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Silver War Badge

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Around the rim of a Silver War Badge is "For King and Empire; Services Rendered"

The Silver War Badge was issued in the United Kingdom and the British Empire to service personnel who had been honourably discharged due to wounds or sickness from military service in World War I.

History

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The badge, sometimes known as the "Discharge Badge", the "Wound Badge" or "Services Rendered Badge", was first issued in September 1916, along with an official certificate of entitlement. If a person served in an active war zone then a King's Certificate of Discharge stating that they "Served with honour" would accompany the badge.[1][2]

The large sterling silver lapel badge was intended to be worn on civilian clothes. The decoration was introduced as an award of "King's silver" for having received wounds or injury during loyal war service to the Crown's authority. A secondary causation for its introduction was that a practice had developed in the early years of the war in the United Kingdom where some women publicly embarrassed men of fighting age who were not in military uniform, by ostentatiously presenting them with white feathers, as a suggestion of cowardice. As the war had developed substantial numbers of servicemen who had been discharged from His Majesty's Forces with wounds that rendered them unfit for war service, but which were not obvious from their outward appearance, found themselves being harassed in such a manner and the badge, to be worn on the right breast while in civilian dress, was a means of discouraging such incidents being directed at ex-forces' personnel.[3]

It was forbidden to wear the badge on a military uniform.[citation needed]

The badge bears the royal cypher "GRI" (for Georgius Rex Imperator; George, King and Emperor) and around the rim "For King and Empire - Services Rendered".[2]

Each badge was uniquely numbered on the reverse.[2] The War Office maintained registers recording the soldier and each badge number issued in the United Kingdom.[4]

The military authorities of Canada, New Zealand, Australia, South Africa and Rhodesia maintained their own registers of issue (which were copied to the War Office in London to provide it with an Imperial master-record). This Master List was administratively destroyed by the Ministry of Defence later in the 20th Century, only a few pages of it are extant at The National Archives, in Kew, Surrey.[citation needed]

The War Office made it known that it would not replace Silver War Badges if they were lost, however if one was handed into a police station then it would be returned to the War Office, which would seek to return it using its records to its recipient.[citation needed]

Those personnel of HM Forces discharged after 31 December 1919 were no longer eligible for the badge.[5] [6][7]

A similar award called the King's Badge was issued in World War II. Although each was issued with a certificate, unlike its World War I counterpart it was not individually numbered.

Silver War Badge - Medal Cards and Rolls

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British Army

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Silver War Badge listed on a normal Medal Card
A Silver War Badge Card

The "SWB List" when mentioned on a medal card refers to a single folio list, multiples of which are in medal rolls. Whilst these rolls are physically kept in The National Archives, these rolls can be consulted online via a genealogy service provider.[a] There are two different types of cards on which the List can be mentioned.

  • The SWB can be shown on a normal medal card index as in the adjacent picture.
  • It can also be recorded on a new medal card issued for the purpose, called a Silver War Badge Card.[8]

There should be a reference on the card to a Silver War Badge Roll, for example in the picture above it says "SWB List TH/345" this refers to the War Office roll in which the man is mentioned. The medal roll itself would cover a range of lists, for instance "TH 1 - 400". These alphabetical prefixes relate to the regional record office which administered the badge issuance.[9][10][11][12] On the Silver War Badge roll it should mention at the very least the number of the badge, the date of issue, unit at discharge, the official reason and date of his discharge, along with enlistment date. The more recent roll entries record the age of the recipient.[13][14]

Others

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Royal Navy

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Two sets of records were kept. One set is a list of unique numbers, in sequence. The other is several books of surnames in alphabetical groupings. These can be accessed online via Navy SWB Ancestry in ADM 171.[15]

Royal Air Force

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If an airman was in receipt of a badge, this is recorded on the reverse of their service record (AM Form 175). There are neither comprehensive rolls of silver war badge recipients,[16] nor comprehensive rolls of WW1 campaign medals that have survived and been passed on from the Air Ministry.[17]

Australian Imperial Force

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The first 500 issued to the AIF are on a War Office roll. Of the subsequent issues, there are 18 "Register of GRI Imperial Silver War Badge" ledgers.[b]

New Zealand Expeditionary Force

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The first 200 issued to the NZEF are on a War Office roll. Of the subsequent issues, circa 40,000, the associated documentation has not come to light.[19]

Canadian Expeditionary Force

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A portion of the registers have survived, and are kept in the archives at Ottawa.[20]

King's Regulations For Discharge from the British Army

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There were 29 different reasons for which a soldier could have been discharged under the King's Regulations. On a Silver War Badge Card, it could say KR (xxi) as it does on the example SWB card. This stands for King's Regulations, section 21. The different regulations were:

  • (i) References on enlistment being unsatisfactory.
  • (ii) Having been irregularly enlisted.
  • (iii) Not likely to become an efficient soldier.
  • (iv) Having been claimed as an apprentice.
  • (v) Having claimed it on payment of £10 within three months of his attestation.
  • (vi) Having made a mis-statement as to age on enlistment.
  • (vii) Having been claimed for wife desertion.
  • (viii) Having made a false answer on attestation.
  • (ix) Unfitted for the duties of the corps.
  • (x) Having been convicted by the civil power of_____, or of an offence committed before enlistment.
  • (xi) For misconduct.
  • (xii) Having been sentenced to penal servitude.
  • (xiii) Having been sentenced to be discharged with ignominy.
  • (xiv) At his own request, on payment of _____ under Article 1130 (i), Pay Warrant.
  • (xv) Free, after ____ years' service under Article 1130 (ii), Pay Warrant.
  • (xvi) No longer physically fit for war service.
  • (xvii) Surplus to military requirements (having suffered impairment since entry into the service).
  • (xviii) At his own request after 18 years' service (with a view to pension under the Pay Warrant).
  • (xix) For the benefit of the public service after 18 years' service (with a view to pension under the Pay Warrant).
  • (xx) Inefficiency after 18 years' service (with a view to pension under the Pay Warrant).
  • (xxi) The termination of his ____ period of engagement.
  • (xxii) With less than 21 years' service towards engagement, but with 21 or more years' service towards pension.
  • (xxiii) Having claimed discharge after three months' notice.
  • (xxiv) Having reached the age for discharge.
  • (xxv) His services being no longer required.
  • (xxvi) Surplus to military requirements (Not having suffered impairment since entry into the service).
  • (xxvii) At his own request after 21 (or more) years' service (with a view to pension under the Pay Warrant).
  • (xxviii) After 21 (or more) years' qualifying service for pension, and with 5 (or more) years' service as warrant officer (with a view to pension under the Pay Warrant).
  • (xxviv) On demobilization.[21]

In addition, further conditions of discharge were announced by Army Order 265 dated 10 August 1917.[22] This, in turn, was superseded by Army Order 291 of October 1918.[23] That too, in turn, was superseded by Army Order 29 of January 1919, following the cessation of hostilities which permitted the issuance of badges for the rest of 1919.[24] The Cessation of issue to soldiers was announced by Army Order 43 dated 20 February 1920.

Issued numbers

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Approximately 1,150,000 badges were issued, which had to be claimed and then approved, generally covered by §(xvi) above.

British Army

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Williamson observed that in 1992 Steve Brookes had undertaken an analysis of the number ranges issued to soldiers by the War Office.[25][26] The following was deduced:

  • Between September 1916 and March 1918, they were issued with just a number and were better quality than most stampings. Around 360,000 of these were issued.
  • Between March 1918 and September 1918, the subsequent 90,000 were the second series. This took the number of badges issued up to 450,000.
  • Between September 1918 and December 1919, they had a 'B' prefix before the number. Around 350,000 of these were issued.
  • Between December 1919 and January 1920, they had a 'O' prefix, around 5,000 of these were issued.
  • Between January 1920 and March 1922, they went back to ordinary numbers again. Around 75,500 badges were issued.

Others

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  • The Royal Navy had a separate prefix, which was 'RN',[27][28] there were 48,600 badges issued.
  • Badges issued by the Mercantile Marine had the 'MS' prefix.[29] 158 badges were issued by the Board of Trade.[30]
  • Badges issued to South African Soldiers have the 'SA' prefix[31] and to Canadians have a 'C' prefix[c][33]
  • Badges issued in Newfoundland have the 'N' prefix[34]
  • Badges issued to AIF soldiers[35] have the 'A' prefix,[36] and to New Zealanders have a 'NZ' prefix[37]
  • Badges to the Indian Army have the 'I' prefix.[38]
  • After April 1918 there were several changes;
    • After this date it became possible for servicemen, civilians who served in the RAMC, female nurses, VADs, QMAAC staff, etc. to get awarded the silver war badge by the War Office.
    • RAF men were issued with badges prefixed with 'RAF', over 11,000 badges were issued.

References

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  1. ^ "Silver War Badge and Kings Certificate of Discharge". Imperial War Museums. Retrieved 9 January 2022.
  2. ^ a b c Williamson 2011, p. 145.
  3. ^ Williamson 2011, p. 147.
  4. ^ Williamson 2011, p. 147-148.
  5. ^ Williamson 2011, p. 152.
  6. ^ Baker, Chris. "Records of the Silver War Badge". Eligibility. Retrieved 18 March 2024 – via The long, long trail.
  7. ^ See "Silver War Badge". parliamentary written answers (commons). 9 August 1920. Retrieved 18 March 2024 – via Hansard.
  8. ^ "What do the records look like?". research guides. The National Archives. 20 March 2015. Retrieved 21 March 2024. Several different designs of medal cards were used but the most common type was the following:
  9. ^ "Silver War Badge (SWB)". Militarian Military History Forum. 1 January 2009. Retrieved 20 March 2024. [Comment from themonsstar] The Badge was issued with a certificate of issue in a box from the Record Office of their unit. Line [infantry] regiments were grouped in geographical regions around the Record Offices and given an individual code.
  10. ^ Baker, Chris. "The Infantry Record Office". Retrieved 20 March 2024 – via The long, long trail.
  11. ^ Ridge, Mia. "[J] Shrewsbury Infantry Record Office". SWB rolls. Retrieved 20 March 2024 – via Europeana.
  12. ^ Army List for November 1916 "INFANTRY RECORD OFFICES" on folios 891d & 892, images 508 & 509 of 2420
  13. ^ "Finding Silver war badge list location [as stated on the card, in specific roll]???". medals. Great War Forum. 1 March 2022. Retrieved 20 March 2024. On the medal card of Pte William Martin, along with his medal entitlement, it's stamped S.W.B. List H/2761/2, but how do I find it?
  14. ^ "Early recipient of the Silver War Badge" (Interpreting documents). Great War Forum. 20 March 2024. Retrieved 31 October 2024.
  15. ^ "Finding Silver war badge [to a Royal Marine]". Sailors, navies and the war at sea. Great War Forum. 31 August 2021. Retrieved 20 March 2024. There are two entries for the SWB. He is listed on ADM 171/182 and ADM 171/187. Could somebody receive more than one?
  16. ^ "RAF Silver War Badge". British badge forum. 5 August 2022. Retrieved 19 March 2024. There is only one surviving roll available for the RAF Silver War Badges and that is in AIR 2/197/C33296 it covers badge number 9426 to 9492. However, after years of research, I can now identify about 9100 out of the 11050 badges.
  17. ^ "Why can't I find what I'm looking for?". research guides. The National Archives. 20 March 2015. Retrieved 19 March 2024. The Air Ministry maintained these medal records and they have not been transferred to The National Archives.
  18. ^ "Registers of Issued Medals and Badges 1939/45 War - 1914/18 War". Series details for: MT1384/2. Retrieved 18 March 2024 – via National Archives of Australia. Series MT1384/2 comprises 157 items in 199 volumes of registers of issued medals and badges. The types of registers include.. G.R.I Silver War Badge 1914/1918
  19. ^ "NAMES & "NZ" NUMBERS WANTED ~ WW1 Silver War Badge (SWB)". 13 July 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2024 – via Medals Reunited New Zealand - group on Facebook. MRNZ continues to compile the only existing database of NZ SWB names & numbers as the original records were destroyed. There are still many more SWBs unrecorded. If you have a SWB with an "NZ" number... please let us know.
  20. ^ "Canadian Silver War Badges". Great War Forum. 9 June 2017. Retrieved 19 March 2024. there is no known complete list [of CEF recipients.]
  21. ^ Baker, Chris. "Records of the Silver War Badge". The clauses of King’s Regulations 392. Retrieved 18 March 2024 – via The long, long trail.
  22. ^ Baker, Chris. "Was your soldier discharged under A.O.2(b) of 10-8-1917?". demobilisation and discharge. Retrieved 19 March 2024 – via The long, long trail.
  23. ^ "Cause of Discharge A.O. 291/18 Para 2a". Medals. Great War Forum. 26 October 2013. Retrieved 20 March 2024.
  24. ^ "Army Order 29 / 1919". Interpreting documents. Great War Forum. 16 August 2010. Retrieved 20 March 2024. image of Army Order 29 issued January 1919
  25. ^ Williamson 2011, p. 148.
  26. ^ Brookes, Steve (Winter 1992). "Silver War Badge, Issue books now available". OMRS Journal. 31 (4). The Orders and Medals Research Society: 268–270.
  27. ^ "WW1 Royal Marine Light Infantry BWM Medal & Silver War Badge". dear old blighty. 24 February 2020. Retrieved 19 March 2024. [BWM] Awarded to "CH. 15748 PTE S. BARTLETT R.M.L.I.". [along with] Silver War Badge "RN 9240".
  28. ^ "LOT № 379 Three [medals and SWB to]: Able Seaman G. Cate, Royal Navy". noonans.co.uk. 2 April 2004. Retrieved 19 March 2024. [three WW1 campaign medals] together with related Silver War Badge, the reverse officially numbered 'RN 41630', and two masonic temperance awards
  29. ^ "Silver War Badge thread". Gentleman's Military Interest Club. 29 November 2006. Retrieved 19 March 2024. [Comment from Ed_Haynes] Whilst the prefix 'BT' was certainly considered by the Board of Trade and the Admiralty at one point, 'MN' remains pure conjecture as the title 'Merchant Navy' wasn't even used until 1921 when it was bestowed by King George V upon the Mercantile Marine in recognition of services rendered (no pun intended) during the Great War. As it stands, a number of extant examples of the badge confirm the actual prefix to be 'MS' (for 'Merchant Service').
  30. ^ "Silver War Badges - List of recipients". The National Archives UK. Retrieved 19 March 2024. Archive Reference: MT 9/1404
  31. ^ "WW1 South African Silver War Badge". dear old blighty. 24 February 2020. Retrieved 19 March 2024. This example with the impressed number SA3549 to the reverse.
  32. ^ "Army Class B Badge". War Service Badges. 21 January 2020. Retrieved 18 March 2024 – via Veterans Affairs Canada.
  33. ^ "War Service Badge, Army, Class B". collections online. Retrieved 19 March 2024 – via Canadian War Museum. Inscription: (reverse/verso): B116571 Service Component: Canadian Expeditionary Force
  34. ^ Haynes, Ed (January 2008). "For King and Empire - Newfoundland and the Silver War Badge". Medal News. 46 (5). Token Publishing: 34–37.
  35. ^ "Silver War Badge". Badges. Retrieved 19 March 2024 – via Australian War Memorial.
  36. ^ "Silver War Badge : Warrant Officer Class II F G Jurd, 5 Pioneer Battalion, AIF". Badges. Retrieved 19 March 2024 – via Australian War Memorial. Silver War Badge with impressed serial number 'A97699' on reverse.
  37. ^ "Silver War Badge : for services rendered, WW1 (NZ issue)". collections online. Retrieved 19 March 2024 – via Auckland Museum. reverse: issue number inscribed verso : NZ11242
  38. ^ "Silver War Badge thread". Gentleman's Military Interest Club. 29 November 2006. Retrieved 19 March 2024. [Comment from Ed_Haynes] For India "I", the only ones I have..

Notes

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  1. ^ These records became available online from 2011 onwards. At least four providers have digitised rolls of the War Office: Ancestry SWB and FindMyPast SWB and N&M Archive SWB and MyHeritage SWB
  2. ^ The registers of those badges issued in Australia have been digitised [18]
  3. ^ Those issued in Canada were known as the Class B Badge [32]

Bibliography

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  • Williamson, Howard J. (2011). The Great War Medal Collectors Companion Volume I (1st ed.). privately published by Anne Williamson. ISBN 978-0-9527544-4-2. The book includes: – Campaign Medals. Full history of each medal, including Army Orders, Army Council Instructions & award criteria.
  • Army List for November 1916. London: His Majesty's Stationery Office. 1916 – via nls.uk. Corrected to the 31st October 1916


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