Telesarchus of Samos
In The Histories of Herodotus, Telesarchus (Template:Lang-el, Telesarkhos) is a 6th-century BC aristocrat who plays a role in the political upheavals of Samos during its conquest by Darius and the Persians.
A story of power struggles
After the tyrant Polycrates was killed following talks with the Persians, his secretary Maeandrius seizes power over Samos but attempts to restore a democratic form of government (ἰσονομίη, "rule of equals"). Telesarchus, representing the aristocratic faction, asserts that Maeandrius is "not fit to rule" and accuses him of fiscal impropriety. To silence his criticism, Maeandrius arrests him. Nothing further is heard from Telesarchus, but the confrontation causes Maeandrius to become aware of and fear an opposition movement. He arrests a number of aristocrats on suspicion, abandons his efforts toward democratic reform, and resolves to hold power as a tyrant: "Telesarchus' contemptuous refusal of democracy thus produces exactly what it endeavours to prevent: the rule of Maeandrius."[1]
The opinion that Telesarchus has of Maeandrius may be unwarranted; Herodotus says that Maeandrius's intention was "to become the most righteous of men," and Telesarchus's characterization of him as a scoundrel (ὄλεθρος, 3.142.5) is contradicted by his actions up to that point.[2] At the same time, neither man has a clear view of what the political situation requires in the face of the Persian threat. Maeandrius appears to be more interested in asserting himself as the liberator of Samos than in actually securing liberty. In its examination of the complex dynamics and psychology of power, the account in Herodotus can be read as "one of his many political essays."[3]
The story is replete with political irony. Despite Maeandrius's efforts to impose order, the political dispute leaves the Samians too disorganized to resist the Persians. When the Samian aristocrats oppose Maeandrius and his offer to become their liberator, they are arrested and subsequently killed; Herodotus remarks dryly that "apparently they did not want to be free." The Persians who conquer the island are led by Otanes, a champion of democracy, who nevertheless places Samos under the tyrannical rule of Syloson, brother of Polycrates and a traitor to his fellow Samians. It is possible that Telesarchus is a composite created by Herodotus to represent a point of view; his name can be translated as "End-Rule."[4]
A political fable
Marcel Detienne, a specialist in the anthropological approach to Greek culture, writing with Jesper Svenbro, uses the story of Maeandrius and Telesarchus in conjunction with Aesopic fable to explore the theme of "the wolf longing for the city," summarizing the account in Herodotus as:
The industrious private citizen, shaking his mane, denounces the fine legislator who grants himself privileges while announcing the happy arrival of the equal distribution of goods.[5]
In his opposition, Telesarchus seems to recognize the paradox of "wolf turned lawgiver," the appropriation of power through appearing to offer its redistribution, but his aristocratic status causes him to attack Maeandrius on the basis of his inferior birth.[6]
Notes
- ^ J.E. van der Veen, “ 'A Minute's Mirth' … : Syloson and His Cloak in Herodotus,” Mnemosyme 48 (1995), p. 133 et passim.
- ^ J.E. van der Veen, in “ 'A Minute's Mirth',” Mnemosyme 48 (1995) 129–145, views Maeandrius as the more positive figure of the two. So too Leslie Kurke, Coins, Bodies, Games, and Gold: The Politics of Meaning in Archaic Greece (Princeton University Press, 1999), pp. 124ff online.
- ^ James F. McGlew, Tyranny and Political Culture in Ancient Greece (Cornell University Press, 1996), pp. 124–131 limited preview online.
- ^ Stewart Fry, The Archaic Smile of Herodotus (Wayne State University Press, 1987), p. 145 online.
- ^ Marcel Detienne and Jesper Svenbro, “The Feast of the Wolves, or the Impossible City,” in The Cuisine of Sacrifice among the Greeks, translated by Paula Wissing (University of Chicago Press, 1989), pp. 151–152 online.
- ^ Elizabeth Irwin, Solon and Early Greek Poetry: The Politics of Exhortation (Cambridge University Press, 2005), p. 257 online.
Sources
- Herodotus, Histories 3.142–143; for translation by Robin Waterfield, see Herodotus: The Histories (Oxford University Press, 1998), pp. 228–229 online.
Further reading
- J. Roisman, “Maeandrius of Samos,” Historia 34 (1985) 257–277.