Scarphe

Scarphe (Ancient Greek: Σκάρφη)^[1] or Scarpheia (Σκάρφεια)^[2]^[3] was a town of the Epicnemidian Locrians, mentioned by Homer in the Catalogue of Ships in the Iliad.^[1] According to Strabo it was 10 stadia from the sea, 30 stadia from Thronium, and a little less from some other place of which the name is lost, probably Nicaea.^[2] Moreover, Scarphe was reported to be occupying the territory of Augeiae, which had disappeared by his time.^[2] It appears from Pausanias that it lay on the direct road from Elateia to Thermopylae by Thronium,^[4] and likewise from Livy, who states that Lucius Quinctius Flamininus marched from Elateia by Thronium and Scarpheia to Heraclea.^[5] It was also the site of the Battle of Scarpheia in 146 BCE. Scarpheia is said by Strabo to have been destroyed by an inundation of the sea (tsunami) caused by an earthquake^[6] in 426 BCE,^[7] but it must have been afterwards rebuilt, as it is mentioned by subsequent writers down to a late period, including Pliny the Elder,^[8] Ptolemy,^[9] Hierocles,^[10] Stephanus of Byzantium,^[3] and the Geographer of Ravenna.^[11] Scarpheia is also mentioned by Lycophron,^[12] Appian,^[13] and Pausanias.^[14]

It was, together with Thronium, one of the only cities of Epicnemidian Locris that minted coins.

The site of the ancient town is tentatively identified as near Molos.^[15]^[16]

References

^ ^a ^b Homer. Iliad. Vol. 2.532.
^ ^a ^b ^c Strabo. Geographica. Vol. 9.4.4-5. Page numbers refer to those of Isaac Casaubon's edition.
^ ^a ^b Stephanus of Byzantium. Ethnica. Vol. s.v.
^ Pausanias (1918). "15.3". Description of Greece. Vol. 8. Translated by W. H. S. Jones; H. A. Ormerod. Cambridge, Massachusetts; London: Harvard University Press; William Heinemann – via Perseus Digital Library.
^ Livy. Ab urbe condita Libri [History of Rome]. Vol. 33.3.
^ Strabo. Geographica. Vol. 1.3.20. Page numbers refer to those of Isaac Casaubon's edition.
^ according to the United States National Geophysical Data Center
^ Pliny. Naturalis Historia. Vol. 4.7.12.
^ Ptolemy. The Geography. Vol. 3.15.11.
^ Hierocles. Synecdemus. Vol. p. 643.
^ Geog. Rav. 4.10.
^ Lycophr. 1147
^ App. Syr. 19
^ Pausanias (1918). "29.3". Description of Greece. Vol. 2. Translated by W. H. S. Jones; H. A. Ormerod. Cambridge, Massachusetts; London: Harvard University Press; William Heinemann – via Perseus Digital Library., 10.1.2.
^ Richard Talbert, ed. (2000). Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World. Princeton University Press. p. 55, and directory notes accompanying. ISBN 978-0-691-03169-9.
^ Lund University. Digital Atlas of the Roman Empire.

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Smith, William, ed. (1854–1857). "Scarphe". Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography. London: John Murray.

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