View source for Surb Karapet Monastery

{{Short description|Former Armenian monastery in Turkey}}
{{Infobox religious building
| building_name         = Surb Karapet Monastery
|native_name=Մշո Սուրբ Կարապետ վանք
| image                 = File:Surb Karapet Monastery Hampikian LoC.png
| image_upright         = 1.3
| caption               = The monastery before its destruction in 1915<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenian monastery of Surb Karapet (the Holy Precursor, St. John the Baptist) in Mush (Muş İli), Turkey|url=https://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2002715189/|publisher=[[Library of Congress]]  |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191231234644/https://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2002715189/ |archive-date=31 December 2019}}</ref>
| location              = [[:tr:Yukarıyongalı|Yukarıyongalı]]<ref name="agos2016"/> (Çengilli),<ref name="Mildanoğlu"/><ref name="muskulturturizm"/> [[Muş Province]], Turkey
| map_type              = Turkey
| coordinates           = {{coord|38.961068|41.191697|display=inline,title}}
| religious_affiliation = [[Armenian Apostolic Church]]
| functional_status     = Completely demolished;<ref name="Adalian"/>{{sfn|Maranci|2002|p=123}} some traces remain<ref name="Hewsen"/><ref>{{cite web|author=Archdeacon Charles Hardy|title=In Search of Our Roots – An Armenian Odyssey|url=http://www.bvahan.com/armenianpilgrimages/hardy3.asp|website=bvahan.com|date=May 2000|quote=The vank is completely in ruins. Remaining are a few stone structures facing each other about thirty feet apart.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200629112313/http://www.bvahan.com/armenianpilgrimages/hardy3.asp|archive-date=29 June 2020|access-date=26 February 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>
| architecture          = yes
| architecture_type     = [[Monastery]]
| architecture_style    = [[Armenian architecture|Armenian]]
| founded_by            = [[Gregory the Illuminator]]
| groundbreaking        = 4th century (traditional date)
| year_completed        = 4th–19th centuries<ref>{{cite web|title=St. Karapet Monastery, 4th–19th centuries|url=http://www.raa.am/Jard/Turkey/S_Karapet/Karapet_Galery.htm|publisher=[[Research on Armenian Architecture]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140923151751/http://www.raa.am/Jard/Turkey/S_Karapet/Karapet_Galery.htm|archive-date=23 September 2014|quote=At present the Kurdish village of Changli is situated in the site of the monastery. The ruined parts of the monastery laid in the walls of different buildings in the present-day village.}}</ref>
| specifications        =
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'''Surb Karapet Monastery of Mush''' ({{langx|hy|Մշո Սուրբ Կարապետ վանք}}, ''Msho Surb Karapet vank'',{{efn-ua|[[Classical Armenian orthography]]: Մշոյ Սուրբ Կարապետ վանք; [[Western Armenian]] pronunciation: ''Mšo Surp Garabed vank{{'}}''․ {{langx|tr|Surp Garabet}} or ''Surpgarabet Manastırı''.<ref name="agos2016"/><ref name="muskulturturizm"/>}} also known by [[#Names|other names]]) was an [[Armenian Apostolic Church|Armenian Apostolic]] monastery in the historic province of [[Taron (historic Armenia)|Taron]], about {{convert|30|km|abbr=on}} northwest of [[Muş|Mush (Muş)]], in present-day eastern [[Turkey]].

''Surb Karapet'' translates to "[[Precursor (religion)|Holy Precursor]]" and refers to [[John the Baptist]], whose remains are believed to have been stored at the site by [[Gregory the Illuminator]] in the early fourth century. The monastery subsequently served as a stronghold of the [[Mamikonian]]s—the princely house of Taron, who claimed to be the holy warriors of John the Baptist, their patron saint. It was expanded and renovated many times in later centuries. By the 20th century, it was a large fort-like enclosure with four chapels.

Historically, the monastery was the religious center of Taron and was a prominent pilgrimage site. It was considered the most important monastery in [[Western Armenia|Turkish (Western) Armenia]] and the second most important of all Armenian monasteries after [[Etchmiadzin Cathedral|Etchmiadzin]]. From the 12th century, the monastery was the seat of the diocese of Taron, which had an Armenian population of 90,000 in the early 20th century. It attracted pilgrims and hosted large celebrations on several occasions annually. The monastery was burned and looted during the [[Armenian genocide]] of 1915 and later abandoned. Its stones have since been reappropriated by local Kurds for building purposes.

==Names==
Throughout its history, the monastery has been known by several names. One of the common names was '''Glakavank'''{{efn-ua|It is sometimes transliterated into English as ''Glaka vank'' ([[Classical Armenian orthography|classical spelling]]: Գլակայ վանք; [[Armenian orthography reform|reformed spelling]]: Գլակա վանք) or ''Klaga vank'' (from Western Armenian).<ref>{{cite book|last1=Saint-Martin|first1=Jean|author-link1=Antoine-Jean Saint-Martin|title=Mémoires historiques et géographiques sur l'Arménie|date=1818|publisher=Imprimerie Royale|location=Paris|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=qZg50G5eCWwC&pg=PA101 101]|language=fr}}</ref>}} (Գլակավանք), meaning "Monastery of Glak" after its first father superior, [[Zenob Glak]].{{sfn|Avetisyan|1979|p=203}} Due to its location it was also called '''Innaknian vank''',<ref name="Hacikyan"/>{{efn-ua|Իննակնեան վանք in classical spelling,<ref>{{cite web|script-title=hy:՜՜Սուրբ Կարապետ՝՝ Քրիստոնեայ Հայոց Առաջին Աղօթավայրը|url=http://hy.radiovaticana.va/storico/2011/01/18/%D5%9C%D5%9C%D5%BD%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%A2_%D5%AF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%9D%D5%9D_%D6%84%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%A5%D5%A1%D5%B5_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%81_%D5%A1%D5%BC%D5%A1%D5%BB%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%A1%D5%B2%D6%85%D5%A9%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%B5%D6%80%D5%A8/arm-455125|publisher=[[Vatican Radio]]|language=hy|date=18 January 2011|quote=...վանքը առած է նաեւ Իննակնեան վանք անունը։|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303233940/http://hy.radiovaticana.va/storico/2011/01/18/%D5%9C%D5%9C%D5%BD%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%A2_%D5%AF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%9D%D5%9D_%D6%84%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%A5%D5%A1%D5%B5_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%81_%D5%A1%D5%BC%D5%A1%D5%BB%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%A1%D5%B2%D6%85%D5%A9%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%B5%D6%80%D5%A8/arm-455125|archive-date=3 March 2016|access-date=28 September 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> and Իննակնյան վանք in reformed spelling}} translating to "Monastery of the Nine Springs".<ref name="Hacikyan"/>

Turkish sources refer to it as '''Çanlı Kilise'''<ref name="mus.gov.tr"/> (lit. "Church with Bell Towers"),<ref name="Hovhannisyan"/> or '''Çengelli Kilise'''<ref>{{cite book|title=Hayat türkiye ansiklopedisi|year=1965|location=Istanbul|language=tr|publisher=Tifdruk|oclc=4848797|page=415|quote=...Surb-Karabet Manastırı (ki Türkler «Canlı» veya «Çengelli Kilise» derlerdi)...}}</ref> (meaning "Church with Bells" in [[Kurdish language|Kurdish]],<ref name="Vardzk"/> also the name of the village in which it is located). They sometimes provide a version of its Armenian name: ''Surpgarabet Manastırı''.<ref name="muskulturturizm"/><ref name="mus.gov.tr">{{cite web|title=Tarihi Eserler [Historical monuments]|url=http://www.mus.gov.tr/default_b0.aspx?content=1026|publisher=Muş Valiliği|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140923022742/http://www.mus.gov.tr/default_b0.aspx?content=1026|archive-date=23 September 2014|language=tr|quote=Çanlı Kilise (Surpgarabet Manastırı)}}</ref> Turkish sources and travel guides generally omit the fact that it was an Armenian monastery.<ref name="Hovhannisyan">{{cite web|last1=Hovhannisyan|first1=A.|title=Armenian Mush: Yesterday and Today|url=http://armheritage.sci.am/rus-45.pdf|publisher=Institute of Oriental Studies of the [[Armenian National Academy of Sciences]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140922040018/http://armheritage.sci.am/rus-45.pdf|archive-date=22 September 2014|quote=Մշո Առաքելոց և Սբ. Կարապետ վանքերը միակ հնություններն են, որոնք հիշատակվում ենզբոսաշրջիկների ուղեցույցներում, այն էլ թրքացված ձևով (Arak venki և Çanlı kilise, այսինքն` զանգակատնով եկեղեցի), առանց նշելու նրանց հայկական ծագումը: Նույն ուղեցույցների Մուշի պատմությանը նվիրված ակնարկներում հայերի մասին հիշատակում չկա:}}</ref>

==History==
[[File:Saintgarabedinterior.jpg|thumb|The [[Martyrium (architecture)|martyrium]] of [[John the Baptist]]]]

===Foundation to the Middle Ages===
According to Armenian tradition, the site was founded in the early fourth century by [[Gregory the Illuminator]], who went to [[Taron (historic Armenia)|Taron]] to spread Christianity following the conversion of King [[Tiridates III of Armenia]]. At the time, there were two brass statues of the [[Armenian mythology|pagan]] idols Gisané and Demeter on the site of the cloister.{{sfn|Ghrejyan|2010|p=187}}<ref name="Hacikyan"/><ref>{{cite book |last1=Harutyunyan |first1=Sargis |title=Հայոց սրբերը և սրբավայրերը [Armenian Saints and Sanctuaries] |date=2001 |publisher=Hayastan |location=Yerevan |isbn=5-540-01771-4 |url=http://haygirk.nla.am/opac-tmpl/prog/images/Hayoc%20srber@%20ev%20srbavayrer@.pdf |language=hy |chapter=Մշո Սուրբ Կարապետ եկեղեցու պաշտամունքային նախահիմքերը և Ս. Կարապետի կերպարն ըստ ժողովրդական ավանդության |pages=21–28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220807172737/http://haygirk.nla.am/opac-tmpl/prog/images/Hayoc%20srber@%20ev%20srbavayrer@.pdf |archive-date=2022-08-07 }}</ref> They were presumably razed to the ground by Gregory, who erected a [[:wikt:martyrion|martyrion]]<ref name="Terian"/>{{efn-ua|According to [[Jean-Michel Thierry]], the martyrium of John the Baptist was probably at first a hall-shaped building with archaic-style cupola, but was later much altered.<ref>{{cite book|first=Jean-Michel|last=Thierry|author-link=Jean-Michel Thierry|title=Armenian Art|year=1989|location=New York|publisher=[[Harry N. Abrams, Inc.]]|isbn=978-0810906259|page=175}}</ref>}} to house the remains of Saints Athenogenes and [[John the Baptist]]<ref name="Vardanian & Zarian"/>{{sfn|Avetisyan|1979|p=204}} which he had brought from [[Kayseri|Caesarea]].<ref>{{cite web|script-title=hy:Ս. Աթանագինե եպիսկոպոսի և նրա տաս աշակերտների նահատակության հիշատակության օր|url=http://www.araratian-tem.am/?page=holidays&id=1969#|website=araratian-tem.am|publisher=[[Araratian Pontifical Diocese]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141221221246/http://www.araratian-tem.am/?page=holidays&id=1969|archive-date=21 December 2014|language=hy|quote=Ս. Գրիգոր Լուսավորիչը, ով մինչ Տրդատ արքայի մոտ ծառայության անցնելն ամուսնացած էր Աթանագինեի քրոջ՝ Մարիամի հետ, Կեսարիայից վերադառնալիս նրա մասունքները Ս. Հովհաննես Մկրտչի նշխարների հետ Հայաստան է բերում և թաղում Տարոն գավառի Գլակա վանքում:}}</ref>{{sfn|Ghrejyan|2010|p=187}} According to other sources the pagan temples were dedicated to [[Vahagn]] and [[Astghik]], the foremost deities in pre-Christian Armenia.{{sfn|van Lint|2005|p=352}} [[James R. Russell]] suggests that in Armenia some of the qualities of the pagan god Vahagn were passed down to John the Baptist. Folk belief held that ''[[:wikt:դեւ|devs]]'' (demons) were kept underneath the monastery; they would be released during the [[Second Coming]] by John the Baptist (''Surb Karapet'').{{sfn|van Lint|2005|p=352}} 

Zenob Glak, a Syriac archbishop, is traditionally believed to have been its first father superior. He is sometimes mentioned as the author of ''History of Taron'' (''Patmutiun Tarono'', Պատմութիւն Տարօնոյ),<ref name="Hacikyan"/> although the work is generally attributed to the otherwise unknown [[John Mamikonean]] and "scholars are convinced that the work is an original composition of a later period (post-eighth century), written as a deliberate forgery."{{sfn|Mamikonean|1985|ps=, Translator's Preface}} Its main purpose seems to be asserting the monastery's preeminence.<ref name="Hacikyan"/> A relatively short "historical" romance,{{sfn|Mamikonean|1985|ps=, Translator's Preface}} it tells the story of the five members of the [[Mamikonian]]s, Taron's princely house: Mushegh, Vahan, Smbat, his son Vahan Kamsarakan, and the latter's son Tiran, who were known as the Holy Warriors of John the Baptist, their patron saint.{{sfn|Mamikonean|1985|ps=, Translator's Preface}} They defended the monastery and other churches in the district.<ref name="Hacikyan"/>

[[Hrachia Acharian]] suggested that [[Mesrop Mashtots]], the inventor of the [[Armenian alphabet]], may have studied at the monastery in the late fourth century.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Adjarian |first1=Hrachia |author-link1=Hrachia Adjarian |title=Հայոց գրերը [The Armenian Script] |series=Հայագիտական հետազոտությունների մատենաշար |date=1984 |publisher=Hayastan Publishing |location=Yerevan |page=[http://serials.flib.sci.am/Founders/Hayoc%20grer-%20Acharyan/book/index.html#page/76/mode/2up 73] |url=http://haygirk.nla.am/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=7946 |language=hy |quote=Մեսրոպը իր նախնական կրթությունը ստացավ իր նահանգում (Տարոնում), թերևս ս. Կարապետի հռչակավոր վանքում։}}</ref>

In the sixth century, the chronicler Atanas Taronatsi (Athanas of Taron), best remembered for collocation of the [[Armenian calendar]], served as its father superior.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Matevossian|first=Artashes|title=Մովսես Խորենացին և Աթանաս Տարոնացու ժամանակագրությունը [Movses Khorenatsi and Atanas Taronatsi's Chronicle]|journal=[[Patma-Banasirakan Handes]]|date=1989|issue=1|page=225|url=http://hpj.asj-oa.am/5142/|language=hy|quote=Տարոնի Ս. Կարապետ վանքի առաջնորդ Աթանաս Տարոնացին է, որը կարգել է հայոց նոր թվականությունը, այն սկսելով 552 թ.|access-date=2014-12-24|archive-date=2014-12-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141225012023/http://hpj.asj-oa.am/5142/|url-status=dead}}</ref> The monastery's possessions were expanded in the seventh century, but the building was reduced to ruins by an earthquake in the same century. It was subsequently rebuilt and the chapel of Surb Stepanos (St. Stephen) was founded.<ref name="Vardanian & Zarian"/>

[[Christina Maranci]] is skeptical of the traditional narrative. She suggests that the foundation of the monastery is, instead, "most probably connected with the rise of the monastic movement" in [[Bagratid Armenia]] in the 940s.{{sfn|Maranci|2002|p=122}} In the late ninth century, following the establishment of Bagratid Armenia, a school was founded at the monastery.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Mkhitarian|first=S. M.|title=Մաշտոցյան ավանդույթները հայ դպրոցում (Հայ գրերի գյուտի, դպրոցի և դպրության 1600-ամյակի առթիվ) [The Mashtots Traditions in Armenian Schools (to the 1600th Anniversary of the Creation of Armenian Written Language and School)]|journal=[[Lraber Hasarakakan Gitutyunneri]]|date=2005|page=105|url=http://lraber.asj-oa.am/195/|language=hy|quote=885 թ. պետականության վերականգնումից հետո կյանքն աստիճանաբար վերափոխվում է, և դպրոցի այս տիպը (վանական) մեծ զարգացում ու տարածում է գտնում: Այսպիսի դպրոցներ են բացվում [...] Մշո Գլակա ու Առաքելոց վանքերում, Նարեկա վանքում և այլուր:}}</ref> In the 11th century [[Grigor Magistros]] built a palace within the monastery, but it was destroyed by fire in 1058 along with St. Gregory (Surb Grigor) Church which had a wooden roof.<ref name="Vardanian & Zarian"/> Following the death of the [[Ahlatshahs#Rulers of Ahlatshahs|Sökmen II Shah Armen]] in 1185 the monastery was attacked by Muslims. Archbishop Stepanos was killed and the monks abandoned the monastery for a year.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Matevosyan|first=Karen|authorlink=Karen Matevosyan|title=Մշո Սբ. Կարապետ վանքի պատմության մի դրվագ [A Historical Fragment of St. Karapet Church in Mush]|journal=[[Patma-Banasirakan Handes]]|date=2007|issue=1|url=http://hpj.asj-oa.am/2369/|language=hy|page=197}}</ref>

===Modern period===
[[File:Monastery of Surb Karapet from the South.png|thumb|View of the monastery from the south in the 1890s{{sfn|Lynch|1901|pp=176–177}}]]

In the mid-16th century the Surb Karapet chapel was built.<ref name="Vardanian & Zarian"/> According to the 17th-century traveler [[Evliya Çelebi]] the leadership of the monastery made large gifts to Turkish [[pasha]]s in order to secure the monastic properties.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Papazian|first=A. H.|title=Թուրքական աղբյուրները Հայաստանի և հայերի մասին (XVI—XVIII դդ.) (Համառոտ ակնարկ) [The Turkish Sources about Armenia and Armenians (XVI-XVIII centuries)]|journal=[[Patma-Banasirakan Handes]]|date=1992|issue=1|url=http://hpj.asj-oa.am/5576/|language=hy|page=104|quote=Առավել ուշադրության արժանի են Մշո Ս. Կարապետ վանքին վերաբերող նյութերը։ Այստեղ ցույց է տրված, թե վանական կալվածների գոյությունը վտանգից զերծ պահելու համար, վանքի հոգևոր առաջնորդները ինչպիսի մեծ նվիրատվություններ են կատարել թուրք փաշաներին:}}</ref> From the 16th to the 18th centuries the monastery often sheltered Armenians fleeing the [[Ottoman–Persian Wars]]. In the 1750s, the Surb Karapet church was destroyed by Persian troops. In the 18th century, several earthquakes hit the monastery. The one in 1784 being especially devastating; destroyed the main church, the [[refectory]], part of the bell tower and the southern wall. In 1788 the monastic complex underwent complete reconstruction—its ''[[gavit]]'' ([[narthex]]) was enlarged, and renovation was carried out in its belfry, the monks' cells, scriptorium, ramparts and other sections.<ref name="Vardzk"/>

====19th century====
In 1827 Kurdish gangs seized and looted the monastery, destroying the furniture and manuscripts.<ref name="Vardanian & Zarian"/> However, the monastery prospered at the beginning in 1862 when [[Mkrtich Khrimian]] became its father superior and, simultaneously, the prelate of Taron.{{sfn|Costandian|1999|p=66}} Khrimian sought to reform the way donations were handled by establishing a council which would finance community projects. Before his reforms, most of the money went to the monks and affluent Armenians of the region who offered fierce opposition to him, including two attempts on his life.<ref>{{cite web|last=Derderian|first=Dzovinar|title=Mapping the Fatherland: Artzvi Vaspurakan's Reforms through the Memory of the Past|url=https://www.houshamadyan.org/en/mapottomanempire/vilayet-of-van/kaza-of-van/miscellaneous-scholarly-articles.html|website=houshamadyan.org|date=16 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210524145428/https://www.houshamadyan.org/en/mapottomanempire/vilayet-of-van/kaza-of-van/miscellaneous-scholarly-articles.html |archive-date=24 May 2021}}</ref> In his first year, he founded a largely secular school at the monastery, called ''Zharangavorats''.{{sfn|Costandian|1999|p=67}}<ref name="xrimyan ysu">{{cite web|title=Խրիմյան Հայրիկ [Khrimian Hayrik]|url=http://www.historyofarmenia.am/am/Encyclopedia_of_armenian_history_Xrimyan_Hayrik|publisher=Institute for Armenian Studies of [[Yerevan State University]]|language=hy |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190701193056/http://www.historyofarmenia.am/am/Encyclopedia_of_armenian_history_Xrimyan_Hayrik |archive-date=1 July 2019}}</ref> Among others, the ''[[Armenian fedayi|fedayi]]'' [[Kevork Chavush]]<ref name="encyclopedia.am chavush"/> and [[Hrayr Dzhoghk]],<ref>{{cite book|last1=Harutyunyan|first1=G.|title=[[Soviet Armenian Encyclopedia]] Volume 6|contribution=Հրայր [Hrayr]|date=1980|page=620|language=hy|quote=Սովորել է Տարոնի Ղզլաղաճ գյուղի, Մշո Ս. Կարապետ վանքի և Միացյալ ընկերության դպրոցներում:}}</ref> the singer [[Armenak Shahmuradyan]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Շահմուրադյան Արմենակ [Armenak Shahmuradyan]|url=http://www.encyclopedia.am/pages.php?bId=2&hId=1520|website=encyclopedia.am|publisher=[[Armenian Encyclopedia Publishing]]|language=hy|quote=Հետագայում ուսումը շարունակել է Մշո Սբ Կարապետ վանքի ժառանգավորաց դպրոցում...|archive-url=https://archive.today/20141221223354/http://www.encyclopedia.am/pages.php?bId=2&hId=1520|archive-date=21 December 2014|access-date=21 December 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> and the writer [[Gegham Ter-Karapetian]] (Msho Gegham)<ref>{{cite book|last1=Kaligian|first1=Dikran Mesrob|title=Armenian Organization and Ideology Under Ottoman Rule: 1908–1914|date=2009|publisher=Transaction Publishers|isbn=978-1-4128-4245-7|page=38|quote=He was educated at St. Garabed Monastery in Muş...}}</ref> studied there. From April 1, 1863 until June 1, 1865 Khrimian published the journal ''The Eaglet of Taron''<ref>{{cite book|last1=Hacikyan|first1=Agop Jack|author-link1=Agop Jack Hacikyan|last2=Basmajian|first2=Gabriel|last3=Franchuk|first3=Edward S.|last4=Ouzounian|first4=Nourhan|title=The Heritage of Armenian Literature: From the eighteenth century to modern times|year=2005|publisher=Wayne State University Press|location=Detroit|isbn=9780814332214|page=372}}</ref> (''Artzvik Tarono'', «Արծւիկ Տարօնոյ») at the monastery. It was written in [[modern Armenian]], and hence accessible to the common people. The journal sought to raise the [[national consciousness]] of the Armenians.{{sfn|Costandian|1999|p=67}} Edited by [[Garegin Srvandztiants]], a total of 43 issues were published.{{sfn|Avetisyan|1979|p=206}} Khrimian left the monastery in 1868 when he became the [[Armenian Patriarch of Constantinople]].<ref name="xrimyan ysu"/>

{{multiple image|image1=Church of Surb Karapet from South-West.png|image2=Mush St. Karapet Monastery 2.jpg|width1=170|width2=200|footer_align=center|footer=The entrance to the monastery from the bell tower}}

According to two French travelers in 1890, the monastery possessed large plots of land and it took several hours to get from one end to another. The estate was covered by forests, arable fields and had three farms with around a thousand goats and sheep, a hundred oxen and cattle, sixty horses, twenty donkeys and four mules, which were taken care of by 156 servants.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Hambaryan|first=Azat|title=Արևմտահայ վանական տնտեսությունը (XIX դարի երկրորդ կես – XX դարի սկիզբ) [Monasterial Economy in Western Armenia (second half of XIX century beginning of XX century)]|journal=[[Patma-Banasirakan Handes]]|date=2000|issue=2|url=http://hpj.asj-oa.am/4470/|language=hy|page=34}}</ref> In 1896 an orphanage was founded next to the monastery, which housed a library and a school for 45 children.<ref name="Vardanian & Zarian"/>

According to British traveler [[H. F. B. Lynch]], who visited the monastery in 1893, with the presence of the Kurdish threat and the suspicions of the Turkish government "this once flourishing monastery has been stripped of much of its glamour; indeed the monks are little better than prisoners of State."{{sfn|Lynch|1901|p=179}} The monastery was looted in 1895 during the [[Hamidian massacres]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Avagyan |first=Gohar |title=Փաստաթղթեր 1894–1896 թթ. հայկական կոտորածների վերաբերյալ (Բիթլիսի նահանգ) [Documents on Armenian Massacres in 1894–1896 (Bitlis Province))] |journal=Armenological Issues |date=2014 |issue=1 |pages=119–142 |url=http://www.armin.am/images/menus/108/Handes01.pdf |publisher=[[Yerevan State University]] |language=hy |quote=Ս. Կարապետի վանքն ևս կողոպտուած է: |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141218032539/http://www.armin.am/images/menus/108/Handes01.pdf |archive-date=December 18, 2014 }}</ref> By the early 20th century the monastery's structure was deteriorating.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Մշոյ Ս. Կարապետ վանքի ողբալի վիճակը [The tragic condition of the Surb Karapet monastery of Mush]|journal=Luma|date=1903|issue=5|pages=248–249|url=http://luma.asj-oa.am/999/|location=Tiflis|language=hy}}</ref> The decline continued until the start of [[World War I]].<ref name="Hewsen"/>

==Destruction and current state==
During the [[Armenian genocide]] of 1915 the monastery housed a large number of Armenians escaping the deportations and massacres. Turkish forces and Kurdish irregulars laid siege to the monastery, but the Armenians within resisted for more than two months.<ref name="Vardzk"/> According to contemporary reports, around five thousand Armenians were massacred "near the wall of the monastery", while the monastery itself was "sacked and robbed".<ref>{{cite book|editor=Toynbee, Arnold|editor-link=Arnold J. Toynbee|contribution=Moush: Resume of Information Furnished by Refugees in the Caucasus and Published in the Caucasian Press, Especially in the Armenian Journal "Mschak"; compiled by Mr. G. h. Paelian, and Communicated by him to the Armenian Journal "Ararat," of London, March, 1916.|title=The Treatment of Armenians in the Ottoman Empire, 1915–1916: Documents Presented to Viscount Grey of Fallodon by Viscount Bryce, with a Preface by Viscount Bryce|publisher=Hodder & Stoughton|year=1916|location=London|pages=94–95}}</ref> According to the American missionaries [[Clarence Ussher]] and [[Grace Knapp]], the Turks slaughtered "three thousand men, women, and children" gathered at the courtyard of the monastery on command of a German officer.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Ussher|first1=Clarence|last2=Knapp|first2=Grace|author-link1=Clarence Ussher|author-link2=Grace Knapp|title=An American Physician in Turkey: A Narrative of Adventures in Peace and War|date=1917|publisher=Houghton Mifflin|pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=poJjAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA207 207–8]|quote=At Surp Garabed Monastery, near Mush, a German officer was in command of the artillery which overcame the Armenians who were defending their women and children. When they were disarmed and huddled into the courtyard of the monastery, this officer mounted the wall and harangued them, upbraiding them for their lack of loyalty to Turkey and her allies; then, by firing a pistol, gave the signal to the Turks to slaughter three thousand men, women, and children gathered there.}}</ref>

In 1916 the Russian troops and Armenian volunteers temporarily took control of the area and transferred around 1,750 manuscripts to Etchmiadzin.<ref name="Vardanian & Zarian"/>{{sfn|Maranci|2002|p=123}} They also saved an 18th-century reliquary of the right hand of John the Baptist made of silver repoussé.{{sfn|Maranci|2002|p=123}} The area was recaptured by the Turks in 1918 and, subsequently, ceased to exist not only as a spiritual center, but also as an architectural monument. It remained abandoned until the 1960s when Kurdish families settled on the site.<ref name="Hewsen"/> Photographs from 1951 show significant portion of the monastery still standing.<ref>Three photos creditted to "1951 (SALT Research, Coll. Ali Saim Ülgen)":
*[https://archive.today/3zwdI/c49efe61c72d4f2ee4c7484d2a9cdd08e12010af.jpg  Vue du clocher et du bloc des églises / View of the bell tower and the church block]
*[https://archive.today/YbXTw/6ffca54d4553aafafb9f803580f6dc75d8f76786.jpg Enceinte sud, portail et tour / South enclosure, gate and tower]
*[https://archive.today/W9iSP/b5d09e1a8ab42fc572ab6ec14ebfc53c99e0de5f.jpg Enceinte sud, tour / South enclosure, tower]
found here: {{cite web |title=Holy Precursor Monastery of Moush or Klagavank' |url=https://www.collectif2015.org/en/100Monuments/Le-Monastere-du-Saint-Precurseur-de-Mouch-ou-Klagavank-/ |website=collectif2015.org |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240905115223/https://www.collectif2015.org/en/100Monuments/Le-Monastere-du-Saint-Precurseur-de-Mouch-ou-Klagavank-/ |archive-date=5 September 2024}}</ref> Its ruins were "still visible" in the 1970s, but were subsequently "systematically used as a source of stone" to "build makeshift houses in the midst of the rubble."<ref>{{cite web |title=Holy Precursor Monastery of Moush or Klagavank' |url=https://www.collectif2015.org/en/100Monuments/Le-Monastere-du-Saint-Precurseur-de-Mouch-ou-Klagavank-/ |website=collectif2015.org |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240905115223/https://www.collectif2015.org/en/100Monuments/Le-Monastere-du-Saint-Precurseur-de-Mouch-ou-Klagavank-/ |archive-date=5 September 2024}}</ref>

[[File:Karapet Monastery Yukarıyongalı.jpg|thumb|Stones from the monastery in the walls of houses in Yukarıyongalı.]]
Many buildings in [[:tr:Yukarıyongalı|Yukarıyongalı]]<ref name="agos2016"/> (or Çengilli),<ref name="Mildanoğlu"/><ref name="muskulturturizm"/> the village build on its site, include stones from the monastery and ''[[khachkar]]s'' (cross stones), which are embedded in the walls.{{efn-ua|"Their homes, built from the fine dressed stones of the monastery, are often found decorated with khachkars taken from the ruins."<ref name="Hewsen"/><br />"Today Saint Karapet consists of a few shapeless ruins, carved stones and khachkars which have been used as building material by the current Muslim residents (mostly Zaza Kurds), and are often found embedded in the walls of local homes and structures."{{sfn|Kharatyan|Keskin|Keshishyan|Ozturk|2013|p=107}}<br />"Moreover, lots of houses carried a mark of the past, both in terms of memory and actual stones. Khackhars and stone blocks from the monastery had been dispersed and used as building material in the new village. We could see these stones among newer ones in the foundations and walls of homes in Chengilli."{{sfn|Kharatyan|Keskin|Keshishyan|Ozturk|2013|p=69}}<br />"Մշո Սուրբ Կարապետն ամբողջովին ավերված էր, որի տարածքում գտնվող քրդերի տները կառուցված էին վանքի սրբատաշ քարերից և խաչքարերից"<ref>{{cite news|last=Gharabaghtsyan|first=Sergo|script-title=hy:Ուխտագնացություն դեպի էրգիր|url=http://www.yerablur.am/viewmenu/2151/|work=Charagayt|date=January–February 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141221214150/http://www.yerablur.am/viewmenu/2151/|archive-date=21 December 2014|language=hy}}</ref> }} The remaining stones are "being systematically carried off by the local Kurds for their [[spolia|own building purposes]]."<ref>{{cite book|last=Darke|first=Diana|title=Eastern Turkey|date=2011|publisher=[[Bradt Travel Guides]]|isbn=9781841623399|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=U9WwsQE6AJ4C&dq=%22notably+Surp+Karapet+known+locally&pg=PA131 131]}}</ref> According to historian [[Robert H. Hewsen]], as of 2001, only traces of two chambers of the chapel of Surb Stepanos remain, while the rest of the monastery's remains consist of "foundations and ruined walls",<ref name="Hewsen"/> which are used as barns.<ref>{{cite news|last=Örer|first=Ayça|title=Muş'taki Ermeni mirasının yıkımı durdu|url=http://www.radikal.com.tr/turkiye/mustaki-ermeni-mirasinin-yikimi-durdu-1143983/|work=[[Radikal]]|date=30 July 2013|language=tr|quote=Muş'taki Surp Garabet Manastırı'na gittik, geriye biraz duvar ve tonozlar kalmış, altına ahır yapılmış.  |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200103041518/http://www.radikal.com.tr/turkiye/mustaki-ermeni-mirasinin-yikimi-durdu-1143983/ |archive-date=3 January 2020}}</ref>

In May 2015 Aziz Dağcı, the President of the NGO "Union of Social Solidarity and Culture for Bitlis, Batman, Van, Mush and Sasun Armenians", made a formal appeal to the Turkish Ministries of Culture and Interior requesting the reconstruction of the monastery and the removal of all 48 houses and 6 barns on its former location. Dagcı stated that according to the 1923 [[Treaty of Lausanne]] the Turkish government obliged to preserve the religious institutions and structures of ethno-religious minorities, including those of the Armenian community. He added that he first forwarded a letter to government agencies in 2012 who promised to clean the site within six months.<ref>{{cite news|title=Surp Garabet Manastırı için harekete geçildi|url=http://www.milliyet.com.tr/surp-garabet-manastiri-icin-harekete-mus-yerelhaber-812040/|work=[[Milliyet]]|date=29 May 2015|language=tr |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126104758/https://www.milliyet.com.tr/yerel-haberler/mus/surp-garabet-manastiri-icin-harekete-gecildi-10812040 |archive-date=26 January 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|script-title=hy:Մշոյ Սուրբ Կարապետ Վանքի Վերականգնման Համար Դիմում Ներկայացուած Է Կառավարութեան|url=https://www.aztagdaily.com/archives/243785|work=[[Aztag (daily)|Aztag]]|date=9 June 2015|language=hy|archive-url=https://archive.today/20210729030843/https://www.aztagdaily.com/archives/243785|archive-date=29 July 2021|access-date=29 July 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> Dağcı stated in March 2016 that an eviction order was issued, but the governor of Muş arbitrarily does not comply with the decision.<ref name="agos2016"/>

==Surfaced artifacts==
[[File:Carved wooden doors from Church of St John the Baptist, Mush (1212), Armenia! exhibit, Metropolitan Museum of Art, NYC.jpg|thumb|The carved wooden doors on display the Met in 2018.<ref>{{cite book |title=Armenia: Art, Religion, and Trade in the Middle Ages - MetPublications - The Metropolitan Museum of Art |year=2018 |publisher=Metropolitan Museum of Art |pages=109 |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/art/metpublications/Armenia_Art_Religion_and_Trade_in_the_Middle_Ages |language=en |quote=Church of Saint John the Baptist (Surb Karapet), Mush, 1212 Artist: Sarepion (act. 13th century) Walnut Private collection}}</ref>]]

===Doors===
Two monumental carved wooden doors from the monastery, dated 1212, were displayed at the [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]] in 2018. It belongs to a private collector in Canada who acquired it from [[Christie's]] in 1996.<ref>{{cite web |title=Carved Doors / Armenian |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/709051?exhibitionId=%7B2c88337c-50e3-4176-bf5f-f169cc4ee79c%7D&oid=709051&pkgids=501&pg=0&rpp=20&pos=57&ft=*&offset=20 |publisher=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]] |archive-url=https://archive.today/20210729021439/https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/709051?exhibitionId=%7B2c88337c-50e3-4176-bf5f-f169cc4ee79c%7D&oid=709051&pkgids=501&pg=0&rpp=20&pos=57&ft=*&offset=20 |archive-date=29 July 2021 |access-date=25 October 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> It was discovered by an Istanbul-based German artist in 1976 who acquired it for 5,000 [[Deutsche Mark]]s. After his death, it was auctioned in London in 1996 and sold for $50,000.<ref>{{cite news |title=Մշոյ Սուրբ Կարապետ վանքի դուռը 1915 թ. ի վեր առաջին անգամ է հասանելի դարձել լայն հանրութեանը |url=https://alikonline.ir/news/culture/item/49883-%D5%B4%D5%B7%D5%B8%D5%B5-%D5%BD%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%A2-%D5%AF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%A5%D5%BF-%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%B6%D6%84%D5%AB-%D5%A4%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BC%D5%A8-1915-%D5%A9-%D5%AB-%D5%BE%D5%A5%D6%80-%D5%A1%D5%BC%D5%A1%D5%BB%D5%AB%D5%B6-%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%B4-%D5%A7-%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A5%D5%AC%D5%AB-%D5%A4%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B1%D5%A5%D5%AC-%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%B6-%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B6%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%A5%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A8 |work=[[Alik (daily)|Alik]] |date=30 September 2018 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20210729023230/https://alikonline.ir/news/culture/item/49883-%D5%B4%D5%B7%D5%B8%D5%B5-%D5%BD%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%A2-%D5%AF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%A5%D5%BF-%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%B6%D6%84%D5%AB-%D5%A4%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BC%D5%A8-1915-%D5%A9-%D5%AB-%D5%BE%D5%A5%D6%80-%D5%A1%D5%BC%D5%A1%D5%BB%D5%AB%D5%B6-%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%B4-%D5%A7-%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A5%D5%AC%D5%AB-%D5%A4%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B1%D5%A5%D5%AC-%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%B6-%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B6%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%A5%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A8 |archive-date=29 July 2021 |language=hy |access-date=29 July 2021 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Wooden door of Mush's St. Karapet Armenian Monastery currently kept in London |url=http://hayernaysor.am/en/archives/265606 |website=Armenians Today |publisher=Daily News of the Ministry of Diaspora of Armenia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190227095407/http://hayernaysor.am/en/archives/265606 |archive-date=27 February 2019 |date=15 November 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Մշո Սուրբ Կարապետ վանքի դռան ոդիսականը |url=https://akunq.net/am/?p=69360 |work=akunq.net |publisher=Research Center on Western Armenian Studies |date=13 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225174722/https://akunq.net/am/?p=69360 |archive-date=25 February 2021 |language=hy}}</ref>

===Silver cross===
In August 2013 an Armenian-style silver cross attributed by the seller to the Surb Karapet Monastery appeared on the Russian auction website Bay.ru and was valued at $70,000.<ref>{{cite news|title=Historical Armenian cross valued at $70,000 on eBay|url=http://www.tert.am/en/news/2013/08/15/surb-karapet/840608|agency=[[Tert.am]]|date=15 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191231234651/https://www.tert.am/en/news/2013/08/15/surb-karapet/840608 |archive-date=31 December 2019}}</ref> The [[Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin]] said that they were trying "to verify the details regarding the news reports about the auction."<ref>{{cite news|title=Mother See tries to verify information about cross attributed to St. Karapet Monastery of Mush|url=http://armenpress.am/eng/news/729312/|agency=[[Armenpress]]|date=15 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191231234729/https://armenpress.am/eng/news/729312 |archive-date=31 December 2019}}</ref> Art historian [[Levon Chookaszian]] noted the seller did not provide much information and added that "All we can see is that it is delicate silver work and nothing else is known [about it]."<ref>{{cite news|last1=Hakobyan|first1=Gohar|title=Լեւոն Չուգասզյան. "eBay-ում ձեռագիրն ու խաչը նույն մարդն է վաճառում"|url=http://www.aravot.am/2013/08/19/277706/|work=[[Aravot]]|date=19 August 2013|language=hy |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191231234700/https://www.aravot.am/2013/08/19/277706/ |archive-date=31 December 2019}}</ref>

==Architecture==
[[File:Surb Karapet Monastery plan.png|thumb|Floor plan of the monastery<ref name="Hewsen"/>]]

The monastery was surrounded by strong walls{{sfn|Maranci|2002|p=123}} and was similar to a fortress. Historian [[Dickran Kouymjian]] called it "a vast walled hermitage".<ref>{{cite journal|last=Kouymjian|first=Dickran|author-link=Dickran Kouymjian|title=An Armenian Liturgical Curtain|journal=The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine|date=September–October 2014|page=12|url=http://www.clevelandart.org/sites/default/files/Sep-Oct2014_magazine_web.pdf|publisher=[[Cleveland Museum of Art]]|quote=The other, the Monastery of St. Karapet of Mush, was a vast walled hermitage that was totally destroyed along with all the residents of the area during the Armenian Genocide of 1915.}}</ref> Lynch, who visited it in 1893, described the monastery as follows: "A walled enclosure, like that of a fortress, a massive door on grating hinges—such is your first impression of this lonely fane. [...] You enter a spacious court, and face a handsome belfry and porch, the façade inlaid with slabs of white marble with [[bas-relief]]s."{{sfn|Lynch|1901|p=177}} A decade earlier, English traveler [[Henry Fanshawe Tozer]] wrote of the monastery: "The buildings ... are of stone, very massive and very irregular, rising one above another at various angles. There was hardly any pretence of architecture, and none of the picturesque appearance which is so characteristic of Greek monasteries."<ref>{{cite book|last=Tozer|first=Henry Fanshawe|author-link1=Henry Fanshawe Tozer|title=Turkish Armenia and Eastern Asia Minor|url=https://archive.org/details/turkisharmeniaa00tozegoog|date=1881|publisher=Longmans, Green & Co.|location=London|page=[https://archive.org/details/turkisharmeniaa00tozegoog/page/n191 163]}}</ref>

===Structure===
The monastery complex was composed of the main church, dedicated to the Holy Cross (Surb Khach) and four chapels to the east: Surb Astvatsatsin (Holy Mother of God), Surb Stepanos (Saint Stephen), Surb Karapet (Holy Precursor) and Surb Gevorg (Saint George). The main church was not a typical Armenian church but was a large hall and is believed to have originally functioned as a ''[[zhamatun]]'' (chamber).{{sfn|Maranci|2002|p=123}} It was built of mostly gray stones{{sfn|Avetisyan|1979|p=203}} and was supported by 16 columns.{{sfn|Maranci|2002|p=123}} The chapels of Surb Karapet and Surb Stepanos had domes, with "high cylindrical drums and conical roofs".{{sfn|Maranci|2002|pp=123–4}} The chapel of Surb Astvatsatsin was provided to [[Syriac Christianity|Syriac (Assyrian)]] monks on the feast of St. John.{{sfn|Avetisyan|1979|p=205}}

The three-storey bell tower was built in the 18th century.{{sfn|Maranci|2002|p=123}} There were also [[Monastic cell|monk cells]], a [[refectory]], accommodations for pilgrims, the 19th-century prelacy building and a monastic school.{{sfn|Maranci|2002|p=124}}

==Cultural significance==
The monastery was historically the religious center of Taron.<ref name="Kévorkian"/>{{sfn|Avetisyan|1979|p=201|ps=: "Ընդհանրապես Տարոնի աշախարհի ազգային և հոգևոր կյանքի կենտրոնը ս. Կարապետի վանքն էր։"}} From the 12th century<ref name="Kévorkian"/> until its destruction, the monastery was the seat of the diocese of Taron, which had an Armenian population of 90,000 (circa 1911).<ref>{{cite book|last=Ormanian|first=Maghakʻia|author-link=Malachia Ormanian|title=Հայոց եկեղեցին և իր պատմութիւնը, վարդապետութիւնը, վարչութիւնը, բարեկարգութիւնը, արաողութիւնը, գրականութիւն, ու ներկայ կացութիւնը [The Church of Armenia: her history, doctrine, rule, discipline, liturgy, literature, and existing condition]|date=1911|location=Constantinople|publisher=Ter-Nersesean|page=[http://greenstone.flib.sci.am/gsdl/collect/hajgirqn/book/hayoc_ekexecin_1911.pdf 262]|language=hy}} ([http://greenstone.flib.sci.am/gsdl/collect/hajgirqn/book/hayoc_ekexecin_1911.pdf PDF])</ref> It was considered the largest and most eminent shrine in [[Western Armenia|Western (Turkish) Armenia]].{{efn-ua|"Ս. Կարապետի վանքը Արևմտյան Հայաստանում համարվում էր ամենամեծ ու ամենանվիրական սրբավայրը։ Նա ոչ միայն Տարոն աշխարհի ամենանշանավոր վանքն էր, այլև ամբողջ հայությանը ծանոթ մեծագույն մենաստանը ս. Էջմիածնից հետո։ Նրա համբավն ու հռչակը դուրս էր եկել ազգային սահմաններից և դարձել նաև սրբավայր տեղացի և օտար ազգերի համար: Բացի այդ, մեր մատենագիրների մոտ կան հիշատակություններ, որ օտարազգի քրիստոնյաներ շատ հաճախ են ուխտի եկել ս. Կարապետի վանքը։"{{sfn|Avetisyan|1979|pp=202–3}}<br />"Արեւմտեան Հայաստանի մեծագոյն սրբատեղին եւ ուխտավայրն էր Ս. Կարապետը..."<ref name="Havatian"/>}} It was the second most important Armenian monastery after [[Etchmiadzin Cathedral|Etchmiadzin]].{{efn-ua|"Հայաստանի հոգևոր կենտրոնների մեջ իր դերով ու նշանակությամբ եղել է երկրորդը (Էջմիածնից հետո):"<ref name="Vardanian & Zarian"/><br />"Until the 1915 genocide the monastery dedicated to Surb Karapet in the environment of Mush, west of Lake Van in present-day Turkey, was a pilgrimage site surpassed in importance only by Etchmiadzin, the See of the Armenian Apostolic Church, and perhaps Jerusalem."{{sfn|van Lint|2005|pp=351–52}}}} It remained a prominent pilgrimage site until the First World War.<ref name="Hewsen"/> People from every corner of Armenia made pilgrimages to the monastery. They usually held festivities at the monastery's yard.<ref name="Vardzk"/> It was considered by believers to be "almighty"<ref name="Vardanian & Zarian"/> and was renowned for its perceived ability to heal the physically<ref name="Vardanian & Zarian"/> and mentally ill.<ref>{{cite journal|first1=Garnik|last1=Asatrian|authorlink1=Garnik Asatrian|first2=Victoria|last2=Arakelova|title=The Yezidi Pantheon|journal=[[Iran and the Caucasus (journal)|Iran and the Caucasus]]|volume=8|issue=5|year=2004|page=238|jstor=4030995 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4030995}}</ref>

The monastery was popularly known as ''Msho sultan Surb Karapet'' (Մշո սուլթան Սուրբ Կարապետ), literally translating to "Sultan Surb Karapet of Mush". The epithet "[[Sultan]]" was bestowed as a reference to its high status as the "lord and master" of Taron.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Zakaryan|first=Almast|title=Սարգիս Հարությունյան. Հայ առասպելաբանությունը. Բեյրութ, 2000 [Review of Sargis Harutyunyan. Armenian Mythology. Beirut, 2000]|journal=[[Patma-Banasirakan Handes]]|date=2001|issue=2|url=http://hpj.asj-oa.am/4310/|language=hy|page=297|quote=...մի այլ ավանդությամբ «Մշո սուլթան Սուրբ Կարապետ» «կայուն մակդիրով» ասել է ըմբռնվելով որպես Մուշ կամ Տարոն աշխարհի «տեր ու տիրական»:}}</ref>

{{multiple image|image1=National feast and dancers at St. Garabed.jpg|width1=225|caption1=Traditional dancing|image2=Tightropesaintgarabed.jpg|width2=228|caption2=Tightrope walking}}

The monastery housed tombs of several [[Mamikonian]] princes as it was the dynasty's sepulchral abbey.<ref name="Hewsen"/> According to Lynch, the tombs of Mushegh, Vahan the Wolf, Smbat and Vahan Kamsarakan were located near the southern wall of the monastery.{{sfn|Lynch|1901|p=179}}

===Annual events===
The monastery was a center of large annual celebrations. Various secular events took place in the surroundings, such as [[Horse racing|horse races]], [[tightrope walking]] and [[Gusans|gusan]] competitions during the festivals of [[Vardavar]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Liturgical Calendar of the Armenian Apostolic Church|url=http://www.armenianprelacy.org/2009-05-01-15-20-15/blog|publisher=Eastern Prelacy of the Armenian Apostolic Church of America|location=New York|quote=Vartavar was a traditional day of pilgrimage to churches named in honor of John the Baptist. The most popular destination was the Monastery of Sourp Garabed of Moush, whose main church was named in honor of St. John the Baptist.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Sugikyan|first=Karine|script-title=hy:Պայծառակերպություն. մարդու հոգին լուսավորող և այլակերպող տոն|url=http://www.holytrinity.am/posts/view/256|website=holytrinity.am|publisher=[[Holy Trinity Church, Yerevan]]|language=hy|date=14 July 2012|quote=Այդուհանդերձ վարդավառյան համահայկական նշանավոր ուխտավայրը` Մշո Սուրբ Կարապետն էր:|access-date=29 December 2014|archive-date=29 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141229235305/http://www.holytrinity.am/posts/view/256|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=11 bin yıldır dilek tutuyoruz|url=https://www.posta.com.tr/11-bin-yildir-dilek-tutuyoruz-73337|work=[[Posta (newspaper)|Posta]]|date=20 May 2011|language=tr|quote=Muş'daki Surp Garabed Manastırı, yıkılmadan önce, Ermenilerin, Paskalya'dan 98 gün sonra suyun kutsandığı Vartavar Bayramı'nda en çok rağbet ettiği yerlerden biriydi.|archive-url=https://archive.today/20210729031016/https://www.posta.com.tr/11-bin-yildir-dilek-tutuyoruz-73337|archive-date=29 July 2021|access-date=29 July 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> and [[Assumption of Mary]].<ref name="Vardanian & Zarian"/> Horse racing competitions were held on Vardavar and involved a large number of people.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Ordoyan|first=Grigor|title=Հնագույն մրցախաղերի կրկեսային կերպարաձևերը [Circus Forms of Ancient Contesting Games]|journal=[[Patma-Banasirakan Handes]]|date=2009|issue=1|url=http://hpj.asj-oa.am/2623/|language=hy|page=109|quote=Ձիարշավներն առավել մասսայական բնույթ էին ստանում ս. Կարապետի մոտ, նրա տոներին: Այս փաստն առանձնապես ուշագրավ է, քանի որ սուրբ Կարապետին նվիրված ժողովրդական տոնահանդեսները հնուց ի վեր աչքի են ընկել կրկեսային խաղերի բազմազանությամբ: Սուրբ Կարապետում նշանավոր ձիարշավները կազմակերպվում էին հատկապես Վարդավառին, որը հաճախ տեղի էր ունենում արգելքների հաղթահարումով, նիզակախաղով և այլն: Այս բոլորը լուրջ նախապատրաստություն էին պահանջում:}}</ref> [[Tightrope walking]] was widely practiced by the Armenians of Taron and featured prominently during feasts at the monastery..<ref>{{cite web|title=Անհապաղ պաշտպանության կարիք ունեցող ոչ նյութական մշակութային ժառանգության ցանկ [Intangible cultural heritage in need of urgent safeguarding]|url=https://www.e-gov.am/u_files/file/decrees/kar/2011/01/11_0036.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141221214353/https://www.e-gov.am/u_files/file/decrees/kar/2011/01/11_0036.pdf|archive-date=2014-12-21|publisher=e-gov.am|language=hy|date=20 January 2011|quote=Հաշվի առնելով, որ լարախաղացությունը սերտորեն առնչվում էր Մշո Սուրբ Կարապետի պաշտամունքին, այն հիմնականում տարածված էր Տարոն աշխարհում, մասնավորապես, մշեցիների շրջանում:}}</ref>

===''Ashugh'' tradition===
The monastery was a traditional pilgrimage site for Armenian ''[[ashugh]]s'' (folk musicians).<ref>{{cite book|last1=Manukyan|first1=Manuk|editor1-last=Koskoff|editor1-first=Ellen|title=The Concise Garland Encyclopedia of World Music: The Middle East, South Asia, East Asia, Southeast Asia, Volume 2|contribution=Music of Armenia: Ashugh|date=2008|publisher=Routledge|location=New York|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=73MO0eiQD_EC&pg=PA852 852]|quote=Traditionally, after a term of apprenticeship with a master, a young ''ashugh'' had to make a pilgrimage to the Sourb Karapet monastery in Moosh (now in eastern Turkey).}}</ref><ref name="Yernjakyan">{{cite web|last=Yernjakyan|first=Lilit|script-title=hy:Սայաթ-Նովան և աշուղական արվեստը|url=http://www.cultural.am/hy/postmodernic-heto/pm-2012-n1/sayat-novan-ev-ashuxakan-arvesty|website=cultural.am|language=hy|date=2012|quote=Սայաթ-Նովան նույնպես իր խաղերից մեկում նշել է, որ ինքը այցելել է Մշո սուլթան Սուրբ Կարապետի վանքը և այնտեղ ստացել է իր շնորհը: Փաստորեն այդ վայրը դարձել էր ուխտատեղի բոլոր աշուղների համար, որոնք գնում էին, քնում սրբի գերեզմանի մոտ և երազի միջոցով երաժշտաբանաստեղծական ձիրքով օժտվում, դառնում անպարտելի:|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190130192522/http://www.cultural.am/hy/postmodernic-heto/pm-2012-n1/sayat-novan-ev-ashuxakan-arvesty|archive-date=30 January 2019|access-date=21 December 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> It has been compared to [[Mount Parnassus]] in Greece, which was the home of the [[Muse]]s.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Buxton|first1=Noel|last2=Buxton|first2=Harold|last3=Raffi|first3=Aram|author-link1=Noel Noel-Buxton, 1st Baron Noel-Buxton|author-link2=Harold Buxton|title=Travel and politics in Armenia|date=1914|publisher=Smith, Elder & co.|location=London|page=[http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc2.ark:/13960/t0wq05z92;view=1up;seq=303 247]|chapter=II: Culture|quote=In order to acquire the art, anyone who aspires to become an ashough first observes a fast of seven weeks, then goes to the monastery of the Sourb Karapet, which is the Parnassus of Armenian musicians. The 'Sourb Karapet' is John the Baptist, who is the patron saint of Armenian minstrels.}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Raffi|first1=Aram|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=59g5AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA26|title=The Spirit of Armenian Poetry|journal=[[The New Armenia]]|date=February 1920|volume=12|issue=2|page=26|location=New York}}</ref> The prominent 18th-century ''ashugh'' [[Sayat-Nova]] is recorded to have made a trip to the monastery to seek [[divine grace]].<ref name="Yernjakyan"/><ref>{{cite book|editor1-last=Bardakjian|editor1-first=Kevork B.|title=A Reference Guide to Modern Armenian Literature, 1500–1920: With an Introductory History|contribution=Sayeat'-Nōvay|date=2000|publisher=Wayne State University Press|location=Detroit|isbn=978-0814327470|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=bR7hMqV3Ij0C&pg=PA491 491]|quote=He was initiated into a minstrelsy in the tradition of Armenian ''ašułs'': by seeking divine grace at the monastery of Surb Karapet in Muš.}}</ref>

==Cultural references==
Numerous songs were dedicated to the monastery.<ref>{{cite web|first=L.|last=Sargsyan|title=Ուխտ [Religious vows]|url=http://www.armenianreligion.am/am/Encyclopedia_ukht|website="Christian Armenia" Encyclopedia|pages=1031–1032|language=hy|date=2002|quote=Հատկապես նշանավոր են «մուրազատու» «Մշո սուլթան» Ս. Կարապետ վանքին նվիրված երգերը, որոնք կոչվում են նաև «Ս. Կարապետի երգեր»: |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141222001005/http://www.armenianreligion.am/am/Encyclopedia_ukht |archive-date=22 December 2014}}</ref>

In the 1866 novel ''[[Salpi (Raffi novel)|Salbi]]'' (Սալբի) [[Raffi (novelist)|Raffi]] mentions the monastery and describes its perceived almightiness.<ref>{{cite book|author=Raffi|title=Սալբի [Salbi]|language=hy|year=1866|quote=Մենք միտք չունինք գրելու վանքերի հրաշագործությունների մասին, միայն չէր կարելի մի քանի խոսք չասել Մշու դաշտի մեջ գտնված Գլակա սուրբ Կարապետի վանքի մասին: Յուր հրաշագործ զորություններով՝ հայոց մեջ մեծ համարում ունի այդ վանքը: Հայոց երգիչ «աշղները» ռամկաբանորեն կոչում են այդ վանքը Մուրատատու Ջանգլի սուլթան սուրբ Կարապետ: Առաջին ածականը բարդված է թուրքերեն և հայերեն երկու բառից. «մուրատատու» նշանակում է շնորհաբաշխ կամ փափագակատար: Բայց չգիտենք ի՞նչ հարմարություն ուներ սուրբ Կարապետին տալ երկրորդ ածականը — «Ջանգլի սուլթան», այսինքն պատերազմող թագավոր:}}</ref>

[[Hovhannes Tumanyan]] describes the monastery in the 1890 poem "The morning of Taron" (Տարոնի առավոտը) as "magnificently ornamented".<ref>{{cite news|last=Tumanyan|first=Hovhannes|author-link=Hovhannes Tumanyan|title=[[:hy:s:Տարոնի առավոտը|Տարոնի առավոտը (The morning of Taron)]]|language=hy|date=1890}} Reproduced in {{cite book|title=Հովհաննես Թումանյան Երկերի Լիակատար Ժողովածու. Հատոր Առաջին՝ Բանաստեղծություններ [Anthology of Hovhannes Tumanyan Volume 1: Poems]|date=1988|publisher=[[Armenian National Academy of Sciences]]|location=Yerevan|page=[https://hy.wikisource.org/wiki/%D4%B7%D5%BB:%D4%B9%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D4%B5%D4%BC%D4%BA_%D5%B01.djvu/76 74]|language=hy|quote=Հանգիստ կացի՛ր, բարեպաշտ մարդ, / Այն խաչը չէ քո պաշտելի / Սուրբ Կարապետ շքեղազարդ / Հայոց վանքի գմբեթի։}}</ref>

The [[:File:Jerusalem Church of Holy Sepulchre 33.jpg|floor mosaic]], created by the 20th-century Israeli artist [[Hava Yofe]], inside the [[Chapel of Saint Helena, Jerusalem|Chapel of Saint Helena]] at Jerusalem's [[Church of the Holy Sepulchre]] depicts the monastery along with other major Armenian sites.<ref>{{cite book|last=Goldhill|first=Simon|author-link=Simon Goldhill|title=Jerusalem, City of Longing|year=2009|page=36|publisher=Harvard University Press |isbn=9780674034686|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PoLEULaZHzAC&pg=PA36}}</ref>

In the 7,000-line-long poem "Ever-Tolling Bell Tower" («Անլռելի զանգակատուն») [[Paruyr Sevak]] mentions the monastery and its well-known bells.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Sevak |first1=Paruyr |author-link1=Paruyr Sevak |script-title=hy:Անլռելի զանգակատուն |contribution=Ղողանջ հերոսական |date=1959 |publisher=Haypethrat |location=Yerevan |url=http://sevak.am/lpoem/zangakatun/%D5%82%D5%88%D5%82%D4%B1%D5%86%D5%8B-%D5%80%D4%B5%D5%90%D5%88%D5%8D%D4%B1%D4%BF%D4%B1%D5%86 |language=hy |quote=«Սուրբ Կարապետ»-ի զանգը զիլ զանգեց, Ամեն մի զանգը՝ մի-մի... յո՜թ հոլով. |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161117123552/http://sevak.am/lpoem/zangakatun/%D5%82%D5%88%D5%82%D4%B1%D5%86%D5%8B-%D5%80%D4%B5%D5%90%D5%88%D5%8D%D4%B1%D4%BF%D4%B1%D5%86 |archive-date=2016-11-17 }}</ref> The poem, published in 1959, is dedicated to [[Komitas]], who was among those [[Deportation of Armenian intellectuals on 24 April 1915|intellectuals who were deported on April 24, 1915]] during the genocide. It is recognized as "one of the most powerful literary responses to the Armenian Genocide."<ref name="Peroomian">{{cite book|last=Peroomian|first=Rubina|editor-last=Hovannisian|editor-first=Richard G.|editor-link=Richard G. Hovannisian|title=The Armenian Genocide: Cultural and Ethical Legacies|contribution=Historical Memory: Threading the Contemporary Literature of Armenia|date=2007|publisher=Transaction Publishers|isbn=978-1412806190|page=106}}</ref>

In the historical novel ''The Call of Plowmen'' («Ռանչպարների կանչը», published in 1979), [[Khachik Dashtents]] describes a winter scene at the monastery.<ref>{{cite book|last=Dashtents|first=Khachik|author-link=Khachik Dashtents|script-title=hy:Ռանչպարների կանչը|trans-title=Call of Plowmen|url=http://armenianhouse.org/dashtents/novels-am/ploughmen/chapter17.html|year=1979|publisher=Sovetakan grogh|location=Yerevan|chapter=Հեսու վարդապետի մոտ [With Hesu vardapet]|language=hy|quote=Շատ գեղեցիկ ճանապարհներ ունի ս. Կարապետի վանքը, բարձր ու ոլորիկ անցուղիներ։ Առատ ձյունը խոր շերտով նստել էր այդ բլրի վրա։ Ձյունով էին ծածկված վանքի բոլոր սարերը իրենց դրախտային անտառներով։}}</ref>

In October 2010, during the discussion of a bill in the [[National Assembly (Armenia)|Armenian Parliament]] that would formally recognize the [[Nagorno-Karabakh Republic]] (Artsakh), opposition MP [[Raffi Hovannisian]] ended his speech saying "Let us be guided by Msho Sultan Surb Karapet".<ref>{{cite news|title=Raffi Hovannesian – We Will Wait Till December 9 for Artsakh Vote|url=http://hetq.am/eng/news/48257/raffi-hovannesian---we-will-wait-till-december-9-for-artsakh-vote.html|work=[[Hetq Online]]|date=29 October 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141229211408/http://hetq.am/eng/news/48257/raffi-hovannesian---we-will-wait-till-december-9-for-artsakh-vote.html|archive-date=29 December 2014|quote=He finished his remarks by envoking the name of one of western Armenia's most famous monasteries – Until September 9, Let us be guided by 'Msho Sultan Sourb Karapet'.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Հայաստանի Հանրապետության Ազգային Ժողով Չորրորդ Գումարման Ութերորդ Նստաշրջան Սղագրություն – N 41|url=http://www.parliament.am/transcript.php?lang=arm&month=10&year=2010|website=parliament.am|publisher=[[National Assembly (Armenia)|National Assembly of Armenia]]|language=hy|date=28 October 2010|archive-url=https://archive.today/20141221223319/http://www.parliament.am/transcript.php?lang=arm&month=10&year=2010|archive-date=21 December 2014|access-date=21 December 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Arakelots Monastery]], another prominent monastery in Taron
* [[Armenian cultural heritage in Turkey]]

==References==
'''Notes'''
{{notelist-ua|2}}

'''References '''
{{Reflist|30em|refs=
<ref name="Vardanian & Zarian">{{cite book|first1=V.|last1=Vardanian|first2=A.|last2=Zarian|contribution=Մշո Ս. Կարապետ վանք [S. Karapet monastery of Mush]|title=Soviet Armenian Encyclopedia Volume 7|publisher=[[Armenian Encyclopedia Publishing]]|year=1981|language=hy|location=Yerevan|page=[http://i.imgur.com/8D8XQqX.jpg 660]}}</ref>

<ref name="Hewsen">{{cite book|last=Hewsen|first=Robert H.|author-link=Robert H. Hewsen|title=Armenia: A Historical Atlas|contribution=Mush and Its Plain|publisher=University of Chicago Press|location=Chicago|year=2001|isbn=0-226-33228-4|page=206}}</ref>

<ref name="Hacikyan">{{cite book|last1=Hacikyan|first1=Agop Jack|author-link1=Agop Jack Hacikyan|last2=Basmajian|first2=Gabriel|last3=Franchuk|first3=Edward S.|last4=Ouzounian|first4=Nourhan|contribution=Zenob Glak|title=The Heritage of Armenian Literature: From the sixth to the eighteenth century|year=2002|publisher=Wayne State University Press|location=Detroit|isbn=9780814330234|pages=100–101}}</ref>

<ref name="Vardzk">{{cite journal|title=Issue dedicated to the memory of architecture historian Armen Hakhnazarian |journal=Vardzk |date=January–June 2010 |issue=1 |url=http://www.raa-am.com/vardsk/VARDZQ-1_E.pdf |publisher=[[Research on Armenian Architecture]] |pages=29–30 |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140926013640/http://www.raa-am.com/vardsk/VARDZQ-1_E.pdf |archive-date=September 26, 2014 }}</ref>

<ref name="Kévorkian">{{cite book|last=Kévorkian|first=Raymond H.|title=The Armenian Genocide: A Complete History|url=https://archive.org/details/armeniangenocide00kvor|url-access=limited|year=2011|publisher=I. B. Tauris|location=London|isbn=9781848855618|author-link=Raymond Kévorkian|page=[https://archive.org/details/armeniangenocide00kvor/page/n521 514]|quote=...the famous monastery of St. Garabed, the region's most important spiritual and educational center and also the seat of the diocese's archbishop since the twelfth century.}}</ref>

<ref name="Adalian">{{cite book|last=Adalian|first=Rouben Paul|title=Historical Dictionary of Armenia|year=2010|publisher=Scarecrow Press|location=Lanham, Maryland|isbn=978-0-8108-7450-3|author-link=Rouben Paul Adalian|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=QS-vSjHObOYC&dq=armenian+monastery+of+surb+karapet+saint+john+the+baptist&pg=PA94 94]|quote=The oldest pilgrimage site in Armenia, the monastery of Surb Karapet, St. John the Baptist, in Moush, the starting locus of Armenian Christianity, where a large cathedral stood, is entirely gone.}}</ref>

<ref name="encyclopedia.am chavush">{{cite web|title=Գևորգ Չավուշ [Gevorg Chavush]|url=http://www.encyclopedia.am/pages.php?bId=2&hId=1050|website=encyclopedia.am|publisher=[[Armenian Encyclopedia Publishing]]|language=hy|quote=Գևորգ Չավուշը (իսկական ազգանունը՝ Ղազարյան) 1886–88 թթ-ին սովորել է Մշո Սբ Կարապետ վանքի դպրոցում, որը նրա ուսուցիչ Հովհաննես վարդապետ Մուրադյանի ջանքերով վերածվել էր ազատագրական գաղափարների տարածման կենտրոնի: |archive-url=https://archive.today/20141221223310/http://www.encyclopedia.am/pages.php?bId=2&hId=1050 |archive-date=21 December 2014}}</ref>

<ref name="Havatian">{{cite news|last=Havatian|first=Yesayi|script-title=hy:Ուխտագնացի Նօթեր (Ե.) Հողին Ուժը|url=http://www.aztagdaily.com/archives/100077|work=[[Aztag (daily)|Aztag]]|date=20 November 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141224230505/http://www.aztagdaily.com/archives/100077|archive-date=24 December 2014|language=hy}}</ref>

<ref name="Mildanoğlu">{{cite news|last=Mildanoğlu|first=Zakarya|title=Manastır taşlarıyla örmüşler Muş'u dört baştan|url=http://www.agos.com.tr/tr/yazi/5928/manastir-taslariyla-ormusler-musu-dort-bastan|work=[[Agos]]|date=1 November 2013|language=tr|quote=Bugün bu görkemli manastırdan sadece bir iki duvar kalmış. Eşsiz zenginlikteki taş işçiliği örnekleri ise Çengilli köyü camisi dahil pek çok binanın duvarlarında yer alıyor. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200117142935/http://www.agos.com.tr/tr/yazi/5928/manastir-taslariyla-ormusler-musu-dort-bastan |archive-date=17 January 2020}}</ref>

<ref name="muskulturturizm">{{cite web|title=Kilise ve Manastır [Church and monastery] |url=http://www.muskulturturizm.gov.tr/TR,56145/kilise-ve-manastir.html |publisher=Muş Province Culture and Tourism Directorate |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140923024422/http://www.muskulturturizm.gov.tr/TR%2C56145/kilise-ve-manastir.html |archive-date=23 September 2014 |language=tr |url-status=dead }}</ref>

<ref name="Terian">{{cite web|last=Terian|first=Abraham|title=An Overview of Early Armenian Monasticism|url=http://fmwww.bc.edu/SL-R/Bossey/%255BBosseyFrodo%255D/Terian.doc|website=[[Boston College|bc.edu]]|publisher=St. Nersess Armenian Seminary|quote=The famous church and monastery of Surb Karapet, near Mush, traced its history to the martyrion built by St. Gregory over the relics of St. John the Baptist. In time, a cluster of chapels grew within the compound, with numerous graves of past bishops in them. Like other important sites in Tarôn, the place was a site for year-round pilgrimage, but especially on the feast-day of the Forerunner, John the Baptist, Surb Karapet. The nine springs that surrounded the site added to its monastic attraction. |archive-url=https://archive.today/20141229223806/http://fmwww.bc.edu/SL-R/Bossey/%5BBosseyFrodo%5D/Terian.doc |archive-date=29 December 2014}}</ref>

<ref name="agos2016">{{cite news |title='Valilik, Surp Garabet Manastırı'nı keyfi olarak tahliye etmiyor' ['Governorship does not arbitrarily evacuate Surp Garabet Monastery'] |url=http://www.agos.com.tr/tr/yazi/14602/valilik-surp-garabet-manastirini-keyfi-olarak-tahliye-etmiyor |work=[[Agos]] |date=7 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220303200913/http://www.agos.com.tr/tr/yazi/14602/valilik-surp-garabet-manastirini-keyfi-olarak-tahliye-etmiyor |archive-date=3 March 2022 |language=tr}}</ref>


}}

==Bibliography==
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*{{cite book|first=Kamsar|last=Avetisyan|author-link=:hy:Կամսար Ավետիսյան|title=Հայրենագիտական էտյուդներ [Armenian studies sketches]|publisher=Sovetakan Grogh|location=Yerevan|language=hy|year=1979|contribution=Տարոնի պատմական հուշարձանները [Historical monuments of Taron]|url=http://armenianhouse.org/avetisyan/taron.html}}
*{{cite journal|last=Costandian|first=E. A.|title=Տարոնի հոգևոր առաջնորդը [Spiritual leader and eparchial chief of Taron]|journal=[[Lraber Hasarakakan Gitutyunneri]]|date=1999|issue=1|url=http://lraber.asj-oa.am/1937/|language=hy|pages=66–76}}
*{{cite journal|last=Ghrejyan|first=Lousine|title=Երկվորյակների առասպելի ելակետային արժեքը հայ վիպական հուշարձանների հորինվածքում [Initial Significance of the Myth of Twins in the Composition of Armenian Epic Monuments]|journal=[[Patma-Banasirakan Handes]]|date=2010|issue=2|url=https://arar.sci.am/dlibra/publication/193370/edition/175707/content |language=hy|pages=178–192|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220807170931/https://arar.sci.am/dlibra/publication/193370/edition/175707/content |archive-date=2022-08-07 }}
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*{{cite book|first=H. F. B.|last=Lynch|author-link=H. F. B. Lynch|title=Armenia: Travels and Studies II: The Turkish Provinces|chapter=From Mush to Erzerum|year=1901|publisher=Longmans, Green, and Co.|pages=[https://archive.org/stream/armeniatravelsst02lync#page/174/mode/2up 174-197]}}
*{{cite book|author-link=John Mamikonean |first=John |last=Mamikonean |title=History of Taron |url=http://rbedrosian.com/jm1.htm |year=1985 |location=New York |publisher=Sources of the Armenian Tradition |others=Robert Bedrosian (translator) |oclc=13360516 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051215032646/http://rbedrosian.com/jm1.htm |archive-date=2005-12-15 }}
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*{{cite book|first=Thomas A.|last=Sinclair|contribution=Surb Karapet (Turk. "Çengilli Kilise"), Monastery, ruined.|title=Eastern Turkey: An Architectural & Archaeological Survey, Volume I|pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=EK1EBAAAQBAJ&dq=t.+a.+sinclair+surb+karapet+turk+kilise&pg=PA292 292]-[http://s17.postimg.org/o69c6v5rz/p293.png 293]|publisher=Pindar Press|location=London|year=1989|isbn=9781904597704}}
*{{cite book|last=van Lint|first=Theo M.|title=Redefining Christian Identity: Cultural Interaction in the Middle East Since the Rise of Islam|contribution=The Gift of Poetry: Khidr and John the Baptist as Patron Saints of Muslim and Armenian Āšiqs – Ašułs|date=2005|publisher=Peeters Publishers|isbn=90-429-1418-1|pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=u1nM57HD6joC&dq=Surb+Karapet&pg=PA354 335–378]}}
{{refend}}

== External links ==
{{commons category|Saint Karapet Monastery|<br/>Saint Karapet Monastery}}
*{{cite journal|title=The condition of Armenian monuments in Western Armenia since 1915 |journal=Vardzk |date=July–November 2010 |issue=2 |pages=20–25 |url=http://raa.am/vardsk-2/VARDZQ-2.pdf |publisher=[[Research on Armenian Architecture]] |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140922175612/http://raa.am/vardsk-2/VARDZQ-2.pdf |archive-date=September 22, 2014 }}
* [http://westernarmenia.net/index.files/Surp_Garabet_armenian_monastery.htm Монастырь Сурб Карапет близ Муша.] {{in lang|ru}} (includes historical and recent photos)

{{Good article}}
{{Armenian Churches|state=expanded}}

[[Category:1915 disestablishments in the Ottoman Empire]]
[[Category:Destroyed Armenian monasteries in Turkey]]
[[Category:Christian monasteries established in the 4th century]]
[[Category:Christian monasteries disestablished in the 20th century]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures destroyed in 1915]]
[[Category:4th-century churches]]
[[Category:1910s fires in Asia]]
[[Category:1915 disasters in Asia]]
[[Category:1915 fires]]
[[Category:John the Baptist]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Muş Province]]
[[Category:World War I sites in Turkey]]
[[Category:Armenian genocide]]
[[Category:Churches destroyed by arson]]