosses Dump Palaces In Near-Panic |work=The New York Observer |page=1 |id={{Pq|333475690}}}}</ref> The [[M72 (New York City bus)|M72]] bus was rerouted to serve the complex, prompting complaints from neighborhood residents.<ref>{{cite web |last=Ramirez |first=Anthony |date=August 16, 1998 |title=Neighborhood Report: West Side; 'Minor Change' in M72 Bus Route Provokes Major Anger |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/08/16/nyregion/neighborhood-report-west-side-minor-change-in-m72-bus-route-provokes-major-anger.html |access-date=October 24, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref><ref name="p383858837">{{cite news |last=Houpt |first=Simon |date=14 Apr 2004 |title=Residents mobilize to fight Trump |work=The Globe and Mail |page=R.1 |id={{pq|383858837}}}}</ref>

==== Early 2000s expansion ====
[[File:140 Riverside Boulevard 002.jpg|thumb|140 Riverside Boulevard, constructed as part of the early 2000s expansion]]
By early 2000, work was about to begin on a fourth Trump Place building, a condo tower.<ref>{{cite news |last=Reed |first=Danielle |date=23 Mar 2000 |title=New Trump Project's Neighbors |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-new-trump-projects-neighbors/157965018/ |access-date=2024-10-27 |work=New York Daily News |page=36 |issn=2692-1251 |id={{ProQuest|313745667}}}}</ref> Later that year, [[Columbia University]] began negotiating to construct some buildings at the southern end of Trump Place.<ref>{{cite web |last=Bagli |first=Charles V. |date=September 15, 2000 |title=Columbia May Expand Onto Trump Riverfront Site |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/09/15/nyregion/columbia-may-expand-onto-trump-riverfront-site.html |access-date=October 24, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> Simultaneously, Trump developed a waterfront public park known as Riverside Park South.<ref name="p305564574">{{cite news |last=Saltonstall |first=Dave |date=12 Sep 2000 |title=Trump Rolling Out the Green to Open Lush Path Along the Hudson for All New Yorkers |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-trump-rolling-out-the-green/157965070/ |access-date=2024-10-27 |work=New York Daily News |page=6 |issn=2692-1251 |id={{ProQuest|305564574}}}}</ref> Trump was required to expand the park as additional buildings were erected,<ref name="p305564574" /><ref>{{cite web |last=Lee |first=Denny |date=March 4, 2001 |title=Neighborhood Report: Upper West Side; Dreaming of a Little Riviera |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/03/04/nyregion/neighborhood-report-upper-west-side-dreaming-of-a-little-riviera.html |access-date=October 28, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> and he also had to preserve the [[69th Street Transfer Bridge]].<ref name="p305564574" /><ref>{{cite web |last=Dunlap |first=David W. |date=December 10, 2001 |title=Going Downtown, Downstream; Ferry at Riverfront Park Seen as Gateway to Wall St. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/12/10/nyregion/going-downtown-downstream-ferry-at-riverfront-park-seen-as-gateway-to-wall-st.html |access-date=October 28, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> During the park's construction, complaints of sewage smells prompted the Trump Organization to replace 180 Riverside's pipes.<ref>{{cite web |date=November 26, 2000 |title=Neighborhood Report: Upper West Side; That Distinctive New-Park Odor Turns Out to Be Leaking Sewage |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/11/26/nyregion/neighborhood-report-upper-west-side-that-distinctive-new-park-odor-turns-be.html |access-date=October 24, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> The park's first phase, which cost $14 million, unofficially opened in January 2001<ref name="Dunlap c108" /><ref>{{cite news |last=Sokolov |first=Raymond |date=19 Jan 2001 |title=The Shoreline Belongs to the People |work=The Wall Street Journal |page=W11C |issn=0099-9660 |id={{ProQuest|2074363715}}}}</ref> and was dedicated that April.<ref name="p305594426">{{cite news |last=Colangelo |first=Lisa L. |date=11 Apr 2001 |title=New Park Pier Trump Triumph Waterside Haven Opens |work=New York Daily News |page=1 |issn=2692-1251 |id={{ProQuest|305594426}} |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |last=Cardwell |first=Diane |date=April 11, 2001 |title=Giuliani Defends Plan to Ban Alcohol Sales at Street Fairs |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/04/11/nyregion/giuliani-defends-plan-to-ban-alcohol-sales-at-street-fairs.html |access-date=October 28, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> Trump Place's real estate brokers, the [[Corcoran Group]], reported higher-than-anticipated interest in the apartments, despite the development's relatively remote location.<ref>{{cite news |last=Herman |first=Eric |date=12 Mar 2001 |title=Trump Taking Slow Road on West Side |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-trump-taking-slow-road-on-wes/157966123/ |work=New York Daily News |page= |pages=30, [https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-trump-taking-slow-road-on-wes/157966147/ 31] |issn=2692-1251 |id={{ProQuest|305641981}}}}</ref> Despite a slight downturn caused by the [[September 11 attacks]] later the same year, the apartments remained in high demand.<ref>{{cite news |last=Scherer |first=Ron |date=27 Aug 2004 |title=Republicans meet a New York in flux ; Yes, echoes of 9/11 linger - but conventioneers will find a resilience bred through time |work=The Christian Science Monitor |page=1 |issn=0882-7729 |id={{ProQuest|405683266}}}}</ref> Also in 2001, Community Board 7 approved the addition of another park on Riverside Boulevard,<ref>{{cite web |last=Crow |first=Kelly |date=August 5, 2001 |title=Neighborhood Report: Upper West Side; As Plans for Marsh Dry Up, Park's Neighbors Complain |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/08/05/nyregion/neighborhood-report-upper-west-side-plans-for-marsh-dry-up-park-s-neighbors.html |access-date=October 28, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> and the [[Federal Highway Administration]] approved the West Side Highway's relocation eastward.<ref>{{cite web |title=FHWA Record of Decision |url=http://home.jps.net/~riversidesouth/FHWA%20ROD.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170214205346/http://home.jps.net/~riversidesouth/FHWA%20ROD.pdf |archive-date=February 14, 2017}}</ref><ref name="box">{{cite news |last=Barron |first=James |date=June 23, 2006 |title=The Surprise in This Box? A Highway, Some Assembly Required |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/06/23/nyregion/23box.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201121061626/https://www.nytimes.com/2006/06/23/nyregion/23box.html |archive-date=November 21, 2020 |access-date=February 12, 2017 |work=The New York Times}}</ref>  

Although Trump ceased his active involvement in the development in 2001, he retained his 30% limited partnership.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Story of Riverside South |url=http://www.all-sites.us/pw/rs/rs1.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170204170057/http://www.all-sites.us/pw/rs/rs1.html |archive-date=February 4, 2017 |work=Paul Willen Architect}}</ref> The first retailer at Trump Place, a wine shop, opened in 2002,<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Goff |first=Lisa |date=9 Sep 2002 |title=Telling Tales: Distilled Plan Gives Wine Shop Its Best Shot |magazine=Crain's New York Business |page=24 |volume=18 |issue=36 |id={{ProQuest|219129171}} |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |last=Rothstein |first=Mervyn |date=March 6, 2002 |title=Commercial Real Estate; Trump Place Signs First Retail Tenant |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/03/06/business/commercial-real-estate-trump-place-signs-first-retail-tenant.html |access-date=October 28, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> four years after Trump had begun looking for retail tenants.<ref name="p219135781">{{cite magazine |last=Messina |first=Judith |date=4 Jun 2007 |title=Classy shops bring cachet |magazine=Crain's New York Business |page=19 |volume=23 |issue=23 |id={{ProQuest|219135781}}}}</ref> Trump planned to begin constructing the complex's sixth structure, 240 Riverside Boulevard, the same year,<ref name="Bagli e894" /><ref name="p305769714">{{cite news |last=Herman |first=Eric |date=5 Mar 2003 |title=City May Give Lift to B'klyn High-rise |work=New York Daily News |page=28 |issn=2692-1251 |id={{ProQuest|305769714}}}}</ref> which would have required the closure of the West Side Highway's 72nd Street exit ramp.<ref name="Ryan c146" /> Work on 240 Riverside was delayed by opposition from residents of the neighboring Chatsworth Apartments, who feared the building would obstruct their windows,<ref name="p383858837" /><ref name="Bagli e894">{{cite web |last=Bagli |first=Charles V. |date=October 21, 2002 |title=Blotting Out the Light: A New Tower by Trump; Neighbors Fight a High-Rise Inches Away |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/10/21/nyregion/blotting-light-new-tower-trump-neighbors-fight-high-rise-inches-away.html |access-date=October 28, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> as well as objections from local residents who wanted the 72nd Street exit ramp to remain open.<ref name="Ryan c146" /><ref name="p305769714" /> Despite the opposition, 240 Riverside was under construction by 2003.<ref name="Ryan c146" /><ref>{{cite magazine |last=Lentz |first=Philip |date=Apr 14, 2003 |title=Big projects losing steam in downturn |magazine=Crain's New York Business |page=3 |volume=19 |issue=15 |id={{ProQuest|219168589}}}}</ref> A second segment of Riverside Park South opened that June,<ref name="n157993082">{{Cite news |last=Healy |first=Patrick |date=June 12, 2003 |title=New Park On Hudson Fills Gap In Greenery |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/06/12/nyregion/new-park-on-hudson-fills-gap-in-greenery.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190829124752/https://www.nytimes.com/2003/06/12/nyregion/new-park-on-hudson-fills-gap-in-greenery.html |archive-date=August 29, 2019 |access-date=August 29, 2019 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |last=Sangha |first=Soni |date=June 12, 2003 |title=Trump hands city green: 3 acres of new parkland |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-trump-hands-city-green-3-acr/157993082/ |access-date=October 28, 2024 |work=New York Daily News |page=126 |issn=2692-1251}}</ref> and local residents attempted to preserve two burned piers within the park.<ref>{{cite web |last=Bernstein |first=Fred A. |date=September 4, 2003 |title=Pierwise, One Person's Wreck Is Another's Art |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/09/04/arts/pierwise-one-person-s-wreck-is-another-s-art.html |access-date=October 28, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> The city government agreed in early 2004 to close the 72nd Street exit ramp;<ref name="p383858837" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2004-01-11 |title=N.Y. City OKs ramp closure for Trump building project |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-buffalo-news-ny-city-oks-ramp-clos/157996273/ |access-date=2024-10-28 |website=The Buffalo News |page=12 |language=en-US |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |last=Luo |first=Michael |date=January 10, 2004 |title=West Side Highway Exit Lost to Trump Project |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/01/10/nyregion/west-side-highway-exit-lost-to-trump-project.html |access-date=October 28, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> a state judge placed an [[injunction]] preventing the ramp's closure,<ref>{{cite news |last=Saltonstall |first=David |date=9 Oct 2004 |title=Donald's Ramp Plan is Trumped |work=New York Daily News |page=7 |issn=2692-1251 |id={{ProQuest|305928948}} |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |last=Hu |first=Winnie |date=October 9, 2004 |title=Court Bars Closing of Ramp From Highway at 72nd St. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/10/09/nyregion/court-bars-closing-of-ramp-from-highway-at-72nd-st.html |access-date=October 28, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> but an appeals court upheld the plans.<ref>{{cite web |last=Worth |first=Robert F. |date=July 16, 2005 |title=New York Is Supported in Ruling on Exit Ramp |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/07/16/nyregion/new-york-is-supported-in-ruling-on-exit-ramp.html |access-date=October 28, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> By the end of 2004, a seventh building at 120 Riverside Boulevard was being completed.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Croghan |first=Lore |date=2004-12-29 |title=Fertile ground on W. Side |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-fertile-ground-on-w-side/157995679/ |access-date=2024-10-28 |work=New York Daily News |page=31 |language=en-US |issn=2692-1251}}</ref> Due to legal disputes, the 72nd Street exit ramp remained open for three more years.<ref name="Mindlin 2007">{{cite web |last=Mindlin |first=Alex |date=June 24, 2007 |title=No Exit, but No Surrender |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/06/24/nyregion/thecity/24exit.html |access-date=October 31, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref>

=== Site resale and completion ===

==== Carlyle and Extell takeover ====
Trump and his partners sold Riverside South, excluding the finished condominiums, to the [[Carlyle Group]] and the [[Extell Development Company]] for $1.76 billion in June 2005.<ref name="p219132812">{{cite magazine |last=Satow |first=Julie |date=Sep 12, 2005 |title=Extell's billion-dollar baby |magazine=Crain's New York Business |page=1 |volume=21 |issue=37 |id={{ProQuest|219132812}}}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=21 June 2005 |title=Trump part of $1.76B property deal |work=Newsday |page=A37 |issn=2574-5298 |id={{ProQuest|279973776}} |postscript=none |agency=Bloomberg News}}; {{cite web |last=Bagli |first=Charles V. |date=June 1, 2005 |title=Trump Group Selling West Side Parcel for $1.8 Billion |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/06/01/nyregion/trump-group-selling-west-side-parcel-for-18-billion.html |access-date=October 28, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> The syndicate had beat out several other bidders including the [[Related Companies]], [[Vornado Realty Trust]], and [[the Durst Organization]].<ref name="Sherman j087" /> Carlyle obtained a 50% ownership stake in the project, while Extell took a 25% stake and sold the remaining 25% to an Irish development consortium.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Beesley |first=Arthur |date=9 July 2005 |title=Irish group buys $440m stake in Trump Place |work=Irish Times |page=1 |id={{Pq|309888162}}}}</ref> Shortly afterward, Carlyle and Extell resold three rental apartment buildings to [[Equity Residential]] for $816 million.<ref name="p219215580">{{cite magazine |last=Satow |first=Julie |date=19 Dec 2005 |title=Extell retaining Riverside |magazine=Crain's New York Business |page=2 |volume=21 |issue=51 |id={{ProQuest|219215580}}}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Bary |first=Andrew |date=Aug 8, 2005 |title=Pop! |work=Barron's |pages=21-23 |volume=85 |issue=32 |id={{Pq|201041047}} |postscript=none}}; {{cite news |last=Frangos |first=Alex |last2=Chittum |first2=Ryan |last3=Corkery |first3=Michael |date=22 Jun 2005 |title=Plots & Ploys |work=The Wall Street Journal |page=B1 |issn=0099-9660 |id={{ProQuest|398926268}}}}</ref> Trump, who contended that the sale price was just over half what the property was worth, sued his partners,<ref name="nyt20050601" /><ref>{{cite news |last=Gearty |first=Robert |date=12 July 2005 |title=In the City. The Donald in Suit Over 1.7b Land Deal |work=New York Daily News |page=41 |issn=2692-1251 |id={{ProQuest|305967819}} |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |last=Bagli |first=Charles V. |date=July 12, 2005 |title=Trump Sues Asian Partners Over Sale of West Side Site |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/07/12/nyregion/trump-sues-asian-partners-over-sale-of-west-side-site.html |access-date=October 28, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> but he lost.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Eligon |first1=John |last2=Bagli |first2=Charles V. |date=September 17, 2009 |title=Figure in Property Sale in Trump Suit Is Indicted |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/18/nyregion/18developer.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170305192302/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/18/nyregion/18developer.html |archive-date=March 5, 2017 |access-date=March 4, 2017 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> The Corcoran Group also sued Trump, claiming that he had failed to pay sales commissions for apartments sold there.<ref>{{cite web |date=December 15, 2005 |title=New York: Manhattan: Trump Sued Over Commissions |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/12/15/nyregion/metro-briefing-new-york-manhattan-trump-sued-over-commissions.html |access-date=October 28, 2024 |website=The New York Times |postscript=none}}; {{Cite web |last=Peterson |first=Helen |date=2005-12-15 |title=It's Trump vs. Corcoran in realty suit |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-its-trump-vs-corcoran-in-re/157997799/ |access-date=2024-10-28 |work=New York Daily News |page=12 |language=en-US |issn=2692-1251}}</ref> Carlyle and Extell also attempted to sell the land between 59th and 61st streets<ref name="p219132812" /> before withdrawing their plans in December 2005.<ref name="p219215580" /> The seventh structure, 120 Riverside Boulevard, opened in early 2006,<ref>{{cite web |last=Hughes |first=C. J. |date=April 30, 2006 |title=Grand Buildings, but Also a Sense of Community |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/04/30/realestate/grand-buildings-but-also-a-sense-of-community.html |access-date=October 30, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> and the developers began erecting the northbound West Side Highway tunnel between 62nd and 65th streets that year.<ref name="box" /><ref name="p235732552">{{Cite magazine |last=Cho |first=Aileen |date=Nov 13, 2006 |title=Manhattan Tunnel Structure Is Built for the Long Term |work=Engineering News-Record |pages=17-18 |volume=257 |issue=19 |id={{pq|235732552}}}}</ref> The third phase of Riverside Park South opened that August,<ref name="Collins a103">{{cite web |last=Collins |first=Glenn |date=August 11, 2006 |title=A Chugger Floats to Stardom |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/11/nyregion/11engine.html |access-date=October 30, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> and the development's first supermarket also opened in 2006.<ref name="p219135781" /> 

In the mid-2000s, Extell developed the Avery condominium building at 100 Riverside Boulevard,<ref name="Hughes z845">{{cite web |last=Hughes |first=C. J. |date=March 26, 2006 |title=A Condo With a View (of the Opera) |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/03/26/realestate/a-condo-with-a-view-of-the-opera.html |access-date=October 30, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> as well as the Rushmore nearby at 80 Riverside Boulevard.<ref>{{cite web |last=Arak |first=Joey |date=November 30, 2007 |title=Extell Has Too Much Glass for Angry Upper West Siders |url=https://ny.curbed.com/2007/11/30/10583166/extell-has-too-much-glass-for-angry-upper-west-siders |access-date=October 31, 2024 |website=Curbed NY |postscript=none}}; {{Cite magazine |last=Robledo |first=S Jhoanna |date=Aug 7, 2006 |title=Playing to the Audience |work=New York |pages=65 |volume=39 |issue=27 |id={{pq|205120321}}}}</ref> The West Side Highway's 72nd Street exit finally closed in June 2007,<ref name="Mindlin 2007" /> though the connection from Riverside Boulevard to Riverside Drive did not open for another four years.<ref>{{cite web |last=Haughney |first=Christine |date=November 28, 2011 |title=Debate Over Riverside Boulevard Meeting Drive on the Upper West Side |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/28/nyregion/debate-over-riverside-boulevard-meeting-drive-on-upper-west-side.html |access-date=October 31, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> A fourth section of Riverside Park South opened in 2008.<ref name="p2221615836">{{cite news |last=Chan |first=Sewell |date=Aug 19, 2008 |title=Riverside Park South Ceremony |url=http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/08/19/blogs/19cityroom-another-3661.html |work=The New York Times |page= |issn=0362-4331 |id={{ProQuest|2221615836}}}}</ref> [[Thomas Balsley]] subsequently designed three more sections of the park.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Kleege |first=Stephen |date=Oct 22, 2012 |title=Parks translate to profits |magazine=Crain's New York Business |page=15 |volume=28 |issue=43 |id={{ProQuest|1115558022}}}}</ref> In addition, Extell began developing the Aldyn condominium and a rental tower between 62nd and 63rd streets in early 2008,<ref>{{cite web |last=Arak |first=Joey |date=January 17, 2008 |title=Extell's Riverside South Will Rule the West Side |url=https://ny.curbed.com/2008/1/17/10579956/extells-riverside-south-will-rule-the-west-side |access-date=October 31, 2024 |website=Curbed NY}}</ref> and it received a $613 million loan to develop the towers.<ref>{{cite web |date=July 1, 2008 |title=Extell's Riverside South gets $613M loan |url=https://therealdeal.com/new-york/2008/07/01/extell-s-riverside-south-gets-613m-loan/ |access-date=October 31, 2024 |website=The Real Deal |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |last=Arak |first=Joey |date=July 1, 2008 |title=CurbedWire: LIC Breaking the Bank, Extell's Two New Towers |url=https://ny.curbed.com/2008/7/1/10566352/curbedwire-lic-breaking-the-bank-extells-two-new-towers |access-date=October 31, 2024 |website=Curbed NY}}</ref> The Avery was finished in 2008, followed by the Rushmore in 2009.<ref name="p2729893326">{{cite news |last=Kusisto |first=Laura |date=30 Dec 2011 |title=Riverside South Sees Burst of Sales |work=The Wall Street Journal |page=A20 |issn=0099-9660 |id={{ProQuest|2729893326}}}}</ref> Amid weakening demand for condos at the Aldyn, Avery, and Rushmore, several prospective condo buyers sought to cancel their purchases.<ref>{{cite web |last=O’Connor |first=Anahad |date=April 10, 2010 |title=N.Y. Backs Remorseful Buyers at Rushmore Tower |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/10/nyregion/10ruling.html |access-date=October 31, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> Multiple would-be buyers at the Rushmore sued Carlyle and Extell in 2009 after the developers refused to refund their apartment deposits;<ref>{{cite web |last=Barbanel |first=Josh |date=July 24, 2009 |title=Attack of the Fine Print |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/07/26/realestate/26deal1.html |access-date=October 31, 2024 |website=The New York Times |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |last=Jones |first=David |date=October 9, 2009 |title=Buyer sues Extell for deposit at Rushmore |url=https://therealdeal.com/new-york/2009/10/09/buyer-sues-extell-for-1m-deposit-at-rushmore-with-gary-barnett/ |access-date=October 31, 2024 |website=The Real Deal}}</ref> they received a $15 million refund after three years of litigation.<ref>{{cite web |last=Budin |first=Jeremiah |date=December 20, 2012 |title=Rushmore's $15 Million Typo Case Reaches Inevitable End |url=https://ny.curbed.com/2012/12/20/10292828/rushmores-15-million-typo-case-reaches-inevitable-end |access-date=October 31, 2024 |website=Curbed NY |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |last=Jones |first=David |date=December 20, 2012 |title=Rushmore buyers get $15M refund in long-running contract dispute |url=https://therealdeal.com/new-york/2012/12/20/rushmore-buyers-get-15m-refund-in-long-running-contract-dispute/?utm_source=feedburner |access-date=October 31, 2024 |website=The Real Deal}}</ref> Extell filed plans for 40 Riverside Boulevard (later [[One Riverside Park]]), just north of Riverside Center, in 2009,<ref name="Polsky o027">{{cite web |last=Polsky |first=Sara |date=July 25, 2011 |title=Plans for 33-Story Riverside South Tower Finally Revealed |url=https://ny.curbed.com/2011/7/25/10454390/plans-for-33-story-riverside-south-tower-finally-revealed |access-date=October 10, 2024 |website=Curbed NY}}</ref> and [[Hill West Architects]] was hired to design a 33-story building on that site.<ref name="Polsky o027" /><ref>{{cite web |date=July 25, 2011 |title=Latest Riverside South tower to be glassiest |url=https://www.crainsnewyork.com/article/20110725/REAL_ESTATE/110729938/latest-riverside-south-tower-to-be-glassiest |access-date=October 10, 2024 |website=Crain's New York Business}}</ref>

==== Riverside Center and Waterline Square ====
[[File:Baseball field under the West Side Highway.jpg|thumb|267px|Baseball field at the southern end of Riverside Park with Riverside South buildings in the background]]
The southernmost section of Riverside South, which had been set aside for television studios, needed to be rezoned before residential structures could be built there.<ref name="Chaban x5822">{{cite web |last=Chaban |first=Matt |date=September 21, 2012 |title=Starchitect Switcheroo! Will the Upper West Side Get Any Pritzker-Worthy Buildings at Riverside Center? |url=https://observer.com/2012/09/starchitect-switcheroo-ditch-christian-de-portzamparc-riverside-center/ |access-date=October 10, 2024 |website=Observer}}</ref> In October 2008, Extell proposed constructing Riverside Center, a set of five mostly residential towers between 59th and 61st streets, to complete the development.<ref name="Brown e586">{{cite web |last=Brown |first=Eliot |date=October 31, 2008 |title=Extell Steaming Ahead on Giant 'Riverside Center' Amid Early Dissent |url=https://observer.com/2008/10/extell-steaming-ahead-on-giant-riverside-center-amid-early-dissent/ |access-date=October 10, 2024 |website=Observer |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |last=Arak |first=Joey |date=October 31, 2008 |title=Extell Moving Ahead With Five-Tower 'Riverside Center' |url=https://ny.curbed.com/2008/10/31/10555046/extell-moving-ahead-with-five-tower-riverside-center |access-date=October 10, 2024 |website=Curbed NY}}</ref> Originally, [[Christian de Portzamparc]] was hired to design the buildings.<ref name="Brown e586" /><ref name="Chaban x582">{{cite news |last=Brown |first=Eliot |date=September 23, 2012 |title=Architect Switch Irks City Officials |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10000872396390444180004578014722118062736 |access-date=October 9, 2024 |work=The Wall Street Journal |page= |issn=0099-9660 |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |date=September 24, 2012 |title=Despite plans, Christian de Portzamparc may not design Carlyle's Riverside Center |url=https://therealdeal.com/new-york/2012/09/24/205183/ |access-date=October 10, 2024 |website=The Real Deal}}</ref> Riverside Center, covering {{Convert|3.1|e6ft2}}, was modeled on the design of [[Battery Park City]],<ref>{{cite news |last=Forsythe |first=Jason |date=Sep 20, 2009 |title=Luxury Homes & Estates: Fall Preview |work=The New York Times |pages=51, 54-58 |issn=0362-4331 |id={{ProQuest|215470468}}}}</ref> with 2,500 residential units, retail, a cinema, a K-5 school, a hotel, and open space.<ref name="Warerkar 2015">{{cite news |last=Warerkar |first=Tanay |date=December 4, 2015 |title=Extell Sells a Portion of Riverside Center For $265M |url=https://ny.curbed.com/2015/12/4/9894124/extell-sells-a-portion-of-riverside-center-for-265m |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190119121028/https://ny.curbed.com/2015/12/4/9894124/extell-sells-a-portion-of-riverside-center-for-265m |archive-date=January 19, 2019 |access-date=January 18, 2019 |work=Curbed NY}}</ref> The first site, known as site 2, would have contained 616 apartments and a school.<ref>{{cite web |last=Budin |first=Jeremiah |date=August 14, 2012 |title=Riverside Center Reveals Affordable Housing Details |url=https://ny.curbed.com/2012/8/14/10340032/riverside-center-reveals-affordable-housing-details |access-date=October 10, 2024 |website=Curbed NY |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |last=Frost |first=Emily |date=August 15, 2012 |title=Riverside Center's Affordable Housing Plan Gets Nod from Community Board |url=https://www.dnainfo.com/new-york/20120815/upper-west-side/riverside-centers-affordable-housing-plan-gets-nod-from-community-board/ |access-date=October 10, 2024 |website=DNAinfo New York}}</ref> Local residents quickly organized in opposition to the plans; among other things, they objected to the presence of 1,800 parking spaces and an automobile dealership.<ref>{{cite web |last=Li |first=Roland |date=June 4, 2010 |title=Barnett on Riverside Center: ‘There’s Only So Much We Can Give Up’ |url=https://observer.com/2010/06/barnett-on-riverside-center-theres-only-so-much-we-can-give-up/ |access-date=October 31, 2024 |website=Observer}}</ref> In mid-2010, Community Board 7 voted to recommend that the city government disapprove the plans for Riverside Center,<ref>{{cite web |date=July 23, 2010 |title=Community Board Approves Its Disapproval of Riverside Center |url=https://observer.com/2010/07/community-board-approves-its-disapproval-of-riverside-center/ |access-date=October 31, 2024 |website=Observer |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |last=Staropoli |first=Anna |last2=Trombola |first2=Nick |last3=Durso |first3=Isabelle |date=July 7, 2010 |title=Upper West Side’s Final Frontier! Community Board Scrutinizes Riverside Center |url=https://commercialobserver.com/2010/07/upper-west-sides-final-frontier-community-board-scrutinizes-riverside-center/ |access-date=October 31, 2024 |website=Commercial Observer}}</ref> and Manhattan borough president [[Scott Stringer]] also refused to accept the plans.<ref>{{cite web |last=Chaban |first=Matt |date=August 31, 2010 |title=BP Stringer Throws Water on Riverside Center |url=https://www.archpaper.com/2010/08/bp-stringer-throws-water-on-extells-riverside-center/ |access-date=October 31, 2024 |website=The Architect’s Newspaper |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |last=Brown |first=Eliot |date=September 1, 2010 |title=Stringer Gives Extell Thumbs Down on Riverside Center |url=https://observer.com/2010/09/stringer-gives-extell-thumbs-down-on-riverside-center/ |access-date=October 31, 2024 |website=Observer}}</ref> In response, Extell agreed to add school space and affordable housing,<ref>{{cite web |date=August 26, 2010 |title=Extell to add below-market rate housing at Riverside Center |url=https://therealdeal.com/new-york/2010/08/26/extell-to-add-below-market-rate-housing-at-riverside-center/ |access-date=October 31, 2024 |website=The Real Deal |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |last=Brown |first=Eliot |date=August 26, 2010 |title=Extell Ups Below-Market Rate Housing at Riverside Center |url=https://commercialobserver.com/2010/08/extell-ups-belowmarket-rate-housing-at-riverside-center/ |access-date=October 31, 2024 |website=Commercial Observer}}</ref> and it also agreed to improve parks in the area.<ref>{{cite web |last=Arak |first=Joey |date=December 9, 2010 |title=Riverside Center Wins Another Round |url=https://ny.curbed.com/2010/12/9/10491880/riverside-center-wins-another-round |access-date=October 31, 2024 |website=Curbed NY |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |last=Albrecht |first=Leslie |date=December 9, 2010 |title=Extell Amends Riverside Center Plan to Include Affordable Housing, Parks Improvements |url=https://www.dnainfo.com/20101209/upper-west-side/extell-amends-riverside-center-plan-include-affordable-housing-parks-improvements/ |access-date=October 31, 2024 |website=DNAinfo New York}}</ref>

The City Council approved Riverside Center's towers in December 2010,<ref>{{cite news |last=Arak |first=Joey |date=December 20, 2010 |title=Council Approves Five Towers of Fun at the UWS's Riverside Center |url=https://ny.curbed.com/2010/12/20/10490318/council-approves-five-towers-of-fun-at-the-uwss-riverside-center |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190119121313/https://ny.curbed.com/2010/12/20/10490318/council-approves-five-towers-of-fun-at-the-uwss-riverside-center |archive-date=January 19, 2019 |access-date=January 18, 2019 |work=Curbed NY |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |last=Bagli |first=Charles V. |date=December 20, 2010 |title=West Side Apartment Towers Approved |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/12/21/nyregion/21riverside.html |access-date=October 10, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> following a protracted dispute over the zoning.<ref name="p2729893326" /> Extell hired Dattner Architects to design Riverside Center's school.<ref>{{cite web |last=Albrecht |first=Leslie |date=December 15, 2011 |title=Plans Reveal Upper West Side's First New School Building in Decades |url=https://www.dnainfo.com/20111215/upper-west-side/plans-reveal-upper-west-sides-first-new-school-building-decades/ |access-date=October 31, 2024 |website=DNAinfo New York |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |date=June 20, 2011 |title=Dattner to design Extell's Riverside school |url=https://therealdeal.com/new-york/2011/06/20/dattner-architects-to-design-extell-development-s-riverside-center-public-school/ |access-date=October 31, 2024 |website=The Real Deal}}</ref> Carlyle Group solicited bids for the development of the five Riverside Center sites, inviting Extell to submit a bid.<ref name="Chaban x5822" /> Dermot Realty Management Company won the bid to develop site 2,<ref name="Chaban x5822" /> and the company bought the site in December 2012 for $70 million.<ref>{{cite web |date=December 19, 2012 |title=Extell, liquidating assets ahead of new tower, sells Riverside Center development for $70M |url=https://therealdeal.com/new-york/2012/12/19/barnett-liquidates-assets-ahead-of-new-tower-sells-riverside-center-development-for-70m/ |access-date=October 10, 2024 |website=The Real Deal}}</ref> Dermot also hired [[SLCE Architects]] to design the building at site 2, replacing de Portzamparc as the architect there.<ref name="Chaban x5822" /><ref name="Chaban x582" />  [[Silverstein Properties]] and [[El-Ad Group]] paid $160 million in 2013 for One West End Avenue, one of the five sites in the Riverside Center project.<ref>{{cite web |last=Dailey |first=Jessica |date=November 14, 2013 |title=Silverstein Properties, Elad Group Join Riverside Center Fun |url=https://ny.curbed.com/2013/11/14/10175386/silverstein-properties-elad-group-join-riverside-center-fun |access-date=October 10, 2024 |website=Curbed NY |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |last=Voien |first=Guelda |date=November 13, 2013 |title=Elad, Silverstein team up on sprawling Riverside South project |url=https://therealdeal.com/new-york/2013/11/13/elad-silverstein-team-up-on-sprawling-riverside-south-project/ |access-date=October 10, 2024 |website=The Real Deal}}</ref> Silverstein and El-Ad's site became the One West End condominium building, while Dermot's site became the 21 West End Avenue rental building.<ref name="nyt20141116">{{cite web |last=Hughes |first=C. J. |date=November 14, 2014 |title=Residential Towers Finish Project on Far West Side |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/16/realestate/residential-towers-finish-project-on-far-west-side.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160517202238/http://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/16/realestate/residential-towers-finish-project-on-far-west-side.html |archive-date=May 17, 2016 |access-date=May 17, 2016 |website=The New York Times}}</ref>  

In 2014, Extell announced plans for the remaining three sites in Riverside Center,<ref>{{cite web |last=Hylton |first=Ondel |date=July 17, 2014 |title=Still Portzamparc-ish: New Images of Extell's Riverside Center Uncovered |url=https://www.6sqft.com/still-portzamparc-ish-new-images-of-extells-riverside-center-uncovered/ |access-date=October 10, 2024 |website=6sqft |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |last=Alberts |first=Hana R. |date=July 17, 2014 |title=So Is This What the Massive Riverside Center Will Look Like? |url=https://ny.curbed.com/2014/7/17/10071812/so-is-this-what-the-massive-riverside-center-will-look-like |access-date=October 10, 2024 |website=Curbed NY}}</ref> and [[Collegiate School (New York City)|Collegiate School]] announced plans for a 10-story campus building at 301 Freedom Place South.<ref>{{cite web |last=Bockmann |first=Rich |date=December 29, 2014 |title=Collegiate School files plans for Riverside South building |url=http://therealdeal.com/2014/12/29/collegiate-school-files-plans-for-riverside-south-building/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160422181102/http://therealdeal.com/2014/12/29/collegiate-school-files-plans-for-riverside-south-building/ |archive-date=April 22, 2016 |access-date=May 17, 2016 |website=The Real Deal New York}}</ref> Extell never developed the remaining Riverside Center sites. General Investment and Development Companies (GID) bought the site at 400 West 61st Street in May 2015,<ref>{{cite web |last=Hofmann |first=Tess |date=April 30, 2015 |title=GID Development buys part of Extell, Carlyle's Riverside Center for $410M |url=https://therealdeal.com/new-york/2015/04/30/gid-development-buys-part-of-extell-carlyles-riverside-center-for-410m/ |access-date=October 31, 2024 |website=The Real Deal}}</ref> and GID bought additional land at 20 Riverside Boulevard that November.<ref name="Warerkar 2015" /> GID bought the remaining tract at Riverside Center in December 2015.<ref name="Warerkar 2015" /><ref>{{cite web |last=Mashayekhi |first=Rey |date=December 4, 2015 |title=GID pays $265M for latest slice of Riverside Center site |url=https://therealdeal.com/new-york/2015/12/04/gid-pays-265m-for-latest-slice-of-riverside-center-site/ |access-date=October 31, 2024 |website=The Real Deal |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |last=Guerre |first=Liam La |date=December 4, 2015 |title=Extell, The Carlyle Group Sell Riverside Center Land for $265M |url=https://commercialobserver.com/2015/12/extell-the-carlyle-group-sells-riverside-center-land-for-265m/ |access-date=October 31, 2024 |website=Commercial Observer}}</ref> The project became [[Waterline Square]], which was completed in 2020;<ref>{{cite web |last=Marcut |first=Adina |date=December 22, 2020 |title=Behind the Megaproject That Completes the Riverside South Master Plan |url=https://www.multihousingnews.com/behind-the-megaproject-that-completes-the-riverside-south-master-plan/ |access-date=October 8, 2024 |website=Multi-Housing News}}</ref> the Waterline Square project includes three towers with 1,132 total units.<ref name="Hughes 2017">{{cite news |last=Hughes |first=C.J. |date=June 16, 2017 |title=The Last Piece of a Far West Side Project Gets Built |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/16/realestate/waterline-square-far-west-side-59th-street.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190119174342/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/16/realestate/waterline-square-far-west-side-59th-street.html |archive-date=January 19, 2019 |access-date=January 18, 2019 |work=The New York Times}}</ref> [[Richard Meier & Partners]], [[Kohn Pedersen Fox]], and [[Rafael Viñoly]] designed the three Waterline Square towers.<ref>{{cite web |last=Schulz |first=Dana |date=September 25, 2020 |title=Waterline Square's amenities include an indoor skate park, full tennis court, and a rock-climbing wall |url=https://www.6sqft.com/waterline-squares-amenities-include-an-indoor-skate-park-full-tennis-court-and-a-rock-climbing-wall/ |access-date=October 10, 2024 |website=6sqft |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |last=Rosenberg |first=Zoe |date=November 17, 2016 |title=Three starchitects tapped to realize delayed UWS development |url=https://ny.curbed.com/2016/11/17/13660260/richard-meier-rafael-vinoly-kpf-waterline-square-nyc |access-date=October 10, 2024 |website=Curbed NY}}</ref>

==== 2010s to present ====
Extell began soliciting applications in 2015 for the 55 affordable-housing units at One Riverside Park; more than 80,000 people applied.<ref>{{cite web |last=Navarro |first=Mireya |date=April 20, 2015 |title=88,000 Applicants and Counting for 55 Units in 'Poor Door' Building |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/21/nyregion/poor-door-building-draws-88000-applicants-for-55-rental-units.html |access-date=October 10, 2024 |website=The New York Times |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |date=April 21, 2015 |title=Extell's UWS development draws 90K applicants for 55 spots |url=https://therealdeal.com/new-york/2015/04/21/extells-uws-development-draws-90k-applicants-for-55-spots/ |access-date=October 10, 2024 |website=The Real Deal}}</ref> Silverstein and El Ad began selling the condos at One West End the same year,<ref>{{cite web |last=Hofmann |first=Tess |date=June 4, 2015 |title=Silverstein, Elad launch sales at One West End Avenue: PHOTOS |url=https://therealdeal.com/new-york/2015/06/04/silverstein-elad-launch-sales-at-one-west-end-avenue-photos/ |access-date=October 10, 2024 |website=The Real Deal |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |last=Rosenberg |first=Zoe |date=June 24, 2015 |title=First Look Inside One West End's Condos, Starting at $1.3M |url=https://ny.curbed.com/2015/6/24/9946788/first-look-inside-one-west-ends-condos-starting-at-1-3m |access-date=October 10, 2024 |website=Curbed NY}}</ref> and Dermot also began renting out units at 21 West End Avenue.<ref>{{cite web |last=Rosenberg |first=Zoe |date=August 16, 2016 |title=Riverside Center rentals with over-the-top amenities ask from $3,140 |url=https://ny.curbed.com/2016/8/16/12505192/riverside-center-rentals-west-end-avenue |access-date=October 31, 2024 |website=Curbed NY |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |date=August 17, 2016 |title=Dermot's 21 West End launches leasing |url=https://therealdeal.com/new-york/2016/08/17/dermots-21-west-end-launches-leasing/ |access-date=October 31, 2024 |website=The Real Deal}}</ref>

Prior to 2016, six of the Riverside South buildings had signs reading "Trump Place" on their facades.<ref name="wp-2019-02-23">{{Cite news |last=Fahrenthold |first=David A. |date=February 23, 2019 |title=For the second time in two days, a building called Trump Place decides to take down the president's name |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/for-the-second-time-in-two-days-a-building-called-trump-place-decides-to-take-down-the-presidents-name/2019/02/22/cf4480d6-36b9-11e9-854a-7a14d7fec96a_story.html |access-date=October 8, 2024 |newspaper=Washington Post |language=en-US |issn=0190-8286}}</ref> After Trump won the [[2016 United States presidential election]], the residents of 140, 160, and 180 Riverside Boulevard voted to remove the Trump Place signage from their respective structures.<ref>{{cite news |last=Hawkins |first=Derek |date=November 16, 2016 |title=Donald Trump's name to be dropped from 3 NYC buildings after residents petition for removal |url=http://www.journalnow.com/news/nation_world/donald-trump-s-name-to-be-dropped-from-nyc-buildings/article_eb959450-ac0f-11e6-a6e6-977fb0898d08.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161117064153/http://www.journalnow.com/news/nation_world/donald-trump-s-name-to-be-dropped-from-nyc-buildings/article_eb959450-ac0f-11e6-a6e6-977fb0898d08.html |archive-date=November 17, 2016 |access-date=November 16, 2016 |work=[[Winston-Salem Journal]] |postscript=none}}; {{cite news |last=Bagli |first=Charles V. |date=November 11, 2016 |title=Trump Won the Election but 3 Manhattan Buildings Will Lose His Name |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/16/nyregion/trump-won-the-election-but-3-manhattan-buildings-will-lose-his-name.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210201165426/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/16/nyregion/trump-won-the-election-but-3-manhattan-buildings-will-lose-his-name.html |archive-date=February 1, 2021 |access-date=February 12, 2017 |work=The New York Times |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |last1=Isidore |first1=Chris |last2=Malter |first2=Jordan |date=November 16, 2016 |title=Giant gold letters that spell 'Trump' come down from 3 NYC luxury buildings |url=https://money.cnn.com/2016/11/16/news/companies/trump-place-name-change/index.html |access-date=October 8, 2024 |website=CNNMoney |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |last=Gabbatt |first=Adam |date=November 15, 2016 |title=Trump's name to be removed from New York buildings to appeal to renters |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/nov/15/new-york-trump-buildings-trump-place-name-removed |access-date=October 8, 2024 |website=the Guardian}}</ref> Many of these residents had been [[Protests against Donald Trump|politically opposed to Trump]] and had signed petitions in favor of the removal of the Trump name.<ref>{{cite web |last=Bagli |first=Charles V. |date=October 24, 2016 |title=What's in a Name? When It's 'Trump Place,' It's a Revolt |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/25/nyregion/trump-place-buildings-name-change.html |access-date=October 8, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> The Trump signage was removed from 200 Riverside Boulevard in October 2018 after that building's residents also voted to remove the signs.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bump |first=Philip |date=October 19, 2018 |title=Onlookers cheer as 'Trump Place' is pried from condo building |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/onlookers-cheer-as-trump-place-is-pried-from-condo-building/2018/10/18/2e47b3ce-d2fa-11e8-8c22-fa2ef74bd6d6_story.html |access-date=October 8, 2024 |newspaper=Washington Post |language=en-US |issn=0190-8286 |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |last=Bagli |first=Charles V. |date=October 17, 2018 |title=Liberal Upper West Siders Get Their Revenge: Trump Place Sign Comes Down |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/17/nyregion/trump-place-sign-condo-manhattan.html |access-date=October 8, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> The Trump signage was also removed from the facade of 120 Riverside Boulevard in 2019;<ref>{{cite web |last=Fahrenthold |first=David A. |date=February 22, 2019 |title=Another group of people have voted to remove 'Trump Place' from their building |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/trump-place-sign-removed-new-york-manhattan-condo-riverside-boulevard-a8791411.html |access-date=October 8, 2024 |website=The Independent |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |date=February 22, 2019 |title=Yet another UWS condo board is removing Trump's name from building facade |url=https://therealdeal.com/new-york/2019/02/22/yet-another-uws-condo-board-is-removing-trumps-name-from-building-facade/ |access-date=October 8, 2024 |website=The Real Deal}}</ref> this was followed shortly afterward by the removal of Trump signage on 220 Riverside Boulevard, the final building in the complex that still bore the Trump Place name.<ref name="wp-2019-02-23" /><ref>{{cite web |last=Nir |first=Sarah Maslin |date=February 22, 2019 |title=The Upper West Side's Banishment of 'Trump' on Buildings Is Almost Complete |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/22/nyregion/trump-name-removed-buildings.html |access-date=October 8, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref>

Riverside Park South's fifth phase opened in 2020.<ref name="Schulz b9142">{{cite web |last=Schulz |first=Dana |date=October 23, 2020 |title=Riverside Park opens new section with playgrounds, volleyball, lawns, and more |url=https://www.6sqft.com/riverside-park-south-phase-five-opens/ |access-date=October 31, 2024 |website=6sqft |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |last=Saltonstall |first=Gus |date=October 22, 2020 |title=New Section Opened In Riverside Park South: Pictures |url=https://patch.com/new-york/upper-west-side-nyc/new-section-opened-riverside-park-south-project-pictures |access-date=October 31, 2024 |website=Upper West Side, NY Patch}}</ref> A&E Real Estate bought 140 Riverside Boulevard in 2022 for $266 million,<ref name="Rizzi g893" /> and that firm paid another $415 million for 160 Riverside Boulevard the same year.<ref>{{cite web | last=Steele | first=Jeffrey | title=A&E Real Estate Buys Manhattan Apartments for $415M | website=Multi-Housing News | date=July 18, 2022 | url=https://www.multihousingnews.com/ae-real-estate-buys-manhattan-apartments-for-415m/ | access-date=October 31, 2024|postscript=none}}; {{cite web | last=Cunningham | first=Cathy | title=A&E Real Estate Buys 160 Riverside Boulevard for $415M | website=Commercial Observer | date=July 15, 2022 | url=https://commercialobserver.com/2022/07/ae-real-estate-160-riverside-cbre-zell/ | access-date=October 31, 2024}}</ref>

== Buildings ==
[[File:Trump Place street jeh.JPG|thumb|right|267px|Street view of Riverside South buildings]]
Overall, the development consists of 19 apartment buildings, [[condominium]]s, and lease properties.<ref name="nyt20120226" /> {{As of|2012|alt=As of 2012}}, the buildings housed a combined 8,000 people; the area was collectively called "Riverside Boulevard" after its main street, or "The Strip" after its long, narrow shape. Six more towers with a combined 3,000 units, as well as a school, a hotel, retail and restaurant space, and space for a movie theater, had yet to be completed. A {{convert|3.4|acre|ha|adj=on}} park between the buildings was in the planning stages.<ref name="nyt20120226">{{cite web | last=Gregor | first=Alison | title=All This Neighborhood Needs Is a Name | website=The New York Times | date=February 24, 2012 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/26/realestate/all-this-neighborhood-needs-is-a-name.html | access-date=May 17, 2016 | archive-date=June 23, 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160623002803/http://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/26/realestate/all-this-neighborhood-needs-is-a-name.html | url-status=live}}</ref> The towers were constructed as [[green buildings]].<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Denitto |first=Emily |date=Apr 21, 1997 |title=Environmentally sound properties help owners seed greener fields |magazine=Crain's New York Business |page=37 |volume=13 |issue=16 |id={{ProQuest|219128803}}}}</ref> Each structure's facade has a [[Setback (architecture)|setback]] no higher than {{Convert|125|to|150|ft|abbr=}} from the street; this was intended to reduce the buildings' visual impact.<ref name="Pogrebin t228" />

=== Housing types ===
Most living units in Riverside South are high-end housing, costing at least ${{convert|2,000|/ft2|/m2}}.<ref name="nyt20120226" /> Per-foot real estate prices for Riverside South housing rose 66% from 2004 to 2014, compared with a 43% increase in real estate on the Upper West Side overall.<ref name="nyt20141116" /> For instance, baseball player [[Alex Rodriguez]] bought a 39th-floor Rushmore condominium for $5.5 million in March 2011, then sold it for $8 million in January 2012.<ref name="nyt20120226" />

At the same time, 12% to 20% of the units will be designated as [[Affordable housing|affordable]], as required by the CPC approval of the project.<ref>{{Cite web | last=Spinola | first=Steven | date=December 23, 2014 | url=http://rew-online.com/2014/12/23/riverside-south-provides-pathway-to-housing-new-yorkers/ | title=Riverside South provides pathway to housing New Yorkers | work=[[Real Estate Weekly]] | access-date=May 15, 2016 | archive-date=October 9, 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009084355/http://rew-online.com/2014/12/23/riverside-south-provides-pathway-to-housing-new-yorkers/ | url-status=dead}}</ref> However, some buildings in the development, such as [[One Riverside Park]], came under controversy for having separate entrances for affordable-housing residents,<ref>{{Cite news|last=Moyer|first=Justin Wm|date=October 25, 2021|title=NYC bans 'poor doors' — separate entrances for low-income tenants|language=en-US|newspaper=Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2015/06/30/nyc-bans-poor-doors-separate-entrances-for-low-income-tenants/|access-date=January 4, 2024|issn=0190-8286}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Navarro|first=Mireya|date=August 26, 2014|title='Poor Door' in a New York Tower Opens a Fight Over Affordable Housing|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/27/nyregion/separate-entryways-for-new-york-condo-buyers-and-renters-create-an-affordable-housing-dilemma.html|access-date=January 4, 2024|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=January 4, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240104013810/https://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/27/nyregion/separate-entryways-for-new-york-condo-buyers-and-renters-create-an-affordable-housing-dilemma.html|url-status=live}}</ref> despite the legality of such "poor doors" in mixed-housing buildings.<ref>{{cite news|title=Thousands of applicants are willing to accept NYC "Poor Door" building |date= May 1, 2015 |first=Mitzie |last=Smith-Mack |publisher= Ballard Spahr LLP|place=Philadelphia|url=http://www.jdsupra.com/legalnews/thousands-of-applicants-are-willing-to-a-73878/}}</ref>

=== Notable structures ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Address{{\}}Name !! Completion date !! Height (ft/m) !! Stories !! Apartments !! Notes/references
|-
|[[One Riverside Park|40 Riverside Boulevard{{\}}One Riverside Park]] || 2015 || {{convert|375|ft|0}} || 33 || 219 || <ref>{{cite web |date=October 28, 2024 |title=One Riverside Park, 50 Riverside Boulevard, NYC |url=https://www.cityrealty.com/nyc/riverside-dr-west-end-ave/one-riverside-park-50-riverside-boulevard/54711 |access-date=October 28, 2024 |website=CityRealty|postscript=none}}; {{cite web |title=One Riverside Park – The Skyscraper Center |url=https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/one-riverside-park/16607 |access-date=October 28, 2024 |website=Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat – CTBUH}}</ref>
|-
| 60 Riverside Boulevard{{\}}The Aldyn || 2011 || {{convert|395|ft|0}} || 38 || 136 || <ref>{{cite web | title=The Aldyn, 60 Riverside Boulevard, NYC | website=CityRealty | date=October 28, 2024 | url=https://www.cityrealty.com/nyc/riverside-dr-west-end-ave/the-aldyn-60-riverside-boulevard/47611 | access-date=October 28, 2024|postscript=none}}; {{cite web | title=The Aldyn – The Skyscraper Center | website=Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat – CTBUH | url=https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/the-aldyn/13990 | access-date=October 28, 2024}}</ref>
|-
| 80 Riverside Boulevard{{\}}The Rushmore || 2008 || {{convert|425|ft|0}} || 41  || 271 || <ref>{{cite web | title=The Rushmore, 80 Riverside Boulevard, NYC | website=CityRealty | date=October 28, 2024 | url=https://www.cityrealty.com/nyc/riverside-dr-west-end-ave/the-rushmore-80-riverside-boulevard/34001 | access-date=October 28, 2024|postscript=none}}; {{cite web | title=The Avery – The Skyscraper Center | website=Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat – CTBUH | url=https://www.skyscrapercentre.com/building/the-avery/11889 | access-date=October 28, 2024}}</ref>
|-
| 100 Riverside Boulevard{{\}}The Avery || 2008 || {{convert|344|ft|0}} || 30  || 274 || <ref name="Hughes z845" /><ref>{{cite web | title=Avery, 100 Riverside Boulevard, NYC | website=CityRealty | date=October 28, 2024 | url=https://www.cityrealty.com/nyc/riverside-dr-west-end-ave/avery-100-riverside-boulevard/33841 | access-date=October 28, 2024|postscript=none}}; {{cite web | title=The Avery – The Skyscraper Center | website=Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat – CTBUH | url=https://www.skyscrapercentre.com/building/the-avery/11889 | access-date=October 28, 2024}}</ref>
|-
| 120 Riverside Boulevard || 2004 || {{convert|230|ft|0}} || 18 || 275 || <ref>{{cite web | title=120 Riverside Boulevard, NYC | website=CityRealty | date=October 28, 2024 | url=https://www.cityrealty.com/nyc/riverside-dr-west-end-ave/120-riverside-boulevard/29947 | access-date=October 28, 2024|postscript=none}}; {{cite web | title=120 Riverside Boulevard at Trump Place – The Skyscraper Center | website=Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat – CTBUH | url=https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/120-riverside-boulevard-at-trump-place/13989 | access-date=October 28, 2024}}</ref>
|-
| 140 Riverside Boulevard || 2003 || {{convert|338|ft|0}} || 26 || 354 || <ref name="Rizzi g893">{{cite web | last=Rizzi | first=Nicholas | title=Sam Zell Offloads Former Trump Place to A&E for $266M | website=Commercial Observer | date=April 8, 2022 | url=https://commercialobserver.com/2022/04/sam-zell-offloads-former-trump-place-to-ae-for-266m/ | access-date=October 28, 2024|postscript=none}}; {{cite web | last=Wong | first=Natalie | title=New York City Rental Building That Nixed Trump Name Sold for $266 Million | website=Bloomberg.com | date=April 7, 2022 | url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-04-07/nyc-rental-building-that-nixed-trump-name-sold-for-266-million | access-date=October 28, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=140 Riverside Boulevard at Trump Place – The Skyscraper Center | website=Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat – CTBUH | url=https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/140-riverside-boulevard-at-trump-place/11890 | access-date=October 28, 2024}}</ref>
|-
| 160 Riverside Boulevard || 2001 || {{convert|354|ft|0}} || 33 || 459 || <ref name="p313709379" /><ref>{{cite web | title=160 Riverside Boulevard at Trump Place – The Skyscraper Center | website=Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat – CTBUH | url=https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/160-riverside-boulevard-at-trump-place/11891 | access-date=October 28, 2024}}</ref>
|-
| 180 Riverside Boulevard || 1999 || {{convert|422|ft|0}} || 40 || 516 || <ref name="Rothstein x858" /><ref>{{cite web | title=180 Riverside Boulevard at Trump Place – The Skyscraper Center | website=Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat – CTBUH | url=https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/180-riverside-boulevard-at-trump-place/11644 | access-date=October 28, 2024}}</ref>
|-
| 200 Riverside Boulevard || 2000 || {{convert|492|ft|0}} || 46 || 377 || <ref name="Rothstein x858" /><ref name="xWDaZ">{{cite web | title=200 Riverside Boulevard At Trump Place – The Skyscraper Center | website=Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat – CTBUH | url=https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/200-riverside-boulevard-at-trump-place/3992 | access-date=October 28, 2024}}</ref>
|-
| 220 Riverside Boulevard || 2003 || {{convert|542|ft|0}} || 49 || 430 || <ref>{{cite web | last=Clarke | first=Katherine | title=Bruce Willis sells Trump Place unit for $3.9M | website=The Real Deal | date=July 13, 2011 | url=https://therealdeal.com/new-york/2011/07/13/bruce-willis-sells-trump-place-condo-for-3-9m/ | access-date=October 28, 2024}}</ref><ref name="xWDaZ" />
|-
| 240 Riverside Boulevard{{\}}The Heritage || 2004 || {{convert|362|ft|0}} || 31 || 170 || <ref name="p200346709" /><ref>{{cite web |title=The Heritage At Trump Place, Upper West Side, New York, NY 10069 |url=https://www.brownstoner.com/building/BUILDING-07f71d9467f69560f08fd821e7875bfc/240-riverside-boulevard-upper-west-side-ny-10069/ |access-date=October 28, 2024 |website=Brownstoner |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |title=The Heritage At Trump Place, Upper West Side, New York, NY 10069 |url=https://www.brownstoner.com/building/BUILDING-07f71d9467f69560f08fd821e7875bfc/240-riverside-boulevard-upper-west-side-ny-10069/ |access-date=October 28, 2024 |website=Brownstoner}}</ref>
|-
| [[Waterline Square#One Waterline Square|1 Waterline Square]] || 2019 || {{Convert|429|ft|0}} || 36 || 272 || <ref name="Hughes 2017" /><ref>{{cite web | title=One Waterline Square - The Skyscraper Center | website=Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat – CTBUH | url=https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/one-waterline-square/27898 | access-date=October 28, 2024}}</ref>
|-
| [[Waterline Square#Two Waterline Square|2 Waterline Square]] || 2019 || {{Convert|397|ft|0}} || 38 || 646 || <ref name="Hughes 2017" /><ref>{{cite web | title=Two Waterline Square - The Skyscraper Center | website=Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat – CTBUH | url=https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/two-waterline-square/27897 | access-date=October 28, 2024}}</ref>
|-
| [[Waterline Square#Three Waterline Square|3 Waterline Square]] || 2019 || {{Convert|391|ft|0}} || 34 || 244 || <ref name="Hughes 2017" /><ref>{{cite web | title=Three Waterline Square - The Skyscraper Center | website=Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat – CTBUH | url=https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/three-waterline-square/27899 | access-date=October 28, 2024}}</ref>
|-
| 400 West 63rd Street{{\}}The Ashley || 2010 || {{N/A}} || 23 || 209 || <ref>{{cite web | title=CityRealty review of The Ashley, 400 West 63rd Street | website=CityRealty | date=March 20, 2015 | url=https://www.cityrealty.com/nyc/riverside-dr-west-end-ave/the-ashley-400-west-63rd-street/review/46851 | access-date=October 28, 2024}}</ref>
|-
|1 West End Avenue{{\}}Riverside Center Building 5 || 2017 || {{Convert|513|ft|0}} || 43 || 246 || <ref>{{cite web |date=October 28, 2024 |title=1 West End Avenue, NYC |url=https://www.cityrealty.com/nyc/riverside-dr-west-end-ave/one-west-end-1-west-end-avenue/58472 |access-date=October 28, 2024 |website=CityRealty |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |title=1 West End Avenue – The Skyscraper Center |url=https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/1-west-end-avenue/14022 |access-date=October 28, 2024 |website=Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat – CTBUH}}</ref>
|-
|21 West End Avenue{{\}}Riverside Center Building 2 || 2016 || {{Convert|529|ft|0}} || 45 || 616 || <ref>{{cite web | title=21 West End Avenue, NYC | website=CityRealty | date=October 28, 2024 | url=https://www.cityrealty.com/nyc/lincoln-center/21-west-end-avenue/57412 | access-date=October 28, 2024|postscript=none}}; {{cite web | title=21 West End Avenue - The Skyscraper Center | website=Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat – CTBUH | url=https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/21-west-end-avenue/14025 | access-date=October 28, 2024}}</ref>
|-
|75 West End Avenue{{\}}West End Towers || 1995 || {{Convert|404|ft|0}} || 39 || 1,000 || <ref>{{cite web |date=October 20, 2024 |title=West End Towers, 75 West End Avenue, NYC |url=https://www.cityrealty.com/nyc/riverside-dr-west-end-ave/west-end-towers-75-west-end-avenue/7477 |access-date=October 28, 2024 |website=CityRealty |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |title=West End Towers – The Skyscraper Center |url=https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/west-end-towers/11888 |access-date=October 28, 2024 |website=Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat – CTBUH}}</ref>
|-
|101 West End Avenue{{\}}Archstone || 2000 || {{convert|370|ft|0}} || 33 || 503 || <ref>{{cite web |date=October 28, 2024 |title=101 West End Avenue, NYC |url=https://www.cityrealty.com/nyc/riverside-dr-west-end-ave/101-west-end-101-west-end-avenue/5524 |access-date=October 28, 2024 |website=CityRealty |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |title=Archstone 101 West End – The Skyscraper Center |url=https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/archstone-101-west-end/16339 |access-date=October 28, 2024 |website=Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat – CTBUH}}</ref>
|}
Trump and Hudson Waterfront Associates built the first seven buildings at Riverside South.<ref name="p2729893326" /><ref name="nyt20120226" /> Three additional buildings were completed by Extell: the Avery, the Rushmore, and the Aldyn.<ref name="p2729893326" /><ref>City Planning Commission, [http://www1.nyc.gov/assets/planning/download/pdf/about/cpc/100296a.pdf Report on Riverside Center] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170215224625/http://www1.nyc.gov/assets/planning/download/pdf/about/cpc/100296a.pdf|date=February 15, 2017}}, October 27, 2010.</ref> To attract families, Extell added various amenities to these three buildings, including  playrooms, a bowling alley, a basketball court, and other sports facilities.<ref>{{cite web |last=Barrionuevo |first=Alexei |date=March 30, 2012 |title=Selling Condos? It’s Child’s Play |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/01/realestate/big-deal-selling-condos-its-childs-play.html |access-date=October 31, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> The southern end of the development includes the 362-unit One West End condominium building, as well as a 616-unit rental building at 21 West End Avenue.<ref name="nyt20141116" />

== Parks ==

=== Riverside Park South ===
[[File:Little Engine Playground in Trump Pl jeh.jpg|thumb|267px|The Little Engine Playground in Riverside Park South]]

The {{convert|25|acre|ha|sing=on}} Riverside Park South is an extension of [[Riverside Park (Manhattan)|Riverside Park]]<ref name="Goldberger 1990" /> and is funded by fees paid by Riverside South's residents.<ref>{{cite web |last=Williams |first=Timothy |date=June 14, 2007 |title=Planned Parks May Cost City Too Much, Group Warns |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/06/14/nyregion/14parks.html |access-date=October 31, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> Phase 1, a {{convert|7|acre|ha|sing=on}} section from 72nd to 68th Streets, was opened in April 2001.<ref name="p305594426" /> Pier I at 70th Street, part of the railyard, was rebuilt; it maintains its original length of {{convert|795|ft|m}}, but is narrower than originally, at {{convert|55|ft|m}}.<ref>{{cite web | title=Pier I | website=Riverside Park NYC | date=February 8, 2013 | url=https://riversideparknyc.org/places/pier-1/ | access-date=May 17, 2016 | archive-date=March 22, 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160322032517/https://riversideparknyc.org/places/pier-1/ | url-status=dead}}</ref> Phase 2 comprises a waterfront section from 70th Street to 65th Street and opened in June 2003.<ref name="n157993082" /> It has two plazas at 66th and 68th Streets, as well as a jagged waterfront.<ref name="park-history" /> Phase 3, opened in August 2006,<ref name="Collins a103" /> stretches from 65th to 62nd streets on the waterfront. <ref name="park-history" /> Phase 4 opened in 2008 along the waterfront, extending from 63rd to 59th streets (overlapping with phase 3).<ref name="p2221615836" /> A new mixed-use bikeway and walkway was also built through the park, linking Hudson River Park with Riverside Park.<ref name="FNY West Side Freight Yards">{{cite web | title=West Side Freight Yards | website=Forgotten New York | date=March 2001 | url=http://forgotten-ny.com/2001/03/west-side-freightyards/ | access-date=May 17, 2016 | archive-date=February 19, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210219215933/https://forgotten-ny.com/2001/03/west-side-freightyards/ | url-status=live}}</ref>

The design of phases 5 and 6, located east of the elevated highway viaduct, was partly tied to the fate of the highway relocation.<ref name="box" /> Relocating the highway will require some reconstruction of the park.<ref>{{Cite web |title=SWA/Balsley Landscape Plan |url=http://www.tbany.com/projects/urban-design-and-planning/riverside-park-south-open-space-masterplan/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170215031258/http://www.tbany.com/projects/urban-design-and-planning/riverside-park-south-open-space-masterplan/ |archive-date=February 15, 2017 |access-date=February 1, 2017}}</ref> A fifth phase of Riverside Park South opened in October 2020, encompassing the land east of the West Side Highway from 65th to 68th streets.<ref name="Schulz b9142" /> The city plans to expand the park with new baseball and soccer fields, bikeways, lawns, picnic areas, and restrooms.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nycgovparks.org/planning-and-building/capital-project-tracker/project/2368 |title=Parks Department project information |access-date=February 1, 2017 |archive-date=October 25, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201025103233/https://www.nycgovparks.org/planning-and-building/capital-project-tracker/project/2368 |url-status=live}}</ref> 

[[File:West-side-riverside.jpg|thumb|right|267px|Soccer field at northern end of Riverside Park South]]
The park contains [[site-specific art|site-specific sculptures]], railway ruins, gardens, a waterfront [[promenade]], and a walkway.<ref>{{cite web | title=Exploring the Upper West Side's Riverside Park South | website=Curbed NY | date=September 6, 2012 | url=http://ny.curbed.com/2012/9/6/10332080/exploring-the-upper-west-sides-riverside-park-south | access-date=May 17, 2016 | archive-date=June 11, 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160611003818/http://ny.curbed.com/2012/9/6/10332080/exploring-the-upper-west-sides-riverside-park-south | url-status=live}}</ref> Portions of the former rail yard, such as the [[New York Central Railroad 69th Street Transfer Bridge]], were incorporated into the new park.<ref name="FNY transfer bridge">{{cite web | title=Transfer Bridge, Riverside Park | website=Forgotten New York | date=August 19, 2015 | url=http://forgotten-ny.com/2015/08/barge-transfer-station-riverside-park/ | access-date=May 17, 2016}}</ref><ref name="park-history">[http://riversideparknyc.org/history-of-park/ Park history] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303211636/http://riversideparknyc.org/history-of-park/ |date=March 3, 2016}}, riversideparknyc.org. Retrieved August 26, 2014.</ref><ref name="FNY West Side Freight Yards" /> The transfer bridge was listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]] in 2003.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cr.nps.gov/nr/listings/20030711.htm|title=National Register of Historic Places Listings July 11, 2003|work=nps.gov|access-date=June 24, 2015|archive-date=October 19, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121019021103/http://www.cr.nps.gov/nr/listings/20030711.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> Nearly a dozen rail yard ruins, such as a burnt warehouse frame, were ultimately integrated into the park.<ref name="FNY West Side Freight Yards" /> As a reminder of the location's history, New York Central Railroad logos are engraved onto park benches.<ref name="FNY West Side Freight Yards" />  A wooden pier named Pier D was originally preserved as part of the park,<ref>{{cite web |last=Dunlap |first=David W. |date=August 9, 2016 |title=Pier D Stands Out in the West Side's Industrial Past |url=https://archive.nytimes.com/cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2007/11/19/pier-d-stands-out-in-the-west-sides-industrial-past/ |access-date=October 30, 2024 |website=City Room}}</ref> but it was demolished in 2011 due to extreme deterioration.<ref>{{cite web |last=Kilgannon |first=Corey |date=January 21, 2011 |title=Remnant of an Industrial Past, Now Gone |url=https://archive.nytimes.com/cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/01/18/remnants-of-an-industrial-past-now-gone/ |access-date=October 30, 2024 |website=City Room}}</ref>

=== Other parks ===
A block away, on West End Avenue, a privately owned park has a remnant of a stone wall, as a remaining part of the embankment that dated to 1847. Construction workers had unearthed the stones during construction in 1994; some stones were salvaged for the new park during the four-day construction hiatus for archaeological excavation.<ref name="nyt20150827">{{Cite news|last=Dunlap|first=David W.|date=August 26, 2015|title=Park's Stone Wall Is a Vestige of Manhattan's Rail History|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/27/nyregion/parks-stone-wall-is-a-vestige-of-manhattans-rail-history.html|access-date=January 31, 2024|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=October 9, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009130005/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/27/nyregion/parks-stone-wall-is-a-vestige-of-manhattans-rail-history.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Other structures ==
[[Manhattan Community Board 7]] members blamed Trump for failing to build the proposed enhancement and monument at Freedom Place. However, the Riverside South Planning Corporation said that the Freedom Place plan was merely a concept for an arts program that was not included in the final project.<ref name="Lee 2002" />

A street called Freedom Place South, along the same axis as Freedom Place, runs southward from 64th to 59th streets, where the [[IRT Powerhouse]] and Riverside Center building are located.<ref>{{cite web | last=Gorshin | first=Maria | title=New York's 'Temple of Power': the 59th Street Powerstation | website=Untapped Cities | date=April 11, 2012 | url=http://untappedcities.com/2012/04/11/new-yorks-temple-of-power-the-59th-street-powerstation/ | access-date=May 17, 2016 | archive-date=May 31, 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160531174823/http://untappedcities.com/2012/04/11/new-yorks-temple-of-power-the-59th-street-powerstation/ | url-status=live}}</ref> Adjacent to the Powerhouse, and visible from Freedom Place South, is a [[tetrahedron]]-shaped building at 625 West 57th Street, also known as [[VIA 57 West]].<ref>{{cite web | last=Capps | first=Kriston | title=The Great Pyramids of Manhattan | website=The Atlantic | date=May 1, 2015 | url=https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2015/05/the-great-pyramids-of-manhattan/389576/ | access-date=May 17, 2016 | archive-date=April 25, 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150425232701/https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2015/05/the-great-pyramids-of-manhattan/389576/ | url-status=live}}</ref> In addition, there is an unused tunnel underneath a portion of Riverside Boulevard between 62nd and 65th streets, which was intended to carry traffic from the West Side Highway.<ref name="box" /> The tunnel measures approximately {{convert|0.8|mi}} long and {{convert|40|ft}} wide.<ref name="p235732552" />

==References==
{{Notelist}}

=== Citations ===
{{reflist|1=30em}}

=== Sources ===
* {{Cite magazine |last=Dixon |first=John Morris |date=June 1993 |title=Riverside South: Civics Lesson |url=https://usmodernist.org/PA/PA-1993-06.pdf |magazine=Progressive Architecture |pages=118–123 |id={{ProQuest|197301542}}}}
* {{Cite New York 1930}}
* {{Cite New York 2000}}

==External links==
{{Commons and category}}
* [http://files.secureserver.net/0sWfUZUK5YdMqj Paul Willen's history of Riverside South].
* Julia Vitullo-Martin, [https://web.archive.org/web/20141014232149/http://www.manhattan-institute.org/email/crd_newsletter01-04.html "The West Side Rethinks Donald Trump's Riverside South,"] The Manhattan Institute's Center for Rethinking Development, Newsletter, January 2004.
* Carter Horsley, [http://www.thecityreview.com/riverpk.htm "Riverside South Travesty: Politicians kill park component at Trump Development on West Side,"] The City Review.
* Carter Horsley, [https://www.thecityreview.com/uws/riverside/riversiddrvintro.html "Riverside Drive,"] The City Review.
* [http://www.waterfrontcenter.org:8080/Awards-0.1/search/show/34 The Waterfront Center Honor Award, 2011].

{{Upper West Side}}
{{Manhattan}}
{{Trump businesses}}

[[Category:1997 establishments in New York City]]
[[Category:Apartment buildings in New York City]]
[[Category:Donald Trump real estate]]
[[Category:Manhattan Waterfront Greenway]]
[[Category:Multi-building developments in New York City]]
[[Category:Neighborhoods in Manhattan]]
[[Category:Redevelopment projects in the United States]]
[[Category:Residential condominiums in New York City]]
[[Category:Residential skyscrapers in Manhattan]]
[[Category:Riverside Park (Manhattan)]]
[[Category:Upper West Side]]
[[Category:West Side Highway]]
[[Category:West Side Line]]