Sverre Petterssen
Sverre Petterssen | |
|---|---|
 Sverre Petterssen in Norwegian uniform | |
| Born | 19 February 1898 |
| Died | 31 December 1974 (aged 76) |
| Nationality | Norwegian |
| Citizenship | United States |
| Alma mater | Bergen School of Meteorology |
| Known for | D-Day weather forecast |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Mathematics and Meteorology |
| Institutions | MIT |
| Doctoral students | James Murdoch Austin |
Sverre Petterssen (19 February 1898 – 31 December 1974) was a Norwegian meteorologist, prominent in the field of weather analysis and forecasting, and an international leader in meteorology.
Early life
Born in Norway into a humble family, he paid for his higher education by working at the telegraph office, and a nursery provided by the armed forces that he joined as a recruit. He studied in Bergen where he met Tor Bergeron during a lecture, and was so impressed by his analysis of a 1922 storm that he joined the Bergen School of Meteorology in 1923. In the late 1920s he worked at the Geophysical Institute in Tromsø, northern Norway.
Career
After school, he remained a weather officer in the Norwegian Air Force until 1939. He went to the US in 1935, lecturing on Norwegian meteorological theories to the US Navy and Caltech. In 1939, he was hired by MIT as head of the meteorology department, and wrote two important books there: Weather analysis and forecasting (1940) and Introduction to Meteorology (1941).
With the invasion of Norway, Petterssen returned to Europe and offered his services in England to the Met Office, on loan from the Norwegian Air Force. During World War II, he served as a weather forecaster for bombing raids and special operations.
He is most remembered for his work in what has been called the most significant weather forecast in history, the D-Day Forecast, where he contributed significantly to the postponement of D-day by one day. Three groups of meteorologists gave advice to General Dwight Eisenhower, and D-Day was originally planned for June 5, 1944. The forecast provided by Sverre Petterssen and the other meteorologists caused Eisenhower to decide at 0430 on 4 June to postpone D-day to June 6. Initially it was proposed to postpone the operation to June 19, but fortunately all three teams predicted a break in the weather on June 6.
On June 19 the worst storm to date in the century struck the English channel. If D-Day had been launched on June 5 as originally planned, the Allied casualties would probably have been much higher, and even higher if launched on June 19. On June 17 all the teams predicted perfect weather conditions for June 19, but D-day was over.
Awards
- 1965 Awarded the prestigious International Meteorological Organization Prize from the World Meteorological Organization.[1]
- 1969 Symons Gold Medal of the Royal Meteorological Society
See also
References
- ^ "Winners of the IMO Prize". World Meteorological Organization. Retrieved 8 December 2015.
