View source for SS Peleus

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin}} 
{{Infobox ship image
|Ship image=SS Peleus.jpg
|Ship caption=
}} 
{{Infobox ship career
|Hide header=
|Ship country=
|Ship flag=[[File:Flag of Greece.svg|60px]]
|Ship name=
*SS ''Egglestone'' (1928)
*SS ''Peleus'' (1928–1944)
|Ship operator=
*E. E. Hadjilias, [[Syros]] (1928–1933)
*Nereus Steam Navigation Co, [[Athens]] (1933–1944)
|Ship ordered= 
|Ship builder=[[William Gray & Company]], [[West Hartlepool]], [[England]]
|Ship yard number=999 
|Ship laid down=
|Ship launched= 6 February 1928 
|Ship completed=March 1928
|Ship acquired=
|Ship in service=
|Ship out of service= 
|Ship fate=Sunk on 13 March 1944
|Ship notes= 
}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
|Hide header=
|Header caption=
|Ship class= 
|Ship tonnage={{GRT|4,695|disp=long}}
|Ship displacement=
|Ship length= {{convert|400.2|ft|m|abbr=on}}
|Ship beam={{convert|54.2|ft|m|abbr=on}}
|Ship height=
|Ship draught=
|Ship depth={{convert|25.1|ft|m|abbr=on}}
|Ship ice class=
|Ship sail plan=
|Ship propulsion=T3cyl (26.5, 44, 73 x 48in), 476nhp, 1 screw 
|Ship speed=
|Ship capacity=
|Ship crew=35
|Ship notes=
}}
|}

'''SS ''Peleus''''' was a steam merchant ship built in 1928 by [[William Gray & Company]] of [[West Hartlepool]]. 
Originally named '''''Egglestone''''', she was acquired by E. E. Hadjilias, [[Syros]] and renamed after [[Pēleús]] ({{langx|el|Πηλεύς}}), the mythical King of [[Aegina]], and father of [[Achilles]]. ''Peleus'' was sold in 1933 to the Nereus Steam Navigation company. She had an uneventful career in peacetime, until the [[Second World War]]. She worked under charter for the British government during the war, and operated in the [[South Atlantic]], until her loss in March 1944 when she was torpedoed and sunk by [[German submarine U-852|U-''852'']].

==The Peleus Incident==

In March 1944 ''Peleus'' was travelling from [[Freetown]] to [[Buenos Aires]] in ballast under the command of her captain, Minas Mavris. On this trip she had a crew of 35 men, mostly Greek (18), but also British (8), Chinese (3), Egyptian (2), and four others. On the evening of 13 March 1944 she was spotted by [[German submarine U-852|''U-852'']], which was en route to her patrol area in the [[Indian Ocean]].

Despite the secret nature of ''U-852''’s mission, her captain [[Heinz-Wilhelm Eck]] decided to attack the ''Peleus''; tracking her until nightfall, ''U-852'' closed with her target on the surface and fired two torpedoes at close range. ''Peleus'' was hit, the first exploding in the number two hold, the second just aft in the number three hold. She quickly broke up, sinking in three minutes; all that was left of her was flotsam, including several liferafts, and the survivors of her crew, perhaps half their number.

Eck took two men aboard for interrogation, Agis Kefalas, the [[Third mate|third officer]], and Pierre Neuman, a [[Able seaman|seaman]]; having established her name and details, he returned them to their raft. At this point Eck decided he must hide the evidence of his action by destroying the debris, including the life-rafts (and, by implication, the men on them). For the next five hours, until 1 A.M. on the 14th, ''U-852'' moved around the debris field, firing with her guns, small arms and grenades. Despite these efforts, not all the wreckage was destroyed, and four of the crew survived, though one, Kefalas died later of a wound in his arm.

The other three survivors were Antonios Liossis, [[Chief Officer|chief officer]], Dimitrios Argiros, a seaman, and Rocco Said, a stoker. After drifting for over a month, they were rescued on 20 April by the Portuguese vessel ''Alexandre Silva'' and taken to [[Lobito]], in [[Portuguese West Africa|Angola]]. The incident was reported to British naval authorities, and affidavits taken from the three men. On 2 May 1944 ''U-852'' was attacked and captured after running aground upon a reef at Cape Guardafui, northern Somalia, in the Indian Ocean; the surviving members of her crew were taken prisoner.

At the end of the war, in October 1945, five members of her crew were tried as war criminals and convicted. Three (Eck, August Hoffman, 2nd watch officer, and Walter Weispfennig, boat's doctor) were executed, and two others, Hans Lenz, [[chief engineer]], and Wolfgang Schwender, Pilot, were imprisoned.

[[Gwyn Griffin|Gwyn Griffin's]] best-selling 1967 novel ''An Operational Necessity'' was based on the Peleus Incident.<ref>{{cite book | last1 = Griffin | first1 = Gwyn | authorlink1 = Gwyn Griffin | title = An Operational Necessity | url = https://archive.org/details/operationalneces00grif | url-access = registration | publisher = Putnam | year = 1967 | location = New York }}</ref>

==References==
<references />
* [http://uboat.net/allies/merchants/3218.html SS Peleus at Uboat.net]
*{{cite book |last1=Blair |first1=Clay |title=Hitler's U-Boat War: The Hunted 1942-1945|year=1998 |publisher=Cassell |isbn=0-304-35261-6|author-link=Clay Blair}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.teesbuiltships.co.uk/view.php?year_built=&builder=&ref=167885&vessel=EGGLESTONE|title=Screw Steamer Egglestone|date=|accessdate=21 March 2019|publisher=teesbuiltships.co.uk}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20091027051402/http://geocities.com/Pentagon/Camp/3166/ Submarine atrocities]
* [http://uboat.net/articles/index.html?article=18&page=2 The Peleus affair at u-boat net]

{{coord missing|Atlantic Ocean}}
{{March 1944 shipwrecks}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Peleus}}
[[Category:Ships built on the River Tees]]
[[Category:Ships sunk by German submarines in World War II]]
[[Category:Steamships]]
[[Category:World War II merchant ships of Greece]]
[[Category:1928 ships]]
[[Category:World War II shipwrecks in the South Atlantic]]
[[Category:Maritime incidents in March 1944]]
[[Category:Massacres in 1944]]
[[Category:Massacres committed by Nazi Germany]]