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Silphium (genus)

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This article is about the plant genus. For the extinct ancient plant, see Silphium.

rosinweeds
Silphium integrifolium
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
(unranked):
Angiosperms
(unranked):
Eudicots
(unranked):
Asterids
Order:
Asterales
Family:
Asteraceae
Subfamily:
Asteroideae
Tribe:
Heliantheae[1]
Genus:
Silphium

Type species
Silphium asteriscus

Silphium is a genus of North American plants in the sunflower tribe within the daisy family.[2][3]

Members of the genus, commonly known as rosinweeds, are herbaceous perennial plants growing to 0.5–4 m tall, with yellow (rarely white) flowerheads. The name of the genus comes from the Ancient Greek word for a North African plant whose identity has been lost, though it is known its gum or juice was prized by the ancients as a medicine and a condiment.[4]

Species[1][5][6][7][8][9]
  1. Silphium albiflorum A.Gray – white rosinweed - TX
  2. Silphium asteriscus L. – starry rosinweed - TX OK LA AR MO IL IN KY TN AL MS GA FL SC NC VA WV OH MD PA NY
  3. Silphium brachiatum Gatt. – Cumberland rosinweed - TN AL GA
  4. Silphium compositum Michx. – kidneyleaf rosinweed - TN AL GA FL SC NC VA WV
  5. Silphium glutinosum J.R. Allison
  6. Silphium integrifolium Michx. – wholeleaf rosinweed - NM TX LA OK AR MO KS CO WY SD NE IA IL IN KY TN MS AL WI MI MA ONT
  7. Silphium laciniatum L. – compassplant - NM TX LA OK AR MO KS CO SD NE MN IA IL IN KY TN MS AL WI MI VA PA NY ONT
  8. Silphium laeve Hook. - WA ID
  9. Silphium mohrii Small – Mohr's rosinweed - TN AL GA
  10. Silphium perfoliatum L. – cup plant - NM TX LA OK AR MO KS CO SD ND NE MN IA IL INKY TN MS AL WI MI NC VA DE PA NY NJ CT RI MA VT NH ME ONT QUE NB
  11. Silphium perplexum J.R.Allison – Old Cahaba rosinweed - AL
  12. Silphium pinnatifidum Elliott – Cutleaf prairie dock - AL GA KY TN
  13. Silphium radula Nutt. – roughstem rosinweed - KS MO AR OK TX LA
  14. Silphium terebinthinaceum Jacq. – prairie rosinweed, prairie dock - IA MO AR MS AL GA SC NC VA WV TN KY OH IN IL WI MI NY ONT
  15. Silphium ternatum Sessé & Moc. - Mexico
  16. Silphium trifoliatum L. – whorled rosinweed - AL GA IN KY MD NC SC OH PA VA WV
  17. Silphium wasiotense M.Medley – Appalachian rosinweed - KY TN
Formerly included[1]

numerous species now regarded as members of other genera: Berlandiera Verbesina

Images

See also

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Silphium.
Wikispecies has information related to Silphium.
  1. ^ a b c Flann, C (ed) 2009+ Global Compositae Checklist
  2. ^ Linnaeus, Carl von. 1753. Species Plantarum 2: 919-920 in Latin
  3. ^ Tropicos, Silphium L.
  4. ^ "Silphium". Flora of North America.
  5. ^ Clevinger, Jennifer A. "269. Silphium Linnaeus". Flora of North America. 21. New York & Oxford: Oxford University Press: Page 65, 77, 157. Retrieved 2008-06-24.
  6. ^ International Organization for Plant Information (IOPI). "Plant Name Search". International Plant Names Index. Retrieved 2008-06-24.
  7. ^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "​Silphium​". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 2008-06-24.
  8. ^ Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). "GRIN Species Records of Silphium". Taxonomy for Plants. USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program, National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved 2011-02-16.
  9. ^ Biota of North America Program 2013 county distribution maps
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