Symphony No. 5 (Raff)
Symphony No. 5 in E major Lenore, Op. 177, was composed by Joachim Raff between 1870 and 1872. It is generally regarded as his best symphony and the most frequently performed and recorded today.[1] It was inspired by Gottfried August Bürger's ballad Lenore, set during the Thirty Years' War.
The symphony came during a time of great success for Raff. He already achieved fame with his Third and Fourth symphonies, as well as the opera Dame Kobold, so the orchestras were eager to perform it. The premiere took place in December 1872 at a private performance in Sonderhausen in front of an audience of 20.[1] The first public performance took place in Berlin the following year and it was very well received. The work was performed in other places in Germany, as well as England and America. Ebenezer Prout reported that at the English premiere "those who were present will remember the sensation created by its performance".[1]
Raff described the symphony's programme: "The happiness of two lovers is interrupted by war. The time has come when he must go forth with his fellow soldiers and she remain behind alone. In this solitude evil forebodings take possession of her; she falls into a fever, in which her hallucinations prepare, in reality, only for her own death".[1]
Instrumentation
The symphony is scored for piccolo, 2 flutes, 2 oboes, 2 clarinets, 2 bassoons, 4 horns, 2 trumpets, 3 trombones, timpani, snare drum, triangle and strings.
Structure
Just like his Third symphony, the work is structured in three parts and four movements:
- Part I: Love's Happiness
- Allegro (E major)
- Andante quasi larghetto (A-flat major)
- Part II: Parting
- Marsch Tempo. Agitato (C major)
- Part III: Reunited in Death
- Allegro (E minor - E major)