Saint Hilarion Castle
| Saint Hilarion Castle | |
|---|---|
.jpg) Saint Hilarion Castle | |
  Location within Cyprus | |
| General information | |
| Town or city | Kyrenia |
| Country | De jure  Cyprus De facto  Northern Cyprus |
| Coordinates | 35°18′44″N 33°16′51″E / 35.3123°N 33.2808°E |
| Construction started | 10th-century |
The Saint Hilarion Castle lies on the Kyrenia mountain range, in Cyprus. This location provided the castle with command of the pass road from Kyrenia to Nicosia. It is the best preserved ruin of the three former strongholds in the Kyrenia mountains, the others being Kantara and Buffavento.
History
The castle is not named after St. Hilarion, active in Palestine and Cyprus in the 4th century. It was named after an obscure saint, who is traditionally held to have fled to Cyprus after the Arab conquest of the Holy Land and retired to the hilltop on which the castle was built for hermitage. An English traveller reported the preservation of his relics in the 14th century.[1] It has been proposed that a monastery built in his name preceded the castle, which was built around it. However, this view is not supported by any substantial evidence.[2]
Starting in the 11th century, the Byzantines began fortification. Saint Hilarion formed the defense of the island with the castles of Buffavento and Kantara against Arab pirates raiding the coast. Some sections were further upgraded under the Lusignan rule, who may have used it as a summer residence. During the rule of Lusignans, the castle was the focus of a four-year struggle between Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II and Regent John d' Ibelin for control of Cyprus.
Much of the castle was dismantled by the Venetians in the 15th century to reduce the up-keeping cost of garrisons.[3]
Architecture
The castle has three divisions or wards. The lower and middle wards served economic purposes, while the upper ward housed the royal family. The lower ward had the stables and the living quarters for the men-at-arms. The Prince John tower sits on a cliff high above the lower castle.
The upper ward was surrounded by a 1.4 metre-thick Byzantine wall, made of rough masonry. The entrance is through a pointed arch built by the Lusignans. This was protected by a semicircular tower to the east. Within the ward is a courtyard, with twin peaks being situated to either side of it. To the north-east is an extremely ruined kitchen. To the west are the royal apartments, dated by various sources to the 13th or 14th centuries. Although mostly ruined today, this was a structure in the northeast-southwest axis, with a length of 25 m and width of 6 m. It has a basement containing a cistern and two floors. The ground floor has a height of 7 m and a pointed barrel vault. The upper floor is known for its carved windows, one of which is dubbed the Queen's Window.[4][1] These are placed on the western wall, which has a scenic view of the northern coast of Cyprus, especially the plains of Lapithos.[5]
In fiction
The Castle of Saint Hilarion appears in the 2009 action-adventure video game Assassin's Creed: Bloodlines, and is also featured in the 2016 crypto-thriller The Apocalypse Fire by Dominic Selwood.[6]
Gallery
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Saint Hilarion Castle, Cyprus -
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Saint Hilarion Castle -
Swedish Cyprus Expedition on a visit to Saint Hilarion sometime in 1927-1931.
References
- ^ a b "St Hilarion Castle". Cypnet. Retrieved 27 March 2018.
- ^ Petre 2010, p. 142
- ^ Petre 2010, p. 149
- ^ Petre 2010, pp. 147–9
- ^ Newman 1948, p. 13
- ^ Selwood, Dominic. "Crusaders in the Clouds: Author Guided Tour". The Big Thrill. International Thriller Writers. Retrieved 21 November 2016.
Bibliography
- Newman, Philip (1948), The Castle of St Hilarion, Nicosia: K Rustem & Brother
- Petre, James (2010), Crusader Castles of Cyprus: the Fortifications of Cyprus under the Lusignans 1191-1489 (PDF) (Unpublished PhD thesis), University of Cardiff, retrieved 28 March 2018