Sergeant major: Difference between revisions
Content deleted Content added
No edit summary |
←Blanked the page |
||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{other uses}} |
|||
{{Military ranks}} |
|||
'''Sergeant Major''' ass[[Non-commissioned officer|non commissioned]] [[Military rank|rank]] or appointment in many militaries around the world. In [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]] countries, Sergeants Major are usually appointments held by senior [[non-commissioned officer]]s or [[warrant officer]]s. In the United States, there are various degrees of Sergeant Major ([[Command Sergeant Major|Command Sergeant Major (CSM)]], [[Sergeant Major of the Army|Sergeant Major of the Army (SMA)]]), but they are all of the same [[Pay grade|paygrade]]. |
|||
==Canada== |
|||
===Canadian Forces=== |
|||
In common with many other Commonwealth militaries, '''Sergeant-Major''' in the [[Canadian Forces]] is not a rank, but the senior [[non-commissioned member|non-commissioned]] appointment in an army unit. The sergeant-major of a unit is normally directly responsible to the [[Commanding Officer]] (CO) for all matters pertaining to dress, deportment, discipline, conduct, performance, standards and morale of the non-commissioned members (NCMs) of that unit. |
|||
The [[Regimental Sergeant-Major]] (RSM) is the senior appointment in a [[battalion]]-sized unit, including infantry battalions and artillery, armoured, engineer, and signal regiments; this appointment is normally held by a [[Chief Warrant Officer]] (CWO). The same position can also be held by a [[Master Warrant Officer]] in anticipation of promotion, or a shortage of available CWOs, etc. |
|||
In [[Company (military unit)|company]]-sized units, the [[Company Sergeant-Major]] (CSM) generally holds the rank of [[Master Warrant Officer]] (MWO), although in some cases it may be held by a [[Warrant Officer]] (WO) if the company is smaller, or in a shortage of available MWOs. In artillery batteries, this appointment is known as Battery Sergeant-Major (BSM), while in units with a cavalry heritage (armoured, combat engineer, and signals ''squadrons''), the term is Squadron Sergeant-Major (SSM). |
|||
In company-sized sub-units of battalions or regiments, the CSM (or equivalent) normally answers both to his or her Officer Commanding (OC) for matters pertaining to the Company in particular, and to the RSM on matters of concern to the RSM. Thus, in a Signal Regiment, the SSM of 1 Squadron (1 Sqn) would be report to the OC of 1 Sqn for all activities within that Sqn; he or she would also be responsible for drill, dress, etc matters to the RSM, who is responsible for such matters regiment-wide. |
|||
CSMs and their equivalents are normally addressed as "Sergeant-Major" or by rank; by subordinates they are thereafter as "Sir", "Ma'am", or "Warrant" (WOs) as appropriate. "CSM" ("BSM", "SSM") is a title normally reserved for use by the CO. |
|||
RSMs are never addressed as "Sergeant-Major"; they are addressed by rank or as "Mr (Surname)" or "Ms (Surname)", and thereafter by subordinates as "Sir" or "Ma'am". "RSM" is reserved for use by the CO. |
|||
In some unusual cases, a [[Chief Petty Officer 1st Class|Chief Petty Officer 1st]] or [[Chief Petty Officer 2nd Class|2nd Class]] may succeed to a Sergeant-Major position, especially in units which are not part of [[Canadian Forces Land Force Command|Land Force Command]] or units with a large number of "[[purple trades]]", such as [[service battalion]]s. The forms of address generally remain the same, except that Chief Petty Officers 1st and 2nd Class are never addressed as "Sir" or "Ma'am", but as "Chief". |
|||
The [[opera]] [[Leo, the Royal Cadet]] (1889) by [[Oscar Ferdinand Telgmann]] and [[George Frederick Cameron]] includes a character "Battalion Sergeant Major'' at the [[Royal Military College of Canada]] and song ''The Royal Cadet - The Battalion Sergeant Major'' The [[Royal Military College of Canada]]'senior cadet was a Battalion Sergeant Major from 1878-1923 and from 1934-42. Since 1952, however, the senior cadet is known as a Cadet Wing-Commander (CWC).<ref>Richard Preston "Canada's R.M.C. A History of the Royal Military College"</ref> |
|||
===Royal Canadian Mounted Police=== |
|||
'''Sergeant Major''' is a rank in the [[Royal Canadian Mounted Police]]. While technically it is the 6th level of rank, below [[Corps Sergeant Major]] and above [[Staff Sergeant Major]], it, along with the other two, are specialized ranks and not part of the normal progression, which would proceed from Staff Sergeant to Inspector. |
|||
==Singapore== |
|||
In the [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]] tradition, '''Sergeant Major''' is not a rank but an appointment held by senior Specialists ([[non-commissioned officer]]-equivalents in the [[Singapore Armed Forces]]) or [[Warrant Officer]]s. A Sergeant Major appointment exists in each military unit from company to division/formation. Their main job is to assist the commander in the discipline and welfare of the enlisted men. Being expert at parades and ceremonies, their authority and responsibility extends to [[officer (armed forces)|officer]]s on the parade square. |
|||
{{see also|Company Sergeant Major|Regimental Sergeant Major}} |
|||
==South Africa== |
|||
[[Image:PRE 1994 SOUTH AFRICAN WO1 BADGE.jpg|thumb|right|120px|South Africa: Warrant Officer Class 1 rank badge worn prior to 2002]] |
|||
[[Image:PRE 1994 SOUTH AFRICAN WO2 BADGE.jpg|thumb|left|110px|South Africa: Warrant Officer Class 2 rank badge worn 1950 to 2002]] |
|||
Like the British Army, Sergeant-Major is not a [[South African military ranks|rank]] but an appointment held by a Warrant Officer Class 1 (WO1) or Warrant Officer Class 2 (WO2). Regardless of the appointment, the Warrant Officer is addressed as “sergeant-major”. |
|||
Up until 1 June 2008, the highest appointment (Level 1), that was held by a WO1 was the Sergeant-Major of the [[South African National Defence Force]]. |
|||
Other senior Warrant Officer appointments up until 1 June 2008 were |
|||
*Level 2: Sergeant-Major of the [[South African Army|Army]] |
|||
*Level 3: Formation Sergeant-Major |
|||
*Level 4: Group or Base Sergeant-Major or Regimental-Sergeant Major<ref>[http://www.army.mil.za/aboutus/uniform/rankinsignia.htm Rank Insignia of the South African Army]</ref> |
|||
The [[South African Air Force]] had a similar structure for its Warrant Officers who are also addressed as "sergeant-major".<ref>[http://www.af.mil.za/uniform/rank_ins.html South African Air Force Rank Insignia]</ref> |
|||
Starting 1 June 2008, the Warrant Ranks (Army/ Navy/ Air Force) are: |
|||
* Master Chief Warrant Officer (formerly level 1)—''e.g. Master Chief Warrant Officer of the South African National Defence Force.'' |
|||
* Senior Chief Warrant Officer (formerly level 2)—''e.g. Senior Chief Warrant Officer of the South African Army.'' |
|||
* Chief Warrant Officer (formerly level 3) |
|||
* Master Warrant Officer (formerly level 4A) |
|||
* Senior Warrant Officer (formerly level 4) |
|||
* Warrant Officer Class One |
|||
* Warrant Officer Class Two |
|||
A Company/Squadron/Battery Sergeant Major should ordinarily be a WO2. |
|||
==United Kingdom== |
|||
<!-- [[MSM]] links to this section --> |
|||
'''Sergeant Major''' is not a rank in the [[British Army]] and [[Royal Marines]]; it is used in the title of various appointments held by [[Warrant Officer]]s. In particular, the '''[[Regimental Sergeant Major]] (RSM)''' (WO1) is the senior warrant officer in a battalion or regiment. The '''[[Company Sergeant Major]] (CSM)''' (WO2) is the senior warrant officer of a company. |
|||
Due to differences in nomenclature between Regiments and Corps Sergeants Major's titles do vary; '''Squadron Sergeant Major''' (SSM) and '''Battery Sergeant Major''' (BSM) for instance would be found in the [[Royal Armoured Corps|Cavalry]] and [[Royal Artillery]] respectively, and in the [[REME]] there are the appointments of '''Artificer Sergeant Major''' (ASM). |
|||
[[Sergeant Major Instructor]] (SMI) is an appointment held by Warrant Officers Class 1 in the Small Arms School Corps and the Army Physical Training Corps and by some WO1s in the Royal Engineers. It is also an appointment held by some of the civilian adult instructors in the [[Army Cadet Force]]. |
|||
A '''Mechanist Sergeant-Major''' is a specialist most often found in the [[Royal Engineers|Corps of Royal Engineers]] or the [[Royal Army Service Corps]], and was the title of one of the major characters in the book and the film based on it, ''[[Ice Cold in Alex]]''. |
|||
For the use of "Sergeant Major" as a form of address, see the articles on [[Regimental Sergeant Major|Regimental]] and [[Company Sergeant Major|Company Sergeants Major]], and that on [[Staff Sergeant]]s. |
|||
==United States== |
|||
<div style="float:right; clear:both; text-align:center; font-size: 75%; margin: 6px;"> |
|||
[[Image:US Army E-9 SGM.svg|60px|E-9 insignia]]<br /> |
|||
Sergeant Major insignia<br />(U.S. Army) |
|||
[[Image:US Army E-9 CSM.svg|60px|E-9 COMM insignia]]<br /> |
|||
Command Sergeant Major<br />rank insignia<br />(U.S. Army) |
|||
[[Image:ImmaterialCmdSGMBC.gif|50px]]<br /> |
|||
Command Sergeant Major<br />collar insignia<br />(U.S. Army) |
|||
[[Image:USMC-E9-SGM.svg|60px|E-9 sgtmaj insignia]]<br /> |
|||
Sergeant Major insignia<br />(U.S. Marine Corps) |
|||
</div> |
|||
===United States Army=== |
|||
In the [[United States Army|U.S. Army]], '''Sergeant Major''' refers to both a [[military rank]] and a specific administrative position. The rank refers to the highest [[enlisted rank]], just above [[Master Sergeant]] and [[First Sergeant]], with a [[U.S. uniformed services pay grades|pay grade]] of E-9, NATO rank OR-9 . The leadership position, '''Command Sergeant Major''', is the [[senior enlisted advisor]] to the [[commanding officer]] and carries with it certain ceremonial functions such as caring for the unit's colors (flag). Additionally, they serve as monitors of, and advocates for, the enlisted men in the command. This position mostly exists in units of [[battalion]] size and larger. |
|||
Because the Command Sergeant Major represents all of the enlisted soldiers in the command, he or she does not wear the [[United States Army branch insignia|collar insignia of his or her career specialty]] (e.g., infantry, quartermaster, intelligence, ''inter alia''), but instead wears the Command Sergeant Major (formerly "branch immaterial") collar insignia. The insignia is a gold-color rendering of the [[coat of arms of the United States]]; like the branch of service insignia of all U.S. Army enlisted soldiers, it is placed upon a gold-colored metal disk, one inch in diameter. |
|||
An alternative usage of Command Sergeant Major is the senior NCO of a headquarters unit at battalion level or above; the soldier filling this position should carry the rank of Sergeant Major, but personnel shortages may, from time to time, force this sergeant major position to be held by a senior [[First Sergeant]] or [[Master Sergeant]], both [[Enlisted rank|E-8]]. |
|||
A SGM or CSM is referred to, and addressed, as "Sergeant Major". The '''[[Sergeant Major of the Army]]''' is a separate and unique position. |
|||
===United States Marine Corps=== |
|||
In the [[United States Marine Corps]], '''Sergeant Major''' is the ninth and highest enlisted rank, just above [[First Sergeant]], and equal in grade to [[Master Gunnery Sergeant]], although the two have different responsibilities. Sergeant Major is both a rank and a [[billet|military billet]]. Marine Corps Sergeants Major serve as the senior enlisted Marine in the Corps' units of battalion, squadron or higher echelon, as the unit commander's [[senior enlisted advisor]] and to handle matters of discipline and morale among the enlisted Marines. '''[[Sergeant Major of the Marine Corps]]''' is a separate and unique position. |
|||
==History== |
|||
In the 16th century, the sergeant major or [[Sargento Mayor]] was a [[general officer]]. He commanded an army's infantry, and ranked about third in the army's command structure; he also acted as a sort of [[Chief of staff (military)|chief of staff]] to the army's commander. |
|||
In the 17th century, sergeants major appeared in individual [[regiment]]s. These were [[field officer]]s, third in command of their regiments (after their [[colonel]]s and [[lieutenant colonel]]s), with a role similar to the older, army-level sergeants major (although obviously on a smaller scale). The older position became known as '''[[sergeant major general]]''' to distinguish it. Over time, the ''sergeant'' was dropped from both titles, giving rise to the modern ranks of '''[[major]]''' and '''[[major general]]'''. |
|||
The full title of sergeant major fell out of use until the latter part of the 18th century, when it began to be applied to the senior non-commissioned officer of an infantry [[battalion]] or cavalry regiment. |
|||
It is about this time that the U.S. and British histories of the title diverge, with the [[American Revolutionary War]]. |
|||
===United States=== |
|||
[[Image:CSASergeantMajor.jpg|thumb|right|Confederate Sergeant Major stripes shown in infantry blue pattern|100px]] |
|||
The first official U.S. use of the term was in 1776, when a sergeant major was appointed to the headquarters of each infantry battalion of the [[Continental Army]]. The rank was in use by both the [[Union Army]] and the [[Confederate Army]] during the [[American Civil War]]. At that time, it was the highest enlisted rank, being just above [[Quartermaster Sergeant]]. The same rank insignia was used by both armies. Both armies varied the color of the stripes by assigning red for artillery, yellow for cavalry, and blue for infantry. Some Confederate militia units varied these colors even farther and had other colors including black stripes for various units. In 1920 with the standardization of the army's enlisted pay grades, it ceased to be a title of rank or grade. However, it survived as the job title of the senior NCO of a battalion and was re-introduced as a rank in 1958 when Congress authorized the E-8 and [[Enlisted rank|E-9]] [[pay grades]]. The appointment of [[Sergeant Major of the Army]] was created on July 4, 1966. Command Sergeant Major got separate insignia in 1968. |
|||
The U.S. Marine Corps' first sergeant major was Archibald Sommers, appointed on January 1, 1801. This was originally a solitary post, similar to the modern Sergeant Major of the Marine Corps, but by 1899 there were five Sergeants Major. The title was abolished in 1946, but re-introduced as a rank in 1954. The post of Sergeant Major of the Marine Corps was established in 1957, as the senior enlisted advisor to the Commandant of the Marine Corps.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mclm.com/gallery/sgtmaj.html |title=Sergeants Major of the Marine Corps|publisher=Marine Corps Legacy Museum|accessdate=2006-11-12}}</ref> |
|||
===United Kingdom=== |
|||
The British use of the term was formalised in 1797, when the sergeant major was added to the battalion or regimental [[General staff|staff]]. When [[Chevron (insignia)|chevrons]] were introduced as badges of rank, he wore four, later under a crown. |
|||
In 1813, cavalry regiments introduced the '''[[Troop Sergeant Major]]''' to replace the '''[[Quartermaster]]''' as the senior NCO of a [[troop]]; this required the existing position to be explicitly redesignated the '''Regimental Sergeant Major'''. Later, the rise of the [[Squadron (army)|squadron]] as the principal sub-regimental unit saw the corresponding introduction of the '''[[Squadron Sergeant Major]] (SSM)'''. The infantry, however, hung on to the undifferentiated, one-per-battalion sergeant major until the eve of the First World War, when the introduction of the '''Company Sergeant Major''' forced them to adopt the RSM title as well. (As an infantry regiment could be, and usually was, made up of a number of battalions, one would logically expect the new title to be ''Battalion Sergeant Major'' rather than ''Regimental Sergeant Major''. Perhaps the infantry felt this would imply a lower status than their cavalry equivalents.) |
|||
In 1881, the cavalry RSM and infantry Sergeant Major were among a number of senior non-commissioned positions that were confirmed with [[warrant (law)|warrant]]s, making them [[warrant officer]]s. This was extended and rationalised in 1915, with the introduction of the new ranks of '''Warrant Officer Class I (WOI)''' and '''Warrant Officer Class II (WOII)'''. RSM became an appointment of the former, CSM and SSM of the latter. |
|||
The Royal Marines continued to use a single rank of Sergeant Major, equating to Warrant Officer Class I, until after the Second World War, when they adopted the Army system. |
|||
==See also== |
|||
* [[Comparative military ranks]] |
|||
==References == |
|||
*[http://ncohistory.com/files/SGMhistory.pdf History of the Sergeant Major (US)] by CSM (Ret.) [[Daniel K. Elder]] |
|||
*Sergeants Major of the Army. ISBN 0160678668, CMH Pub. 70-63-1. By CSM Daniel K. Elder, et al. Describes the origin and growth of the Office of the Sergeant Major of the Army. Includes biographies of each of the Sergeants Major of the Army. |
|||
<references/> |
|||
==External links== |
|||
* [http://www.army.forces.gc.ca/LF/English/1_6_2_12.asp?FlashEnabled=1& Official Site of the Chief Warrant Officer of the Army (Canada)] |
|||
* [http://www.army.mil/leaders/SMA/default.htm Official Site of the Sergeant Major of the Army (U.S.)] |
|||
* [http://www.marines.mil/unit/hqmc/smmc/Pages/default.aspx Official Site of the Sergeant Major of the Marine Corps (U.S.)] |
|||
* [http://www.ausa.org/ausa/Training.nsf/0/88a41a823dc19fcd8525688d005bef90?OpenDocument Former Sergeants Major of the Army discuss the position] |
|||
* [http://www.gruntsmilitary.com/rank3.shtml U.S. Army Enlisted Rank Insignia - Criteria, Background, and Images] |
|||
{{US_enlisted_ranks}} |
|||
[[Category:Military ranks]] |
|||
[[Category:Military ranks of Canada]] |
|||
[[Category:Military ranks of the United Kingdom]] |
|||
[[Category:Military ranks of the United States Army]] |
|||
[[Category:United States military enlisted ranks]] |
|||
[[Category:United States Marine Corps ranks]] |
|||
[[ar:مساعد أول (رتبة عسكرية)]] |
|||
[[de:Sergeant Major]] |
|||
[[el:Επιλοχίας]] |
|||
[[es:Sargento Mayor]] |
|||
[[hr:Časnički namjesnik]] |
|||
[[it:Sergente maggiore]] |
|||
[[ja:曹長]] |
|||
[[pt:sargento-mor]] |
|||
[[fi:Sotilasmestari]] |
|||
[[tr:Uzman Çavuş]] |
|||
[[uk:Сержант-майор]] |
|||
[[zh:軍士長]] |
|||