View source for Typhoon Ida (1958)

{{Short description|Pacific typhoon in 1958}}
{{good article}}
{{Use American English|date=December 2022}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Infobox weather event
| name = Typhoon Ida<br/><small>Kanogawa Typhoon</small>
| image = IDA 1958.png
| caption = The eye of Typhoon Ida at peak intensity on September 25 photographed by a high-flying [[U-2 aircraft]].
| formed = September 20, 1958
| extratropical = September 27, 1958
| dissipated = September 30, 1958
}}{{Infobox weather event/SSHWS
| winds = 175
| pressure = 877
| basin = Wpac
}}{{Infobox weather event/Effects
| fatalities = 1,269 total
| damages = 50000000
| areas = [[Japan]]
}}{{Infobox weather event/Footer
| season = [[1958 Pacific typhoon season]]
}}

'''Typhoon Ida''', also known as the {{nihongo|'''Kanogawa Typhoon'''|狩野川台風|Kanogawa Taifū}}, was the sixth-deadliest typhoon to hit Japan, as well as one of the [[List of the most intense tropical cyclones|strongest tropical cyclones on record]]. On September&nbsp;20, Ida formed in the Western Pacific near Guam. It moved to the west and rapidly intensified into a {{convert|115|mph|km/h|order=flip|abbr=on}} typhoon by the next day. On September&nbsp;22, Ida turned to the north and continued its quick rate of intensification. Two days later, the [[Hurricane Hunters]] observed a minimum [[atmospheric pressure|barometric pressure]] of {{convert|877|mb|inHg|abbr=on}}, as well as estimated peak winds of {{convert|325|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}. This made Ida the strongest tropical cyclone on record at the time, although it was surpassed by [[1975 Pacific typhoon season#Super Typhoon June (Rosing)|Typhoon June]] 17&nbsp;years later. Ida weakened as it continued to the north-northeast, and made landfall in Japan on southeastern Honshū with winds of {{convert|80|mph|km/h|order=flip|abbr=on}} on September&nbsp;26. It became [[Extratropical cyclone|extratropical]] the next day, and dissipated on the September&nbsp;28 to the east of the country. Ida caused torrential flooding to southeastern Japan, resulting in over 1,900&nbsp;mudslides. Damage was estimated at $50&nbsp;million, and there were 1,269&nbsp;fatalities.

==Meteorological history==
{{Storm path|Ida 1958 path.png|colors=new}}
Tropical Storm Ida formed east of [[Guam]] on September&nbsp;20, 1958. The storm moved westward, crossing the island as it gradually intensified into a typhoon.<ref name="jma">{{cite web|author=Japan Meteorological Agency|date=June 1, 1989|title=RSMC Best Track Data - 1951-1959|access-date=November 25, 2011|url=http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/jma-eng/jma-center/rsmc-hp-pub-eg/Besttracks/bst5159.txt|format=TXT|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120322110127/http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/jma-eng/jma-center/rsmc-hp-pub-eg/Besttracks/bst5159.txt|archive-date=March 22, 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> On September&nbsp;22, Ida began a motion to the north, following a path typical of September typhoons.<ref name="sept58" /> Around that time, the [[Hurricane Hunters]] reported that the [[eye (cyclone)|eye]] was obscured, and over the subsequent 24&nbsp;hours the eyewall remained incomplete. However, over a 14-hour period beginning at 15:00&nbsp;[[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]] on September&nbsp;23, Typhoon Ida began undergoing [[rapid deepening]], at times a rate of {{convert|5.8|mbar|inHg|lk=on|abbr=on}} per hour. The eye became increasingly well-defined,<ref name="jou" /> and near 05:00&nbsp;UTC on September&nbsp;24, a reconnaissance aircraft deployed a [[dropsonde]] in the typhoon about {{convert|600|mi|km|abbr=on}} northwest of Guam. The instrument recorded a [[atmospheric pressure|barometric pressure]] of {{convert|877|mbar|inHg|abbr=on}}, which made Ida the strongest tropical cyclone on record at the time as measured by pressure.<ref name="low" />

{{Most intense Pacific typhoons}}
Around the time of its lowest pressure, the Hurricane Hunters estimated flight-level winds of {{convert|345|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}.<ref name="low">{{cite journal|author=C. L. Jordan|date=September 1959|title=A Reported Sea Level Pressure of 877 MB.|journal=Monthly Weather Review|access-date=November 23, 2011|url=http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/mwr/087/mwr-087-09-0365.pdf|doi=10.1175/1520-0493(1959)087<0365:wnarsl>2.0.co;2|volume=87|issue=9 |pages=365–366|bibcode = 1959MWRv...87..365J }}</ref> The reconnaissance flight observed a surface temperature in the eye of {{convert|33|°C|°F|abbr=on}} with 50%&nbsp;humidity; such a warm and dry eye was rather unusual for being located over the open ocean. By less than 36&nbsp;hours after its peak intensity, aircraft reported that the eye had become filled with clouds, which indicated weakening.<ref name="jou">{{cite journal|author=C. L. Jordan|date=December 1961|title=Marked Changes in the Characteristics of the Eye of Intense Typhoons Between the Deepening and Filling Stages|journal=Journal of Meteorology|volume=18|issue=6|doi=10.1175/1520-0469(1961)018<0779:MCITCO>2.0.CO;2|pages=779–789|bibcode = 1961JAtS...18..779J |doi-access=free}}</ref> Ida's winds gradually decreased, and the typhoon struck Japan in southeastern [[Honshu]] on September&nbsp;26 with winds of {{convert|190|km/h|mph|abbr=on}} and a minimum pressure of {{convert|949|mbar|inHg}}.<ref name="book"/> The typhoon crossed the eastern portion of the country and emerged from [[Fukushima Prefecture]] into the Pacific Ocean. Early on September&nbsp;27, Ida became [[extratropical cyclone|extratropical]], and its remnants moved through [[Sapporo]] and the [[Kuril Islands]] before dissipating late on September&nbsp;28.<ref name="jma"/>

When the Hurricane Hunters reported Ida's lowest pressure, the measurement was {{convert|10|mb|inHg|abbr=on}} lower than the previous record of {{convert|887|mbar|inHg|abbr=on}}, set by a [[1927 Pacific typhoon season#August|typhoon in 1927]].<ref name="low"/> Ida retained its status as the most intense typhoon until 1973, when [[Typhoon Nora (1973)|Typhoon Nora]] attained the same minimum pressure. In November&nbsp;1975, [[1975 Pacific typhoon season#Super Typhoon June (Rosing)|Typhoon June]] surpassed both and attained a minimum pressure of {{convert|875|mbar|inHg|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Charles R. Holiday|volume=104|journal=Monthly Weather Review|date=September 1976|title=Typhoon June - Most Intense of Record|issue=9|doi=10.1175/1520-0493(1976)104<1188:TJIOR>2.0.CO;2|pages=1188–1190|bibcode = 1976MWRv..104.1188H |doi-access=free}}</ref> [[Typhoon Tip]] in October&nbsp;1979 became the strongest on record with a minimum pressure of {{convert|870|mbar|inHg|abbr=on}}, which remains the record.<ref>{{cite journal|author=George M. Dunnavan & John W. Dierks|year=1980|title=An Analysis of Super Typhoon Tip (October&nbsp;1979)|journal=Monthly Weather Review|volume=108|issue=11|pages=1915–1923|publisher=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|doi=10.1175/1520-0493(1980)108<1915:AAOSTT>2.0.CO;2|issn=1520-0493|doi-access=free}}</ref>

==Impact==

[[File:Kanogawa Typhoon 1958 b.jpg|thumb|Damage from Ida in [[Izunokuni, Shizuoka]]|alt=|left]]
While Typhoon Ida was striking Japan, it produced heavy rainfall that reached {{convert|748.6|mm|in|abbr=on}} on [[Mount Amagi]] on the [[Izu Peninsula]].<ref name="kses">{{cite web|script-title=ja:狩野川台風 １９５８年９月２６日|publisher=Izu City|access-date=November 25, 2011|language=Japanese|url=http://kses.city.izu.shizuoka.jp/siryou/siryou.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426002210/http://kses.city.izu.shizuoka.jp/siryou/siryou.html|archive-date=April 26, 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> In the capital city of Tokyo, the storm dropped almost {{convert|430|mm|in|abbr=on}} of rainfall, which was the highest daily total since record-keeping began in 1876.<ref name="upi926"/> Across the country, the rains caused flooding along the [[Kano River|Kano]], Merugo, and [[Arakawa River (Kanto)|Arakawa]] rivers;<ref name="book">{{cite book|author=David Longshore|year=2008|publisher=Infobase Publishing|title=Encyclopedia of hurricanes, typhoons, and cyclones|page=255|isbn=9781438118796|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8kXwskQHBLoC&q=typhoon+ida++1958&pg=PA255}}</ref> the flooding of the Kano River destroyed to villages along the Izu Peninsula.<ref name="sept58">{{cite journal|author=Emanuel M. Ballenzweig|title=The Weather and Circulation of September&nbsp;1958|journal=Monthly Weather Review|year=1958|access-date=November 25, 2011|url=http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/mwr/086/mwr-086-09-0359.pdf|doi=10.1175/1520-0493(1958)086<0359:twacos>2.0.co;2|volume=86|issue=9|pages=359–367|bibcode = 1958MWRv...86..359B |doi-access=free}}</ref> The rains resulted in at least 1,900&nbsp;landslides,<ref name="time"/> including 786 in the Tokyo area.<ref name="upi926"/> There was a [[storm tide]] of {{convert|1.1|m|ft|abbr=on}} in [[Chiba, Chiba|Chiba]],<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Japan Meteorological Agency|script-title=ja:高潮観測表|language=Japanese|access-date=November 25, 2011|url=http://www.data.jma.go.jp/obd/stats/data/bosai/report/1958/19580926/19580926_tide.html}}</ref> which flooded 120,000&nbsp;acres of rice fields.<ref name="book"/> Along the coast, there were 32&nbsp;ships that were missing or sunk, and another 20&nbsp;were damaged.<ref name="upi926">{{cite news|agency=United Press International|date=September 27, 1958|title=220 Dead as Typhoon Crosses Japan|newspaper=Lodi News-Sentinel|access-date=November 25, 2011|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=yMgzAAAAIBAJ&pg=5719,8467362&dq=typhoon+ida+japan&hl=en}}</ref> In addition to the rains, the typhoon produced winds of up to {{convert|160|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}, with gusts of {{convert|130|km/h|mph|abbr=on}} recorded in Tokyo;<ref name="ap928">{{cite news|agency=Associated Press|date=September 28, 1958|title=Toll from Japanese Typhoon Mounts; More Than 300 Dead|newspaper=The Sunday News and Tribune|access-date=November 25, 2011|url=http://www.newspaperarchive.com/SiteMap/FreePdfPreview.aspx?img=101252780}}</ref> however, wind damage was minor.<ref name="sum"/>

{{Significant Typhoons with Special Names}}
A report by [[Time Magazine]] in early October&nbsp;1958 referred to Ida as the worst Japanese typhoon in 24 years, since the 1934 Muroto typhoon. In the Tokyo area, the storm caused widespread power outages and severely disrupted the transportation system.<ref name="upi926"/> During the storm, communications were severed with the Izu Peninsula,<ref name="ap928"/> where damage was heaviest. Across the country, more than 520,000&nbsp;homes were flooded, which is the most on record. As a result, the [[Japan Meteorological Agency]] gave Ida the special local name of the "Kanogawa Typhoon".<ref name="name">{{cite web|publisher=National Institute of Informatics|access-date=November 25, 2011|title=Digital Typhoon: Reference Room|url=http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/digital-typhoon/reference/index.html.en}}</ref> The typhoon damaged 16,743&nbsp;homes to some degree, including 2,118&nbsp;that were destroyed and another 2,175&nbsp;that were severely damaged.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Japan Meteorological Agency|script-title=ja:台風による災害の例|language=Japanese|access-date=November 25, 2011|url=http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/kishou/know/typhoon/6-1.html}}</ref> Although it was initially reported that the storm left about 500,000&nbsp;people homeless,<ref name="time">{{cite journal|journal=Time Magazine|date=October 6, 1958|title=JAPAN: Ida's Price|access-date=November 25, 2011|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,825503,00.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081007112349/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,825503,00.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=October 7, 2008}}</ref> the total was later lowered to 12,000&nbsp;people left homeless due to the storm. In addition, the typhoon destroyed more than 244&nbsp;road or rail bridges. Overall damage was estimated at $50&nbsp;million (1958&nbsp;[[United States dollar|USD]], $544.6 million in 2024),<ref name="book"/> or 20.6&nbsp;billion [[Japanese Yen|yen]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Karinogowa Memory Park History|language=Japanese|url=http://kanogawapark.jp/history.html|access-date=November 26, 2011|archive-date=April 26, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426002211/http://kanogawapark.jp/history.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Overall, the typhoon injured 1,138&nbsp;people and killed a total of 1,269&nbsp;people. This makes Ida the sixth-deadliest storm in the country, behind [[Typhoon Ruth (1951)|Typhoon Ruth]] in 1951, [[Typhoon Marie (1954)|Typhoon Marie]] in 1954, [[Typhoon Ida (1945)|Typhoon Ida]] in 1945, the [[1934 Muroto typhoon]], and [[Typhoon Vera]] in 1959.<ref name="dt">{{cite web|title=Digital Typhoon: Typhoon Damage List|publisher=National Institute of Informatics|access-date=November 25, 2011|url=http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/cgi-bin/dt/disaster.pl?lang=en&basin=wnp&sort=dead_or_missing&order=dec&stype=number}}</ref> Included in the death toll were 381&nbsp;people that were missing and presumed killed.<ref name="sum">{{cite web|publisher=Japan Meteorological Organization|script-title=ja:狩野川台風 昭和33年（1958年） ９月26日～９月28日|language=Japanese|access-date=November 25, 2011|url=http://www.data.jma.go.jp/obd/stats/data/bosai/report/1958/19580926/19580926.html}}</ref>

After the storm subsided, the [[United States military]] provided supplies and soldiers to assist in relief work.<ref name="ap928"/> About 200&nbsp;firemen along the Kano River assisted in relief efforts.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Mishima City|script-title=ja:昭和３３年 狩野川台風（昭和２０年～３９年）|language=Japanese|year=2006|access-date=November 25, 2011|url=http://www.city.mishima.shizuoka.jp/websystem/syashsin_rekishi/v74.htm|archive-date=June 8, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120608061035/http://www.city.mishima.shizuoka.jp/websystem/syashsin_rekishi/v74.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==See also==
{{portal|Tropical cyclones}}
*[[List of storms named Ida|Other storms of the same name]]
*[[:Template:Significant Typhoons with Special Names|Significant typhoons with special names]]
*[[Typhoon Alice (1958)]]
*[[Typhoon Hagibis]] (2019)
{{clear}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Digital Typhoon|195822|IDA}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ida (1958)}}
[[Category:1958 Pacific typhoon season]]
[[Category:Typhoons in Japan]]