View source for Tunjuelo River

{{Infobox river
| name               = Tunjuelo River
| native_name        = {{native name list |tag1=es|name1=Río Tunjuelo |tag2=es|name2=Río Tunjuelito}}
| name_other         = Tunjuelito River
| name_etymology          = [[Chibcha language|Muysccubun]]: "cerro de los ''[[tunjo]]s''"
| image              = 
| image_size         = 
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| image_alt          = 
| map                = 
| map_size           = 
| map_caption        = 
| map_alt            = 
| pushpin_map        = Colombia
| pushpin_map_caption= Location of the Tunjuelo River in Colombia
| source1_coordinates= {{coord|4.3070|-74.1306|type:river_region:CO|format=dms|display=inline}}
| mouth_coordinates  = {{coord|4.6291|-74.2225|type:river_region:CO|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type1  = Country
| subdivision_name1  = [[Colombia]]
| subdivision_type2  = [[Departments of Colombia|Department]]
| subdivision_name2  = [[Cundinamarca Department|Cundinamarca]]
| subdivision_type3  = [[Municipalities of Colombia|Municipalities]]
| subdivision_name3  = [[Bogotá]]
| subdivision_type4  = Localities
| subdivision_name4  = {{hlist|[[Sumapaz]]|[[Usme]]|[[Ciudad Bolívar, Bogotá|Ciudad Bolívar]]|[[Tunjuelito]]|[[Fontibón]]}}
| subdivision_type5  = 
| subdivision_name5  = 
| source1            = [[Sumapaz Páramo]]
| source1_location   = 
| source1_elevation  = 
| mouth              = [[Bogotá River]]
| mouth_location     = 
| mouth_elevation    = 
| progression        = 
| river_system       = [[Bogotá River]]<br>&nbsp;[[Magdalena River|Magdalena Basin]]<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Caribbean Sea]]
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| bridges            = 
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| length             = {{convert|73|km|mi|abbr=on}}
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}}
The '''Tunjuelo''' or '''Tunjuelito River''' is a river on the [[Bogotá savanna]] and a left tributary of the [[Bogotá River]]. The river, with a length of {{convert|73|km|mi}} originates in the [[Sumapaz Páramo]] and flows northward through the Usme Synclinal to enter the [[Colombia]]n capital [[Bogotá]]. There, the river is mostly canalised flowing westward into the Bogotá River. It is one of the three main rivers of the city, together with the [[Fucha River|Fucha]] and [[Juan Amarillo River]]s.

== Etymology ==
The names Tunjuelo and Tunjuelito ("little Tunjuelo") are derived from the Cerro de los Tunjos, also [[Los Tunjos Lake]], named after the ''[[tunjo]]s'', the [[Muisca religion|religious]] votive figurines of the indigenous language of the [[Muisca people|Muisca]], who inhabited the Bogotá savanna before the [[Spanish conquest of the Muisca|Spanish conquest]].<ref name=Osorio_p29>Osorio Osorio, 2007, p.29</ref>

== Description ==
{{Location map+ | Bogotá savanna
| width   = 260
| caption = Source and mouth of the Tunjuelo River on the [[Bogotá savanna]]
| float = left
| places  =
  {{Location map~ | Bogotá savanna
  | lat_deg = 4.307093
  | lon_deg = -74.130619
  | mark = Turquoise pog.svg
  | label   = {{white|source}}
  }}
  {{Location map~ | Bogotá savanna
  | lat_deg = 4.629374
  | lon_deg = -74.222346
  | mark = Cyan pog.svg
  | label   = {{white|mouth}}
  | position = right
  }}
}}
The Tunjuelo River has a total length of {{convert|73|km|mi}} and originates in the [[Sumapaz Páramo]], in the southern part of [[Bogotá]].<ref name=Osorio_p12>Osorio Osorio, 2007, p.12</ref> It flows through the southern part of the Colombian capital, south of the [[Fucha River]], and has the largest [[drainage basin]] of the rivers of Bogotá.<ref name=RiosBogota>{{in lang|es}} [https://www.civico.com/bogota/noticias/entre-rios-y-quebradas-bogota-tiene-198-cuerpos-de-agua Entre ríos y quebradas Bogotá tiene 198 cuerpos de agua ¿Los conoce?]</ref> The river flows through the Usme Synclinal, where the type localities of various geological formations (among others the [[Marichuela Formation]]) are situated. The Tunjuelo River forms the border between the localities [[Usme]] and [[Ciudad Bolívar, Bogotá|Ciudad Bolivar]] and between the namesake locality [[Tunjuelito]] and Ciudad Bolívar. The Tunjuelo River is highly contaminated.<ref name=AmbienteBogota>{{in lang|es}} [http://ambientebogota.gov.co/200/ Tunjuelo: olores ofensivos]</ref>

{{clear left}}

=== Geology ===
{{main|Eastern Hills, Bogotá#Geology}}
The Tunjuelo River valley hosts the [[type locality (geology)|type localities]] of various geologic formations of the Altiplano Cundiboyacense.

{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
! Age
! Formation
! Lithologies
! class=unsortable | <br>Notes
|-
| style="background-color: {{period color|pleistocene}};" | [[Pleistocene]] || [[Tunjuelo Formation]] || [[conglomerate (geology)|Conglomerates]], [[sandstone]]s, [[shale]]s || {{center|<ref name=Montoya_p71>Montoya & Reyes, 2005, p.71</ref>}}
|-
| style="background-color: {{period color|zanclean}};" | [[Pliocene|Early Pliocene]] || rowspan=2 | [[Marichuela Formation]] || rowspan=2 |  [[conglomerate (geology)|Conglomerates]] || rowspan=2 | {{center|<ref name=Montoya_p65>Montoya & Reyes, 2005, p.65</ref>}}
|-
| style="background-color: {{period color|tortonian}};" | [[Miocene|Late Miocene]]
|-
| style="background-color: {{period color|rupelian}};" | [[Oligocene|Early Oligocene]] || rowspan=2 | [[Usme Formation]] || rowspan=2 | [[Shale]]s, [[sandstone]]s,  [[conglomerate (geology)|conglomerates]] || rowspan=2 | {{center|<ref name=Montoya_p65/>}}
|-
| style="background-color: {{period color|bartonian}};" rowspan=2 | [[Eocene|Late Eocene]]
|-
| rowspan=2 | [[Regadera Formation]] || rowspan=2 | [[Sandstone]]s, [[conglomerate (geology)|conglomerates]], [[shale]]s || rowspan=2 | {{center|<ref name=Montoya_p60>Montoya & Reyes, 2005, p.60</ref>}}
|-
| style="background-color: {{period color|ypresian}};" rowspan=2 | [[Eocene|Early Eocene]] 
|-
| rowspan=2 | [[Bogotá Formation]] || rowspan=2 | [[Mudstone]]s, [[shale]]s, [[siltstone]]s, [[sandstone]]s || rowspan=2 | {{center|<ref name=Montoya_p57>Montoya & Reyes, 2005, p.57</ref>}}
|-
| style="background-color: {{period color|selandian}};" | [[Paleocene|Late Paleocene]] 
|}

=== Wetlands ===
{{Location map+ | Colombia Bogotá
| width   = 300
| float = right
| caption = {{center|Wetlands in the Tunjuelo River basin}}
| places  =
  {{Location map~ | Colombia Bogotá
  | lat_deg = 4.627286
  | lon_deg = -74.160311
  | mark = Blue pog.svg
  | marksize = 12
  | link = La Vaca
  }}
  {{Location map~ | Colombia Bogotá
  | lat_deg = 4.618111
  | lon_deg = -74.213139
  | mark = Blue pog.svg
  | marksize = 12
  | link = La Isla (wetland)
  }}
  {{Location map~ | Colombia Bogotá
  | lat_deg = 4.602083
  | lon_deg = -74.204417
  | mark = Blue pog.svg
  | marksize = 12
  | link = Tibanica
  }}
  {{Location map~ | Colombia Bogotá
  | lat_deg = 4.629374
  | lon_deg = -74.222346
  | outside = 1 <!-- suppress map error, location is on map boundary -->
  | mark = Cyan pog.svg
  | marksize = 20
  | link = Tunjuelo River
  | label = '''mouth'''
  | position = right
  }}
}}
{{main|Wetlands of Bogotá}}
Three of the fifteen protected wetlands of Bogotá are located in the Tunjuelo River basin.
{| class="wikitable"
! Wetland
! Location
! Altitude (m)
! Area (ha)
! Notes
|-
| [[La Vaca]]
| [[Kennedy, Bogotá|Kennedy]]
| align=center | 2548
| align=center | 7.96
| align=center | <ref>{{URL|http://humedalesbogota.com/humedal-la-vaca/|Humedal La Vaca}}</ref>
|-
| [[La Isla (wetland)|La Isla]]
| Bosa
| align=center | 2550
| align=center | 7.7
| align=center | <ref>{{URL|http://humedalesbogota.com/humedal-la-isla/|Humedal La Isla}}</ref>
|-
| [[Tibanica]]
| [[Bosa, Bogotá|Bosa]]<br>[[Soacha]]
| align=center | 2542
| align=center | 28.8
| align=center | <ref>{{URL|http://humedalesbogota.com/humedal-tibanica/|Humedal Tibanica}}</ref>
|-
|}

{{clear}}

== Gallery ==
<gallery mode=packed heights=150px>
File:Río Tunjuelo, vista hacia Ciudad Bolívar.JPG|Tunjuelo River in Ciudad Bolívar
File:Ciudad Bolívar, río Tunjuelo, tv 20 B con calle 61 S.JPG|Tunjuelo River
File:Bogotá Río Tunjuelito a la altura de la 61S.jpg|Tunjuelo River
File:Río en Btá Localida Tunjuelito.jpeg|Tunjuelo River in Tunjuelito
File:RioTunjuelito.JPG|Canalised part of the river
</gallery>
{{clear}}

== See also ==
{{portal|Colombia|Geography}}
* [[List of rivers of Colombia]]
* [[Eastern Hills, Bogotá]]
* [[Bogotá savanna]], [[Sumapaz Páramo]]
* [[Fucha River]], [[Juan Amarillo River]]

== References ==
{{reflist|20em}}

=== Bibliography ===
* {{citation |last=Montoya Arenas |first=Diana María |last2=Reyes Torres |first2=Germán Alfonso |year=2005 |title=Geología de la Sabana de Bogotá |publisher=[[INGEOMINAS]] |pages=1–104}}
* {{citation |last=Osorio Osorio |first=Julián Antonio |year=2007 |title=El río Tunjuelo en la historia de Bogotá, 1900-1990 |url=http://www.culturarecreacionydeporte.gov.co/observatorio/documentos/investigaciones/estadosArte/Rio%20Tunjuelito_baja.pdf |publisher=Alcaldía Mayor de Bogotá |pages=1–116 |accessdate=2017-02-28}}

== Further reading ==
* {{citation |last=Bayona |first=Germán |last2=Montenegro |first2=Omar |last3=Cardona |first3=Agustín |last4=Jaramillo |first4=Carlos |last5=Lamus |first5=Felipe |last6=Morón |first6=Sara |last7=Quiroz |first7=Luiz |last8=Ruíz |first8=María C. |last9=Valencia and Mauricio Parra |first9=Victor |year=2010 |title=Estratigrafía, procedencia, subsidencia y exhumación de las unidades paleógenas en el Sinclinal de Usme, sur de la zona axial de la Cordillera Oriental - Stratigraphy, provenance, subsidence and exhumation of the Paleogene succession in the Usme Syncline, southern axial zone of the Eastern Cordillera |url=http://www.bdigital.unal.edu.co/24001/1/21100-118170-1-PB.pdf |journal=Geología Colombiana |volume=35 |pages=5–35 |accessdate=2017-03-16}}
* {{citation |last=Guerrero Uscátegui |first=Alberto Lobo |year=1992 |title=Geología e Hidrogeología de Santafé de Bogotá y su Sabana |publisher=Sociedad Colombiana de Ingenieros |pages=1–20}}

== External links ==
{{commons category|Río Tunjuelito}}
* {{in lang|es}} [http://190.27.245.106/POT-2013/Cartografia/Anexo01_Sistema_Hidrico.pdf Sistema Hídrico, Bogotá]

{{Bogotá|state=collapsed}}
{{Muisca navbox|Geography and history|state=expanded}}

[[Category:Rivers of Colombia]]
[[Category:Bogotá River]]
[[Category:Geography of Cundinamarca Department]]
[[Category:Geography of Bogotá]]
[[Category:Altiplano Cundiboyacense|Rivers]]