Stefan Drzewiecki

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Stefan Drzewiecki
Stefan Drzewiecki
BornJuly 26, 1844
Kunka
DiedApril 23, 1938
Paris
NationalityPolish
Occupation(s)Engineer, constructor and inventor
Known forSubmarine design

Stefan Drzewiecki (July 26, 1844 in Kunka, Podolia, Russian Empire (today Ukraine, formerly Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth) – April 23, 1938 in Paris) was a Polish scientist, journalist, engineer, constructor and inventor, working in France and the Russian Empire.[1][2][3]

Life

Drzewiecki was born into Polish aristocratic (szlachta) family of national patriots. His grandfather Józef Drzewiecki served under Kościuszko and Dąbrowski. His father Karol Drzewiecki took part in the November Uprising. Young Stefan was sent by him away from partitioned Poland to complete his education in France. With a knack for creativity and invention, Stefan Drzewiecki invented such useful tools as the kilometric counter for taxicabs. At the special request of Grand Duke Konstantin, Drzewiecki moved to Saint Petersburg in 1873 at the age of 29. While in Russia Drzewiecki had a fruitful career as a mechanical engineer.

Career

Drzewiecki-designed submarine built in 1881 and now in the Central Naval Museum, Saint Petersburg

Drzewiecki distinguished himself mainly in aviation and ship building. Beginning in 1877, during the Russo-Turkish War, he developed several models of propeller-driven submarines that evolved from single-person vessels to a four-man model. He developed the theory of gliding flight, developed a method for the manufacture of ship and plane propellers (1892), and presented a general theory for screw-propeller thrust (1920). He also developed several models of early submarines for the Russian Navy, and devised a torpedo-launching system for ships and submarines that bears his name, the Drzewiecki drop collar. He also made an instrument that drew the precise routes of ships onto a nautical chart.[3][4]

His work Theorie générale de l'hélice (1920), was honored by the French Academy of Science as fundamental in the development of modern propellers.

See also

Media related to Stefan Drzewiecki at Wikimedia Commons
  • Blade element theory designed by William Froude (1878), David W. Taylor (1893) and Stefan Drzewiecki to determine the behavior of propellers.

Notes

  1. ^ Branfill-Cook, Roger (2014). Torpedo: The Complete History of the World's Most Revolutionary Naval Weapon. Seaforth Publishing. p. 117. ISBN 9781848322158.
  2. ^ Gudmundsson, Snorri (2013). General Aviation Aircraft Design: Applied Methods and Procedures. Butterworth-Heinemann. p. 640. ISBN 9780123973085.
  3. ^ a b „Drzewiecki” submarine at CTIE.Monash.edu.au.
  4. ^ Okręty Podwodne Świata (wszystko o okrętach podwodnych). at OPS.Mil.pl

References

  • Słownik polskich pionierów techniki pod redakcją Bolesława Orłowskiego. Katowice: Wydawnictwo „Śląsk”, 1986, s. 57. ISBN 83-216-0339-4.
  • Alfred Liebfeld, Polacy na szlakach techniki. Warszawa: Wydawnictwa Szkolne i Pedagogiczne, 1985, s. 215–225. ISBN 83-02-01574-1.
  • Krzysztof Kubiak, Wielki błękit wynalazców, biuletyn „Rzeczpospolitej” 11 grudnia 2010, Nr 47
  • Jerzy Pertek, Polscy pionierzy podwodnej żeglugi, seria wydawnicza Wydawnictwa Morskiego Miniatury Morskie zeszyt 3: Polskie tradycje morskie, s. 26–49.
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