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On January 19 2009, it was announced by the [[University of Freiburg]] in Germany that the other main active substance in Spice is an undisclosed [[analog (chemistry)|analogue]] of the synthetic cannabinoid [[CP 47,497]].<ref>[http://www.pr.uni-freiburg.de/pm/2009/pm.2009-01-19.19/ Hauptwirkstoff von "Spice" identifiziert] January 19, 2009 (German)</ref> On the 22nd January 2009, CP 47,497 along with its dimethylhexyl, dimethyloctyl and dimethylnonyl [[Homology (chemistry)|homologues]], were added to the German controlled drug schedules ("Betäubungsmittelgesetz").<ref>[http://www.bmg.bund.de/cln_110/nn_1168258/SharedDocs/Pressemitteilungen/DE/2009/pm-21-01-09.html?__nnn=true Modedroge "Spice" ist verboten! (German)]</ref><ref name=BGBL_vom_090119>[http://www.bgblportal.de/BGBL/bgbl1f/bgbl109s0049.pdf BGBl I Nr. 3 vom 21.01.2009, 22. BtMÄndV vom 19. Januar 2009, S. 49–50].</ref> Different ratios of JWH-018 and CP 47,497 and their analogues had apparently been used in the various different varieties of Spice.
On January 19 2009, it was announced by the [[University of Freiburg]] in Germany that the other main active substance in Spice is an undisclosed [[analog (chemistry)|analogue]] of the synthetic cannabinoid [[CP 47,497]].<ref>[http://www.pr.uni-freiburg.de/pm/2009/pm.2009-01-19.19/ Hauptwirkstoff von "Spice" identifiziert] January 19, 2009 (German)</ref> On the 22nd January 2009, CP 47,497 along with its dimethylhexyl, dimethyloctyl and dimethylnonyl [[Homology (chemistry)|homologues]], were added to the German controlled drug schedules ("Betäubungsmittelgesetz").<ref>[http://www.bmg.bund.de/cln_110/nn_1168258/SharedDocs/Pressemitteilungen/DE/2009/pm-21-01-09.html?__nnn=true Modedroge "Spice" ist verboten! (German)]</ref><ref name=BGBL_vom_090119>[http://www.bgblportal.de/BGBL/bgbl1f/bgbl109s0049.pdf BGBl I Nr. 3 vom 21.01.2009, 22. BtMÄndV vom 19. Januar 2009, S. 49–50].</ref> Different ratios of JWH-018 and CP 47,497 and their analogues had apparently been used in the various different varieties of Spice.
im a dick head

Another potent synthetic cannabinoid, [[HU-210]], has been reported to have been found in Spice seized by the [[United States Customs Service|US Customs & Border Protection]].<ref>[http://www.usdoj.gov/dea/programs/forensicsci/microgram/mg0309/mg0309.html “SPICE” - PLANT MATERIAL(S) LACED WITH SYNTHETIC CANNABINOIDS OR CANNABINOID MIMICKING COMPOUNDS] (U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration)</ref>
Another potent synthetic cannabinoid, [[HU-210]], has been reported to have been found in Spice seized by the [[United States Customs Service|US Customs & Border Protection]].<ref>[http://www.usdoj.gov/dea/programs/forensicsci/microgram/mg0309/mg0309.html “SPICE” - PLANT MATERIAL(S) LACED WITH SYNTHETIC CANNABINOIDS OR CANNABINOID MIMICKING COMPOUNDS] (U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration)</ref>


Revision as of 20:51, 21 January 2010

File:Spice drug.jpg
A bag of Spice
For other uses, see Spice (disambiguation).

Spice is a brand name for a mixture of herbs that has been sold in 'smartshops' in Europe, Canada and other parts of the world since around 2002, purportedly as an incense, as well as over the Internet as a "herbal smoking blend". Even though the manufacturer officially warns against human ingestion of Spice, it is usually smoked for its cannabis-like effects which are believed to be caused by a mixture of synthetic cannabinoid drugs. Several different "flavours" of Spice have been marketed which have been shown to contain different proportions of the synthetic cannabinoid active ingredients, and reportedly produce subtly different effects.

Ingredients

Spice was claimed by the manufacturers to contain a mixture of traditionally used medicinal herbs, each of which supposedly produces mild effects with the overall blend resulting in the cannabis-like intoxication produced by the product. Herbs listed on the packaging include Canavalia maritima, Nymphaea caerulea, Scutellaria nana, Pedicularis densiflora, Leonotis leonurus, Zornia latifolia, Nelumbo nucifera and Leonurus sibiricus. However, when the product was analysed by laboratories in Germany and elsewhere, it was found that many of the characteristic "fingerprint" molecules expected to be present from the claimed plant ingredients could not be located, and also there were large amounts of synthetic tocopherol present. This suggested that the actual ingredients might not be the same as what was listed on the packet, and a German government risk assessment of the product conducted in November 2008 concluded that it was unclear what the actual plant ingredients were, where the synthetic tocopherol had come from, and whether the subjective cannabis-like effects were actually produced by any of the claimed plant ingredients or instead might possibly be caused by a synthetic cannabinoid drug.[1]

Synthetic cannabinoid ingredients

On December 15 2008, it was announced by German pharmaceutical company THCPharm, that JWH-018 had been found as one of the active components in at least three versions of the supposedly "herbal" smoking blend, cannabis substitute drug Spice, which had been sold in a number of countries around the world since 2002 as an "incense" or legal substitute for marijuana.[2][3][4][5][6]


On January 19 2009, it was announced by the University of Freiburg in Germany that the other main active substance in Spice is an undisclosed analogue of the synthetic cannabinoid CP 47,497.[7] On the 22nd January 2009, CP 47,497 along with its dimethylhexyl, dimethyloctyl and dimethylnonyl homologues, were added to the German controlled drug schedules ("Betäubungsmittelgesetz").[8][9] Different ratios of JWH-018 and CP 47,497 and their analogues had apparently been used in the various different varieties of Spice. im a dick head Another potent synthetic cannabinoid, HU-210, has been reported to have been found in Spice seized by the US Customs & Border Protection.[10]

Competing products

A large number of competing products made by other manufacturers appeared shortly after the emergence of spice. Of these products "Smoke" and "Skunk" were found to contain both JWH-018 and oleamide [11]. However, the ingredients of many other market competitors are still unknown.

Legal status

Austria

The Austrian Ministry of Health announced on 18 December 2008 that Spice would be controlled under Paragraph 78 of their drug law on the grounds that it contains an active substance which affects the functions of the body, and the legality of JWH-018 is under review.[12][13][14]

Canada

Spice is currently legal in Canada. Health Canada is actually debating on the subject.[15][16]

Chile

The Chilean Ministry of Health on April 24, 2009 declared the sale of Spice to be illegal.[17]

Estonia

The Minister of Social Affairs has signed a draft regulation, adding synthetic cannabinoids to the list of narcotics and psychotropic substances. Thus the import/export, sale and possession of Spice and its analogues will be treated as a drug-related offense according to the Penal Code.[citation needed]

Germany

JWH-018, CP 47,497 and the C6, C8 and C9 homologues of CP 47,497 are illegal in Germany since 22nd of January 2009.[9][18]

Finland

Spice blends are classified as a medicine in Finland and therefore it is illegal to order them without a prescription. In practice it's not possible to get a prescription.[citation needed]

France

JWH-018, CP 47,497 (and its homologues) and HU-210 were all made illegal in France on 24th of February 2009.[19]

New Zealand

Spice is currently legal in New Zealand.[20]

Poland

JWH-018 and many of the herbs mentioned on the fictional ingredient lists (in Spice and similar drugs) have been made illegal in May 2009. The bill was accepted by Polish Sejm,[21][22] Polish Senat[23] and was signed by the president.[24]

Russia

On April 9, 2009, the Chief Medical Officer of the Russian Federation issued a resolution on reinforcing control over the sales of smoking blends. These blends, marketed under the trade names AM-HI-CO, Dream, Spice (Gold, Diamond), Zoom, Ex-ses, Yucatan Fire and others have been declared to contain Diviner’s Sage, Hawaaian Rose and Blue Lotus and are prohibited to be sold. These substances have been found to have "psychotropic, narcotic effects, contain poisonous components and represent potential threat for humans." The resolution does not mention JWH-018 or other synthetic cannabinoids.[25] On January 14, 2010, the Russian government issued a statement including 23 synthetic cannabinoids found in smoking blends along with Diviner’s Sage (as well as its active compound Salvinorin A), Hawaaian Rose and Blue Lotus on the list of prohibited narcotic and psychotropic substances. Thus, all of these plants and compounds are now illegal in the Russian Federation.[26]

Slovak Republic

Spice is still legal in Slovak Republic. National Anti-Drug Unit is considering adding it to the list of controlled substances[27]. The latest anti-drug law version (468/2009) valid since January 2010 still does not mention active compounds of Spice[28].

South Korea

As of July 1 2009, South Korea has officially added JWH-018, CP 47,497 and HU-210 to the controlled substance list, effectively making these chemicals illegal.[citation needed]

Sweden

CP 47,497-C6, CP 47,497-C7, CP 47,497-C8, CP 47,497-C9, JWH-018, JWH-073 and HU-210 were all made illegal in Sweden on 15th of September 2009. The bill was accepted on 30 July 2009 and was put in effect on 15 September 2009.[29]

Switzerland

Spice has been banned in Switzerland.[30]

United Kingdom

Spice was legal in the United Kingdom until December 2009, when it was classified as a Class B drug.[31]

USA

Spice is currently not a scheduled drug in the USA.[32]

See also

References

  1. ^ BfR rät vom Konsum der Kräutermischung „Spice“ ab. (German)
  2. ^ THCPharm analysis of Spice (German)
  3. ^ Gefährlicher Kick mit Spice (German)
  4. ^ Erstmals Bestandteile der Modedroge „Spice“ nachgewiesen (German)
  5. ^ Spice enthält chemischen Wirkstoff (German)
  6. ^ [Schifano, F., Corazza, O., Deluca, P., Davey, Z. and the Psychonaut Web Mapping Group (2009). Psychoactive drug or mystical incense? Overview of the online available information on Spice products. International Journal of Culture and Mental Health, 2(2), 137-144 http://www.psychonautproject.eu]
  7. ^ Hauptwirkstoff von "Spice" identifiziert January 19, 2009 (German)
  8. ^ Modedroge "Spice" ist verboten! (German)
  9. ^ a b BGBl I Nr. 3 vom 21.01.2009, 22. BtMÄndV vom 19. Januar 2009, S. 49–50.
  10. ^ “SPICE” - PLANT MATERIAL(S) LACED WITH SYNTHETIC CANNABINOIDS OR CANNABINOID MIMICKING COMPOUNDS (U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration)
  11. ^ http://www.synchronium.net/wp-content/uploads/2009/02/spiceanalysis.pdf
  12. ^ Kräutermischung "Spice": Gesundheitsministerium stoppt Handel (German) 18 December 2008
  13. ^ Austria bans herbal incense 'Spice'
  14. ^ Gesundheitsministerium setzt Maßnahme zum Verbot von "Spice" (German)
  15. ^ http://www.cyberpresse.ca/le-soleil/actualites/societe/200907/12/01-883526-le-spice-la-capitale-craque-pour-les-herbes-magiques.php
  16. ^ http://pilule.telequebec.tv/occurrence.aspx?id=595
  17. ^ Chile prohibe uso de spice, La Nacion 24 de Abril 2009.(Spanish)
  18. ^ Betäubungsmittelrecht: Modedroge Spice wird per Eilverordnung verboten (German)
  19. ^ [1]
  20. ^ http://tvnz.co.nz/view/page/411361/2437839
  21. ^ [2]
  22. ^ [3]
  23. ^ [4]
  24. ^ [5]
  25. ^ О запрещении реализации продукции с содержанием шалфея предсказателей, гавайской розы и голубого лотоса (Russian)
  26. ^ Постановление от 31 декабря 2009 г. № 1186 О внесении изменений в некоторые постановления Правительства Российской Федерации по вопросам, связанным с оборотом наркотических средств (Russian)
  27. ^ [6](Slovak)
  28. ^ Law 468/2009(Slovak)
  29. ^ [7](Swedish)
  30. ^ Adams, Stephen (13 February 2009). "Teens in Britain getting legally high on synthetic cannabis banned across Europe". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 13 August 2009. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  31. ^ http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/8427439.stm
  32. ^ Drug Scheduling US DEA

External links

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