Tulu Nadu: Difference between revisions
Content deleted Content added
←Replaced content with 'It doesnt exist' |
|||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
It doesnt exist |
|||
{{Unreferenced|date=March 2007}} |
|||
{{Infobox Indian Jurisdiction |
|||
|type = region |
|||
|native_name = Tulu Nadu |
|||
|other_name = |
|||
|nickname = |
|||
|iucn_category = <!-- for protected areas only --> |
|||
|state_name = Karnataka |
|||
|metro = <!-- for neighbourhoods/suburbs only --> |
|||
|skyline = Karnataka TuluNadu.png |
|||
|skyline_caption = Tulu Nadu with respect to rest of [[Karnataka]] |
|||
|latd = |latm = |lats = |
|||
|longd=7|longm= |longs= |
|||
|base_map = <!-- only if default map not wanted --> |
|||
|locator_position = <!-- left/right --> |
|||
|base_map_label = <!-- yes/no --> |
|||
|inset_map_marker = <!-- yes/no --> |
|||
|map_caption = |
|||
|area_total = 8441 |
|||
|area_magnitude = |
|||
|area_rank = |
|||
|area_total_cite = <ref name="areasc">{{cite web |url=http://www.kar.nic.in/zpdk/tourism.htm |title=Tourism in DK District |publisher=National Informatics Centre, Karnataka State Unit |accessdate=2008-03-26}}</ref><ref name=''areaud''>{{cite web |url=http://tourism-of-india.com/karnataka-tour/udupi-tour.html |title=Tour to Udupi |publisher=Tourism of India |accessdate=2008-03-26}}</ref> |
|||
|area_metro = |
|||
|area_metro_cite = |
|||
|altitude = |
|||
|altitude_cite = |
|||
|coastline = |
|||
|climate = |
|||
|precip = |
|||
|temp_annual = |
|||
|temp_winter = |
|||
|temp_summer = |
|||
|destinatione_1 = |
|||
|direction_1 = |
|||
|distance_1 = |
|||
|mode_1 = |
|||
|destinatione_2 = |
|||
|direction_2 = |
|||
|distance_2 = |
|||
|mode_2 = |
|||
|destinatione_3 = |
|||
|direction_3 = |
|||
|distance_3 = |
|||
|mode_3 = |
|||
|capital = <!-- for states/territories/regions only --> |
|||
|hq = <!-- for districts only --> |
|||
|largest_city = [[Mangalore]] |
|||
|largest_metro = |
|||
|nearest_city = |
|||
|region = |
|||
|division = |
|||
|district = [[Dakshina Kannada]] and [[Udupi district|Udupi]] |
|||
|districts = 2 |
|||
|taluk_names = |
|||
|population_total = 3,005,897 |
|||
|population_rank = |
|||
|population_as_of = 2001 |
|||
|population_total_cite = <ref name="poptn">{{cite web |url=http://www.censusindiamaps.net/page/India_WhizMap/IndiaMap.htm |title=Census GIS India |publisher=Census of India |accessdate=2008-03-26}}</ref> |
|||
|population_density = 356.1 |
|||
|population_density_cite = |
|||
|population_metro = |
|||
|population_metro_rank = |
|||
|population_metro_as_of = |
|||
|population_metro_cite = |
|||
|sex_ratio = |
|||
|literacy = |
|||
|literacy_male = |
|||
|literacy_female = |
|||
|official_languages = [[Tulu language|Tulu]] |
|||
|leader_title_1 = |
|||
|leader_name_1 = |
|||
|leader_title_2 = |
|||
|leader_name_2 = |
|||
|leader_title_3 = |
|||
|leader_name_3 = |
|||
|established_title = |
|||
|established_date = |
|||
|legislature_type = |
|||
|legislature_strength = |
|||
|parliament_const = |
|||
|assembly_const = |
|||
|planning_agency = |
|||
|civic_agency = |
|||
|corp_zone = |
|||
|corp_ward = |
|||
|jurisdiction_title_1 = |
|||
|jurisdiction_name_1 = |
|||
|jurisdiction_title_2 = |
|||
|jurisdiction_name_2 = |
|||
|jurisdiction_title_3 = |
|||
|jurisdiction_name_3 = |
|||
|blank_title_1 = |
|||
|blank_value_1 = |
|||
|blank_title_2 = |
|||
|blank_value_2 = |
|||
|abbreviation = <!-- ISO 3166-2 --> |
|||
|area_telephone = |
|||
|postal_code = |
|||
|unlocode = |
|||
|vehicle_code_range = KA 19, KA 20, KA 21 |
|||
|website = |
|||
|website_caption = |
|||
|portal = |
|||
|footnotes = |
|||
|seal = |
|||
|seal_size = |
|||
|seal_caption = |
|||
|coord_title = <!-- yes/no --> |
|||
|autocat = <!-- yes/no --> |
|||
}} |
|||
'''Tulu Nadu''' ([[Tulu language|Tulu]]: ತುಳುನಾಡ್) is a region on the south-western coast of [[Karnataka]], [[India]]. It consists of the [[Dakshina Kannada]] and [[Udupi District|Udupi]] [[Districts of Karnataka|districts]]. The northern part of [[Kasaragod]] in [[Kerala]] was also traditionally a part of Tulu Nadu according to some [[Malayalam]] works. |
|||
Tulu Nadu is bordered by the [[Arabian Sea]] to the west, [[Uttara Kannada]] to the north, [[Shivamogga district|Shivamogga]] to the north-east, [[Chikkamagaluru district|Chikkamagaluru]] to the east, [[Kodagu]] and [[Hassan district|Hassan]] to the south-east and [[Kerala]] to the south. [[Tulu language|Tulu]] is the principal language in the region, but other languages like [[Konkani language|Konkani]], [[Kannada language|Kannada]] and [[Beary bashe|Beary]] are also widely spoken. Tulu Nadu spans an area of {{convert|8441|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}}, roughly 4.4% of the total geographical area of [[Karnataka]]. The population of this region was 3,005,897 in [[2001]]<ref name="poptn"/>. [[Mangalore]] and [[Udupi]] are the chief cities in Tulu Nadu. |
|||
==History== |
|||
{{main|History of Tulu Nadu}} |
|||
Historically, Tulu Nadu included the two separate lands of ''Haiva'' and ''Tuluva''. The Ballal Kings of Sullia had ruled this area around 1100 years back. The Bunt/ Nair, Brahmin migration to Tulunadu might have happened during the lifetime of the Kadamba king [[Mayuravarma]] at 345 AD. [[Madhvacharya]] in the 13th century built the eight monasteries ([[Matha]]) in Udupi. |
|||
During the rule of Vijayanagara Tulu nadu was administered in two parts – ''Mangaluru Rajya'' and ''Barakuru Rajya''. Tulunad was the original homeland of the dynasty that founded the [[Vijayanagar Empire]] based in eastern Karnataka. Tulu Nadu was governed by feudatories of the [[Vijayanagara Empire]] until the [[17th century]]. The longest reigning dynasty of Tulu Nadu was the [[Alupas]]. They were the feudatories of the prominent dynasties of Karnataka. The Kadamba dynasty of Banavasi was the earliest, under which the Alupas flourished. Later the Rashtrakutas of Manyakheta, [[Chalukyas]] of Badami, Chalukyas of Kalyani, [[Hoysalas]] of Durasamudra and [[Rayas]] of Vijayanagara were the overlords. The Alupas, however, were independent and their subordination was nominal at best. They ruled until the Vijayanagara kings totally dominated the Tulu Nadu from 14th to the 17th centuries. The region became extremely prosperous during Vijayanagara period with Barkur and Mangalore gaining importance. After the decline of the Vijayanagara Empire, the [[Keladi Nayaka]]s of [[Ikkeri]] controlled much of Tulu Nadu. |
|||
[[Image:Mangalore 075.jpg|thumb|250px|right|A typical red tile-roofed house in Tulu Nadu.]] |
|||
Over the following many centuries, more ethnic groups migrated to the area. [[Konkanis]] and [[Goud Saraswat Brahmin]]s arrived by sea, as Mangalore was a major port that served not only the Portuguese but also the Arabs for maritime trades. [[Jains]] were already a prominent group and even today are uniquely preserved in Tulu Nadu. Though small in number, the Jains left behind indelible reminders of their glory with temples ([[Basadi|bastis]]) in ([[Moodabidri]]) and monolithic statues of [[Bahubali]], the [[gomateshwara]], in [[Karkala]], [[Venoor]] and [[Dharmasthala]]. In the 16th century there was a large influx of Catholics to Tulu Nadu from Goa. They built excellent educational institutes and contributed to the development of education in the region. The Muslim community of Tulu Nadu were basically Arab traders who married local women and settled there. Some of them speak the [[Beary]] language, which is a mix of [[Tulu]] and [[Malayalam]] and others speak Urdu. |
|||
Under [[Portugal]], the region was called the ''Missao do Sul'' (Mission of the South).In the [[18th century|18th]], it was conquered by [[Hyder Ali]], the ruler of [[Kingdom of Mysore|Mysore]]. After the British defeated Haidar's successor [[Tipu Sultan]] in [[1799]], the region was attached to the [[Madras Presidency]] before being reverted to the state of [[State of Mysore|Mysore]] in the aftermath of independence. Mysore has since been renamed [[Karnataka]]. At the end of 18th century, [[Haider Ali]] and [[Tippu Sultan]] controlled the region. [[Mangalore]] played a prominent role in Tippu’s battles with the British. The British gained full control in 1801, after the defeat of Tippu in 1799. The British ruled the region with [[Madras]] (now [[Chennai]]) as its headquarters. [[Tipu Sultan]] conquered the region and the British conquered it from him. Under the British, the region was organized as the Districts of [[North Canara]] and [[South Canara]]. |
|||
When the Indian independence was achieved in 1947, Tulu Nadu became part of Madras state along with Kerala. When the states were divided into linguistic states in the 1950s, Tulu Nadu became part of Karnataka. The two districts were made a part of the [[Madras Presidency]], but North Canara was later transferred to the [[Bombay Presidency]]. The name "Canara" has been Indianized as "Kannada", so that the districts are now [[Uttara Kannada]] and [[Dakshina Kannada]]. The district of South Canara was recently bifurcated to create the [[Udipi|District of Udipi]]. |
|||
==Geography== |
|||
[[Image:TuluNaduLandscape.jpg|thumb|Tulu Nadu village scene.]] |
|||
Tulu Nadu lies along the [[Malabar Coast]], and shares a number of geographic, culinary, and social traits with the neighbouring [[Konkan]] and Kerala regions. Like them, Tulu Nadu is bounded on the west by the [[Arabian Sea]] and on the east by the [[Western Ghats]]. |
|||
==Culture== |
|||
[[Image:Demon Yakshagana.jpg|200px|thumb|right|[[Yakshagana]] artist.]] |
|||
The [[Yakshagana]] is a night-long dance and drama performance practiced in Tulu Nadu with great fanfare.<ref>{{cite web |
|||
|url = http://www.szcc.tn.nic.in/07_folktheatre/karnataka/Yakshagana/yakshagana.html |
|||
|title = Yakshagana |
|||
|accessdate = 2007-12-07 |
|||
|publisher = SZCC, Tamil Nadu.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |
|||
| last = Plunkett |
|||
| first = Richard |
|||
| authorlink = |
|||
| coauthors = |
|||
| title = South India |
|||
| publisher = Lonely Planet |
|||
| date = 2001 |
|||
| location = |
|||
| pages = 53 |
|||
| url = http://books.google.com/books?id=JmL9KqczbRYC&pg=PA53&lpg=PA53&dq=yakshagana+unique&source=web&ots=9_wX6OlWh7&sig=XiF-XEq63YZk_82YJTGM2ofzi60#PPA53,M1 |
|||
| doi = |
|||
| id = ISBN 1864501618}}</ref> ''[[Hulivesha]]'' (Tiger dance) is a unique form of folk dance in the region fascinating the young and the old alike, which is performed during [[Dasara]] and [[Krishna Janmashtami]].<ref>{{cite news |
|||
|url = http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/354160109.cms |
|||
|date = [[2001-10-26]] |
|||
|title = Human `tigers' face threat to health |
|||
|accessdate = 2007-12-07 |
|||
|publisher = Times of India}}</ref> ''Karadi Vesha'' (Bear Dance) is one more popular dance performed during [[Dasara]] in Tulu Nadu.<ref name="DAJ">{{cite web |url=http://www.daijiworld.com/chan/exclusive_arch.asp?ex_id=726 |title= What's in a Name? |accessdate= 2008-03-04 |author= Stephen D'Souza |publisher=daijiworld.com}}</ref> |
|||
''[[Bhuta Kola]]'' or spirit worship, which is usually done at night is practised here. ''[[Kambala]]'' or buffalo race is conducted in water filled paddy fields. ''Korikatta'' ([[Cockfight]]) is another favourite sport for the people. ''[[Nagaradhane]]'' or ''Snake worship'' is practised in the Tulu Nadu according to the popular belief of the ''[[Nāga|Naga Devatha]]'' to go underground and guard the species on the top.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://mangalorean.com/news.php?newstype=broadcast&broadcastid=50662 |title= Nagarapanchami Naadige Doddadu |accessdate= 2008-01-28 |publisher=Mangalorean.Com}}</ref> |
|||
[[Tulu language|Tulu]] is a [[Dravidian languages|Dravidian language]] of India with fewer than two million speakers. Most of its speakers are in the districts of Dakshina Kannada and Udupi in the west of the state of Karnataka. It is also spoken in northern part of the Kasargod district of Kerala. Besides Tulu, [[Kannada language|Kannada]] (the state language) and [[Konkani language|Konkani]] are also widely spoken in the area. Also, a sizeable population of [[Islam in India|Muslims]], [[Beary]]s, speak [[Beary bashe]] an offshoot of [[Malayalam]]. The Tulu speakers are known as [[Tuluva]]s. The Tulu script, also known as the Tigalari script, strongly resembles the script of the Malayalam language. |
|||
A script called Tulu is used in Tulunadu for centuries. All Tulu classics discovered recently are in Tulu script, and som in other scripts. This Tulu script was being used by Brahmins. Till recently they were using it for writing Mantras, for accounts etc.Like [[Nair]]s who are originally from Tulunadu and settled in the present Kerala,Tulu Brahmins were also going to Kerala Temples for priestly work (called 'Shanti' Services). They took the Tulu writing with them to Kerala thus they carried the Tulu script to Kerala. Malayalam had not developed a script of its own by that time. The upper castes and classes of Keralites started close contacts with the Nairs and Tulu Brahmins and hence they adopted the Tulu script, and later adopted it to what is now called the Malayalam script. (This has been proved in detail by Vidwan P V Puninchathaya in 'Tulu -Nadu-Nudi'). And in fact according to the puranas,Tulunadu was a part of Kerala,also known as Parasurama Kshetram,ie., 'The Land of Parasurama',as the land was reclaimed from sea by him. |
|||
Tulu cuisine is popular across [[South India]], mostly due to [[Udupi cuisine|udupi restaurants]], which are primarily vegetarian. The Tulu language was also once spoken in [[Uttara Kannada]] or North Kanara, which for this reason is sometimes considered part of Tulu Nadu as well. |
|||
==Demographics== |
|||
The majority of the people in Tulunad belong to the [[Tuluva]] ethnic group. Earlier the Tuluvas ruled over a large empire known as [[Vijayanagar Empire]]. However with the loss of empire, the Tulu peoples have concentrated in the costal areas. The next largest group are the [[Konkani people|Konkanis]] who migrated here from Goa, due to persecution by the Portuguese. Other people who settled here include Kannadigas,[[Malayalis]] and [[Beary|Bearis]] |
|||
==Economy== |
|||
Tulu Nadu was once primarily dependent on agriculture and fishing. The main crops grown were rice, [[Chickpea|bengal gram]], [[horse gram]], vegetables and fruits. Plantation crops like coconut, [[areca]] nut, cocoa, [[cashew]] nut, and pepper are also grown. In the early 20th century, the red clay roof tile industry, cashew nut processing, and the banking industry grew substantially. Tulu Nadu is called "the cradle of Indian banking." Five major banks of India (Syndicate Bank, Canara Bank, Corporation Bank, Vijaya Bank and [[Karnataka Bank]]) have their origins here. In the early part of the 21st century the area has been transforming itself into a hub of the information technology and medical services industries. This is due to the excellent educational facilities and hospitals available in Tulu Nadu, covering all fields, and the abundance of skilled workers. There has been large-scale decline in agriculture and related industries due to the non-availability of labour and preference for white-collar jobs. Agricultural land is being converted to commercial and real estate properties, and environmental pollution is increasing drastically due to large-scale deforestation and increase in automobile use. A public sector petroleum refinery ( [[MRPL]] )was established in the 1990s. Some chemical plants (e.g., fertilizers and pesticides) have been established. Tulu Nadu contributes the second highest revenue to Karnataka state after the city of Bangalore. |
|||
== See also == |
|||
*[[Temples in Tulunadu]] |
|||
==External links== |
|||
* [[History of Tulu Nadu|History of Tulundau]] |
|||
* [http://www.boloji.com/places/0018.htm Tulu Nadu: The Land and Its People] |
|||
* [http://www.mangalore.com/documents/mangalore.html Mangalore Home Page] |
|||
* [http://www.udupipages.com/home/culture/tulu1.html History of tulunad - udupipages.com] |
|||
* [http://www.kar.nic.in/gazetteer South Canara Gazetteer 1973] |
|||
* [http://viswamurugu.com/tuluweb1.html A Research on Tulunadu and Tuluvas] |
|||
==References== |
|||
{{reflist}} |
|||
* Also Read "Studies in Tuluva history and culture: From the pre-historic times upto [sic] the modern (1975)" by Dr. [[P. Gururaja Bhat]] |
|||
</div> |
|||
<br/> |
|||
{{Culture of Tulunadu}} |
|||
{{South India topics}} |
|||
{{Communities in Mangalore}} |
|||
[[Category:Tuluva]] |
|||
[[Category:Regions of Karnataka]] |
|||
[[sv:Tulu Nadu]] |
|||
Revision as of 14:54, 12 September 2008
It doesnt exist