Sukhothai (city)
Sukhothai (Template:Lang-th;[Note 1] pronunciation)) was the capital of the Sukhothai Kingdom. Sukhothai is 12 km west of the modern city of New Sukhothai.
Sukhothai is from Sanskrit sukha (सुख "happiness") + udaya (उदय "rise, emergence"), meaning "dawn of happiness". Founded in 1238, it is about 427 km north of Bangkok. Sukhothai was the capital of the Thai Empire for approximately 140 years. As of 2014, 193 temples have been excavated and partly reconstructed.
The stele of Ram Khamhaeng states the city had a triple wall and four gates. At its center was a pond, a "marvelous pond of clear and delicious water like the water of the Mekong in the dry season." The Aranyika monastery was west of the city, a great lake to the east, a market to the north, and the Khao Luang hill to the south.[1]: 207
Old Sukhothai is a quiet town with almost no hotels. Most visitors stay in New Sukhothai. Others stay in the nearby city of Phitsanulok, which has numerous hotels and restaurants and is on the rail line between Bangkok and Chiang Mai.
Sukhothai occupies an area of 6,596 km2. The historic town of Sukhothai and related areas were designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1991.[2]
Notes
- ^ "สุโขทัย" (Sukhothai) is the modern spelling. Archaic spellings include "ศุโขไทย" (Sukhothai)[3] and "สุกโขไท" (Sukkhothai).[4]
References
- ^ Coedès, George (1968). Walter F. Vella (ed.). The Indianized States of Southeast Asia. trans.Susan Brown Cowing. University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 978-0-8248-0368-1.
- ^ U. "Historic Town of Sukhothai and Associated Historic Towns - UNESCO World Heritage Centre". Whc.unesco.org. Retrieved 2015-07-17.
- ^ "พระราชพงษาวดาร ฉบับพระราชหัดถเลขา ภาค 1". Bangkok: Wachirayan Royal Library. 1912. p. 278.
{{cite web}}: Missing or empty|url=(help); Unknown parameter|trans_title=ignored (|trans-title=suggested) (help) - ^ Thailand's Inscriptions Database (2006). "จารึกวัดศรีชุม ด้านที่ 1" (in Thai). Bangkok: Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Anthropology Centre (Public Organisation). Retrieved 2014-11-19.
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External links
Sukhothai travel guide from Wikivoyage
17°00′N 99°49′E / 17.000°N 99.817°E
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