Thomas Baker (missionary)
Thomas Baker | |
|---|---|
.png) Thomas Baker around 1860 | |
| Born | 6 February 1832 |
| Died | 21 July 1867 (aged 35) |
| Nationality | British |
Thomas Baker (6 February 1832 – 21 July 1867) was a Methodist missionary in Fiji, known as being the only missionary in the archipelago to be killed and eaten, along with seven of his Fijian followers. The incident occurred in the Navosa Highlands of western Viti Levu in July 1867, and the rock used to kill Baker is still displayed in the village of Nabutatau. The soles of his leather sandals, which were also cooked by the cannibal tribe, are preserved at the Fiji Museum in Suva. Records show that Baker was killed and eaten as a result of him touching a chief's head, which is considered disrespectful in Fijian culture.
Final mission
[edit]In July 1867, Baker led a party into the interior of Viti Levu, passing through the Taukei ni Waluvu's Christian enclave on the East bank of the Wainimala River. When Baker met a local chief of Navatusila, Baker presented a British comb as a gift and attempted to persuade him to convert to Christianity.[1] When the chief refused, Baker decided to take his comb back, touching the chief's head as he did so, which was taken as a threat and offense in Fijian customs. In pursuing revenge, a chief of Naitasiri,[2] gave a tabua (whale tooth) to the clan to seal the plot to kill the party, and for the body of Thomas Baker to be cannibalised and distributed in the old traditional village of Nabialevu (Nadrau).[3]
Baker was killed along with seven Fijian Christian workers. The Fijians who were cannibalized with Baker were: Setareki Seileka, Sisa Tuilekutu, Navitalai Torau, Nemani Raqio, Taniela Batirerega, Josefata Tabuakarawa, and Setareki Nadu. Two other men, Aisea and Josefa Nagata, escaped the massacre. After Baker's death, the Davuilevu mission was temporarily closed in 1868.[4]
In 2003, Baker's relatives visited the village for a traditional matanigasau reconciliation ceremony. This was offered in apology for the killing by descendants of Baker's slayers.[5][6]
Legacy
[edit]The story of Baker's death is the basis for Jack London's short story "The Whale Tooth".[7][8]
In 1983, the American malacologist Alan Solem named the genus Vatusila "after the Fijian tribe (located at the headwaters of the Sigatoka River) that killed and ate Rev. Thomas Baker, a Wesleyan missionary, on July 21, 1867."[9]
References
[edit]- ^ A.B. Brewster, The Hill Tribes of Fiji. Lippincott, Philadelphia, 1922, p. 30
- ^ Kim Gravelle, Fiji's Heritage: A History of Fiji. Tiara Enterprises, Nadi, Fiji, 2000 (first published 1979). p. 103
- ^ Elimeleki Susu, The history of Methodist Theological education in Fiji until 1973. Pacific Theological College, Suva, Fiji, 2009.
- ^ Thornley, Andrew; Exodus of the i Taukei, the Wesleyan Church in Fiji 1848-74; Institute of the Pacific Studies, University of the South Pacific; 2001
- ^ Eaten missionary's family get apology. BBC, 13 November 2003.
- ^ Nick Squires (16 August 2007). "Cannibal tribe apologises for eating Methodists". The Daily Telegraph.
- ^ David Stanley (2007-08-28). Moon Fiji. Avalon Travel. p. 169. ISBN 978-1-56691-982-1.
- ^ Riedl, Gary; Tietze, Thomas R., eds. (2006). "An Introduction to 'The Whale Tooth'". Jack London's Tales of Cannibals and Headhunters. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. pp. 89–91. ISBN 978-0-8263-3791-7.
- ^ Solem, Alan (1983). Endodontoid Land Snails from Pacific Islands (Mollusca: Pulmonata: Sigmurethra). Part II: Families Punctidae and Charopidae, Zoogeography. Chicago: Field Museum of Natural History. p. 192. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.2553.
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