View source for USP (satellite bus)

{{Infobox spacecraft class
| name                 = USP <br/> <small> (УКП) </small>
| image                = 
| image_size           = 
| image_alt            =
| image_caption        =
 
| manufacturer         =[[S. P. Korolev Rocket and Space Corporation Energia|RSC Energia]]
| designer             =
| country              =Russia
| operator             =
| applications         =[[Communications satellite|Communications]],

<!--Specifications-->
| spacecraft_type      = [[Low Earth orbit|LEO]] to [[Geostationary orbit|GEO]] universal platform
| spacecraft_bus       = 
| constellation        =
| design_life          = [[Highly elliptical orbit|HEO]] >= 7 years <br />[[Geostationary orbit|GEO]] >=12.5 years
| launch_mass          =
| dry_mass             = {{convert|950|kg|lb|abbr=on}} to {{convert|1200|kg|lb|abbr=on}}
| payload_capacity     = [[Highly elliptical orbit|HEO]]: {{convert|500|kg|lb|abbr=on}} to {{convert|1000|kg|lb|abbr=on}}<br />[[Geostationary orbit|GEO]] {{convert|250|kg|lb|abbr=on}} to {{convert|300|kg|lb|abbr=on}}
| crew_capacity        = 
| dimensions           = 
| volume               = 
| power                = [[Highly elliptical orbit|HEO]] up to 3000W <br />[[Geostationary orbit|GEO]] up to 2000W
| batteries            = [[Nickel–hydrogen battery|NiH<sub>2</sub>]]
| equipment            = 
| orbits               = [[Low Earth Orbit|LEO]], [[Highly elliptical orbit|HEO]] and [[Geostationary orbit|GEO]]

<!--Production-->
| status               =In Production
| built                =7
| orders               =12
| launched             =7
| operational          =3
| retired              =1
| failed               =2
| lost                 =1
| first                =September 06, 1999, [[Yamal 101]] and [[Yamal 102]]
| last                 =Dec 26, 2017, [[Angosat 1]]
| lastretired          =

<!--Related spacecraft-->
| derivedfrom          =
| derivatives          =
| subsatellites        =
| subsatellite_of      =
| flown_with           = <!--other non-derived or non-subsatellite craft (e.g. Gemini Target Vehicle, Apollo Lunar Module)-->

<!--insignia-->
| insignia             = 
| insignia_size        = 
| insignia_alt         = 
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<!--image at bottom of infobox-->
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| bottom_image_caption =

| previous             =
| next                 =
}}
The '''USP''', for '''Universal Space Platform''' ({{langx|ru|'''Универсальная Космическая Платформа'''|Universal'naya Kosmicheskaya Platforma}}; {{langx|ru|link=no|'''УКП'''|UKP}}), also known as '''Viktoria''' ({{lang|ru|'''Виктория'''}}), is a highly flexible [[satellite bus]] designed and manufactured by [[S. P. Korolev Rocket and Space Corporation Energia|RSC Energia]].<ref name=energia-usp /><ref name=energia-yamal200 /><ref name=energia-yamal200p01 /><ref name=energia-yamal200p02 /><ref name=energia-yamal200p03 /><ref name=gsp-energiyausp /> It is called universal because it has been designed to be operated from [[Low Earth Orbit|LEO]] to [[Geostationary orbit|GEO]].<ref name=energia-usp /> It is a [[Three-axis stabilisation|three axis stabilized]] platform with [[Electrically powered spacecraft propulsion|electric propulsion]] for [[Orbital station-keeping|station keeping]], but [[chemical propellant]] is offered as an option.<ref name=energia-usp /> The bus can offer up to 3000 W of power and a payload capacity up to {{convert|1000|kg|lb|abbr=on}} for Low Earth orbit or [[Highly elliptical orbit|HEO]] an up to {{convert|300|kg|lb|abbr=on}} for geostationary orbit.<ref name=energia-usp />

The platform is designed for direct orbital injection, and thus lacks [[Orbital maneuver|orbit raising]] propulsion.<ref name=energia-yamal200p01 /> It does however, support dual launching on [[Proton-M]], which can enable cheap launching, or the use of smaller vehicles like the [[Soyuz-2.1b]]/[[Fregat|Fregat-M]] or even the [[Dnepr (rocket)|Dnepr]] for low energy orbits.<ref name=energia-usp />

==List of USP bus satellites==
While not the most successful satellite bus, the USP is characterized by its commercial beginnings and the huge orbital flexibility.

{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
|-
! Satellite
! Order
! Launch
! Launch Vehicle
! Launch Site
! Intended Orbit
! Launch Result
! Launch Weight
! Status
! Remarks
|-
! [[Yamal 101]]
| {{NA}} || 1999-09-06 || [[Proton-K]]/[[Blok D|Blok-DM-2M]] || [[Baikonur Cosmodrome|Baikonur]] [[Baikonur Cosmodrome Site 81|Site 81/23]] ||[[Geostationary orbit|GEO]] || {{success}} || {{convert|1360|kg|abbr=on}} || {{bad|Failed at separation}} || Dual launch with [[Yamal 102]]. Failed at launch <ref name=gsp-yamal101 /><ref name=rsw-yamal /><ref name=kosmonavtika-yamalhistorie1 /><ref name=kosmonavtika-yamalhistorie2 /><ref name=satbeams-yamal101 />
|-
! [[Yamal 102]]
| {{NA}} || 1999-09-06 || [[Proton-K]]/[[Blok D|Blok-DM-2M]] || [[Baikonur Cosmodrome|Baikonur]] [[Baikonur Cosmodrome Site 81|Site 81/23]] ||[[Geostationary orbit|GEO]] || {{success}} || {{convert|1360|kg|abbr=on}} || Retired on August 9, 2010 || Dual launch with [[Yamal 101]].<ref name=gsp-yamal101 /><ref name=rsw-yamal /><ref name=kosmonavtika-yamalhistorie1 /><ref name=kosmonavtika-yamalhistorie2 />
|-
! [[Yamal 201]]
| 2001 || 2003-11-24 || [[Proton-K]]/[[Blok D|Blok-DM-2M]] || [[Baikonur Cosmodrome|Baikonur]] [[Baikonur Cosmodrome Site 81|Site 81/23]] ||[[Geostationary orbit|GEO]] || {{success}} || {{convert|1360|kg|abbr=on}} || {{bad|Failed on June 5, 2014}} || Dual launch with [[Yamal 202]]. Failed on orbit<ref name=gsp-yamal201 /><ref name=digitaltveurope-189962 /><ref name=seradata-201406yamal201 /><ref name=rsw-yamal /><ref name=rsw-proton2003yamal200 /><ref name=kosmonavtika-yamalhistorie3 /><ref name=kosmonavtika-yamalhistorie4 /><ref name=satbeams-yamal201 />
|-
! [[Yamal 202]]
| 2001 || 2003-11-24 || [[Proton-K]]/[[Blok D|Blok-DM-2M]] || [[Baikonur Cosmodrome|Baikonur]] [[Baikonur Cosmodrome Site 81|Site 81/23]] ||[[Geostationary orbit|GEO]] || {{success}} || {{convert|1320|kg|abbr=on}} || {{success|Operational}} || Dual launch with [[Yamal 201]]<ref name=gsp-yamal202 /><ref name=gazprom-yamal202 /><ref name=rsw-yamal /><ref name=rsw-proton2003yamal200 /><ref name=kosmonavtika-yamalhistorie3 /><ref name=kosmonavtika-yamalhistorie4 /><ref name=satbeams-yamal202 />
|-
! [[BelKa 1]]
| 2003 || 2006-07-26 || [[Dnepr (rocket)|Dnepr]] || [[Baikonur Cosmodrome|Baikonur]] [[Baikonur Cosmodrome Site 109|Site 109/95]] ||[[Sun-synchronous orbit|SSO]] || {{failure}} || {{convert|750|kg|abbr=on}} || {{bad|Launch failure}} || <ref name=gsp-belka1 /><ref name=rsw-belka /><ref name=kosmonavtika-belka />
|-
! [[EKS (satellite system)|Tundra L11]]
| 2007 || 2015-11-17 || [[Soyuz-2.1b]]/[[Fregat|Fregat-M]] || [[Plesetsk Cosmodrome|Plesetsk]] [[Plesetsk Cosmodrome Site 43|Site 43/4]] || [[Highly elliptical orbit|HEO]] || {{success}} || {{NA}} || {{success|Operational}} || <ref name=gsp-tundra /><ref name=rsw-eks1launch />
|-
! [[EKS (satellite system)|Tundra L12]]
| 2007 || 2017-05-25 || [[Soyuz-2.1b]]/[[Fregat|Fregat-M]] || [[Plesetsk Cosmodrome|Plesetsk]] [[Plesetsk Cosmodrome Site 43|Site 43/4]] || [[Highly elliptical orbit|HEO]] || {{success}} || {{NA}} || {{success|Operational}} || <ref name=gsp-tundra /><ref name=rsw-eksorigin />
|-
! [[Angosat 1]]
| 2009 || 2017-12-26 || [[Zenit-3F]]/[[Fregat|Fregat-SB]] || [[Baikonur Cosmodrome|Baikonur]] [[Baikonur Cosmodrome Site 45|Site 45/1]] || [[Geostationary orbit|GEO]] || {{success}} || {{convert|1550|kg|abbr=on}} || {{good|''Commissioning''}} || The ground controllers lose contact with the satellite shortly after launch, but later regained after the satellite was properly aligned with sun and confirmed that its onboard systems are in good health.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Henry|first1=Caleb|title=Angosat-1 communications restored after post-launch glitch - SpaceNews.com|url=http://spacenews.com/angosat-1-communications-restored-after-post-launch-glitch/|access-date=29 December 2017|work=SpaceNews.com|date=29 December 2017}}</ref><ref name=gsp-angosat1 /><ref name=gsp-energiyausp /><ref name=satbeams-angosat1 />
|-
! [[EKS (satellite system)|Tundra L13]]
| 2007 || {{planned|2018}} || [[Soyuz-2.1b]]/[[Fregat|Fregat-M]] || [[Plesetsk Cosmodrome|Plesetsk]] [[Plesetsk Cosmodrome Site 43|Site 43/4]] || [[Highly elliptical orbit|HEO]] || {{planned|2018}} || {{NA}} || {{planned|Planned}} || <ref name=gsp-tundra /><ref name=rsw-eksorigin />
|-
! [[Energia-100]]
| || {{planned|2018}} || [[Soyuz-2.1b]]/[[Fregat|Fregat-M]] || [[Vostochny Cosmodrome|Vostochny]] [[Vostochny Cosmodrome Site 1S|Site 1S]]||[[Geostationary orbit|GEO]] || {{planned|2018}} || {{NA}}  || {{planned|Planned}} || <ref name=ria-201510061297681241 /><ref name=gsp-energiyausp />
|-
! [[EKS (satellite system)|Tundra L14]]
| 2007 || {{planned|2019}} || [[Soyuz-2.1b]]/[[Fregat|Fregat-M]] || [[Plesetsk Cosmodrome|Plesetsk]] [[Plesetsk Cosmodrome Site 43|Site 43/4]] || [[Highly elliptical orbit|HEO]] || {{planned|2019}} || {{NA}} || {{planned|Planned}} || <ref name=gsp-tundra /><ref name=rsw-eksorigin />
|-
! [[EKS (satellite system)|Tundra L15]]
| 2007 || {{planned|2020}} || [[Soyuz-2.1b]]/[[Fregat|Fregat-M]] || [[Plesetsk Cosmodrome|Plesetsk]] [[Plesetsk Cosmodrome Site 43|Site 43/4]] || [[Highly elliptical orbit|HEO]] || {{planned|2020}} || {{NA}} || {{planned|Planned}} || <ref name=gsp-tundra /><ref name=rsw-eksorigin />
|-
! [[Yamal 203]]
| 2001 || {{dropped|Cancelled}} || [[Proton-K]]/[[Blok D|Blok-DM-2M]] || [[Baikonur Cosmodrome|Baikonur]] ||[[Geostationary orbit|GEO]] || {{dropped|Cancelled}} || {{convert|1360|kg|abbr=on}} || {{dropped|Cancelled}} || <ref name=gsp-energiyausp /><ref name=gsp-yamal201 /><ref name=rsw-yamal /><ref name=kosmonavtika-yamalhistorie3 /><ref name=kosmonavtika-yamalhistorie4 />
|-
! [[Yamal 204]]
| 2001 || {{dropped|Cancelled}} || [[Proton-K]]/[[Blok D|Blok-DM-2M]] || [[Baikonur Cosmodrome|Baikonur]] ||[[Geostationary orbit|GEO]] || {{dropped|Cancelled}} || {{convert|1320|kg|abbr=on}} || {{dropped|Cancelled}} || <ref name=gsp-energiyausp /><ref name=gsp-yamal202 /><ref name=rsw-yamal /><ref name=kosmonavtika-yamalhistorie3 /><ref name=kosmonavtika-yamalhistorie4 />
|-
! [[Yamal 301]]
| 2003 || {{dropped|Cancelled}} || [[Proton-M]]/[[Blok DM-03]] || [[Baikonur Cosmodrome|Baikonur]] ||[[Geostationary orbit|GEO]] || {{dropped|Cancelled}} || {{convert|1330|kg|abbr=on}} || {{dropped|Cancelled}} || <ref name=gsp-energiyausp /><ref name=gsp-yamal301 /><ref name=rsw-yamal /><ref name=kosmonavtika-yamalhistorie5 />
|-
! [[Yamal 302]]
| 2003 || {{dropped|Cancelled}} || [[Proton-M]]/[[Blok DM-03]] || [[Baikonur Cosmodrome|Baikonur]] ||[[Geostationary orbit|GEO]] || {{dropped|Cancelled}} || {{convert|1330|kg|abbr=on}} || {{dropped|Cancelled}} || <ref name=gsp-energiyausp /><ref name=gsp-yamal302 /><ref name=rsw-yamal /><ref name=kosmonavtika-yamalhistorie5 />
|-
|}

==See also==
* [[S. P. Korolev Rocket and Space Corporation Energia|RSC Energia]] – The USP bus designer and manufacturer.
* [[Gazprom Space Systems]] – Satellite communication division of the Russian oil giant [[Gazprom]].
* [[Yamal (satellite constellation)|Yamal]] – Communication satellite family operated by Gazprom Space Systems.
* [[EKS (satellite system)|EKS early warning system]] – A Russian [[early warning satellite]] system designed by RSC Energia that is based on the USP bus.

==External links==
* [http://www.energia.ru/en/automatic/usp.html RSC Energia USP page] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160617151847/http://www.energia.ru/en/automatic/usp.html |date=2016-06-17 }}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em|refs=
<ref name=digitaltveurope-189962>{{cite web |url=http://www.digitaltveurope.net/189962/russian-satellite-failure-leads-to-channels-move/ |title=Russian satellite failure leads to channels move |publisher=DigitalTVEurope.NET |date=June 9, 2014 |access-date=2016-07-20}}</ref>
<ref name=energia-usp>{{cite web |url=http://www.energia.ru/en/automatic/usp.html |title=Universal Space Platform |publisher=RSC Energia |access-date=2016-07-20 |archive-date=2016-06-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160617151847/http://www.energia.ru/en/automatic/usp.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
<ref name=energia-yamal200>{{cite web |url=http://www.energia.ru/en/automatic/yamal-200.html |title=YAMAL-200 Communications Satellite |publisher=RSC Energia |access-date=2016-07-20 |archive-date=2016-06-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160617151852/http://www.energia.ru/en/automatic/yamal-200.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
<ref name=energia-yamal200p01>{{cite web |url=http://www.energia.ru/en/automatic/yamal-200_01.html |title=YAMAL-200 Communications Satellite Satellite Components |publisher=RSC Energia |access-date=2016-07-20 |archive-date=2016-06-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160604181601/http://www.energia.ru/en/automatic/yamal-200_01.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
<ref name=energia-yamal200p02>{{cite web |url=http://www.energia.ru/en/automatic/yamal-200_02.html |title=YAMAL-200 Communications Satellite Bus Module |publisher=RSC Energia |access-date=2016-07-20 |archive-date=2016-06-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160609123044/http://www.energia.ru/en/automatic/yamal-200_02.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
<ref name=energia-yamal200p03>{{cite web |url=http://www.energia.ru/en/automatic/yamal-200_03.html |title=YAMAL-200 Communications Satellite Payload module |publisher=RSC Energia |access-date=2016-07-20 |archive-date=2016-06-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160609123536/http://www.energia.ru/en/automatic/yamal-200_03.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
<ref name=gazprom-yamal202>{{cite web |url=http://www.gazprom-spacesystems.ru/en/infrastructure/?ELEMENT_ID=4142 |title=Yamal-202 technical performance  |publisher=Gazprom Space Systems |access-date=2016-07-20}}</ref>
<ref name=gsp-belka1>{{cite web |last1=Krebs |first1=Gunter Dirk |title=BelKa 1 |url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/belka-1.htm |website=Gunter's Space Page |access-date=2016-07-20 |date=2016-04-17}}</ref>
<ref name=gsp-angosat1>{{cite web |last1=Krebs |first1=Gunter Dirk |title=AngoSat 1 |url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/angosat-1.htm |website=Gunter's Space Page |access-date=2016-07-20 |date=2016-04-17}}</ref>
<ref name=gsp-energiyausp>{{cite web |last1=Krebs |first1=Gunter Dirk |title=RKK Energiya: USP (Victoria) |url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sat/energiya_usp.htm |website=Gunter's Space Page |access-date=2016-07-20 |date=2015-10-16}}</ref>
<ref name=gsp-tundra>{{cite web |last1=Krebs |first1=Gunter Dirk |title=Tundra (EKS, 14F142) |url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/tundra.htm |website=Gunter's Space Page |access-date=2016-07-20 |date=2016-04-17}}</ref>
<ref name=gsp-yamal101>{{cite web |last1=Krebs |first1=Gunter Dirk |title=Yamal 101, 102 |url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/yamal-101.htm |website=Gunter's Space Page |access-date=2016-07-20 |date=2016-04-17}}</ref>
<ref name=gsp-yamal201>{{cite web |last1=Krebs |first1=Gunter Dirk |title=Yamal 201, 203 |url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/yamal-201.htm |website=Gunter's Space Page |access-date=2016-07-20 |date=2016-04-17}}</ref>
<ref name=gsp-yamal202>{{cite web |last1=Krebs |first1=Gunter Dirk |title=Yamal 202, 204 |url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/yamal-202.htm |website=Gunter's Space Page |access-date=2016-07-20 |date=2016-04-17}}</ref>
<ref name=gsp-yamal301>{{cite web |last1=Krebs |first1=Gunter Dirk |title=Yamal 301 |url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/yamal-301.htm |website=Gunter's Space Page |access-date=2016-07-20 |date=2016-04-17}}</ref>
<ref name=gsp-yamal302>{{cite web |last1=Krebs |first1=Gunter Dirk |title=Yamal 302 |url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/yamal-302.htm |website=Gunter's Space Page |access-date=2016-07-20 |date=2016-04-17}}</ref>
<ref name=kosmonavtika-belka>{{cite web |last1=Pillet |first1=Nicolas |title=Le satellite BelKA/Historique |trans-title=The history of the BelKa satellite |url=http://www.kosmonavtika.com/satellites/belka/1.html |website=Kosmonavtika |language=fr |access-date=2016-07-20 |archive-date=2016-08-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160820000950/http://www.kosmonavtika.com/satellites/belka/1.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
<ref name=kosmonavtika-yamalhistorie1>{{cite web |last1=Pillet |first1=Nicolas |title=Yamal/Historie/Nécessité de renouvellement |trans-title=Yamal/History/The necessity of renewal |url=http://www.kosmonavtika.com/satellites/yamal/histoire/1.html |website=Kosmonavtika |language=fr |access-date=2016-07-20 |archive-date=2016-08-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160819225135/http://www.kosmonavtika.com/satellites/yamal/histoire/1.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
<ref name=kosmonavtika-yamalhistorie2>{{cite web |last1=Pillet |first1=Nicolas |title=Yamal/Historie/La plate-forme universelle |trans-title=Yamal/History/The universal platform |url=http://www.kosmonavtika.com/satellites/yamal/histoire/2.html |website=Kosmonavtika |language=fr |access-date=2016-07-20 |archive-date=2016-08-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160819195613/http://www.kosmonavtika.com/satellites/yamal/histoire/2.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
<ref name=kosmonavtika-yamalhistorie3>{{cite web |last1=Pillet |first1=Nicolas |title=Yamal/Historie/Premier tir, premier revers |trans-title=Yamal/History/The first setbacks |url=http://www.kosmonavtika.com/satellites/yamal/histoire/3.html |website=Kosmonavtika |language=fr |access-date=2016-07-20 |archive-date=2016-08-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160819213727/http://www.kosmonavtika.com/satellites/yamal/histoire/3.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
<ref name=kosmonavtika-yamalhistorie4>{{cite web |last1=Pillet |first1=Nicolas |title=Yamal/Historie/La deuxième génération |trans-title=Yamal/History/The second generation |url=http://www.kosmonavtika.com/satellites/yamal/histoire/4.html |website=Kosmonavtika |language=fr |access-date=2016-07-20 |archive-date=2016-08-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160819232041/http://www.kosmonavtika.com/satellites/yamal/histoire/4.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
<ref name=kosmonavtika-yamalhistorie5>{{cite web |last1=Pillet |first1=Nicolas |title=Yamal/Historie/Les Yamal-300 |trans-title=Yamal/History/The Yamal-300 |url=http://www.kosmonavtika.com/satellites/yamal/histoire/5.html |website=Kosmonavtika |language=fr |access-date=2016-07-20 |archive-date=2016-08-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160819232508/http://www.kosmonavtika.com/satellites/yamal/histoire/5.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
<ref name=ria-201510061297681241>{{cite web |url=http://ria.ru/space/20151006/1297681241.html |title=Спутник "Энергия-100" планируют запустить с "Восточного" в 2018 году |trans-title=Energia-100 satellite planned for a 2018 launch from Vostochny |publisher=Ria Novosti |date=October 6, 2015 |language=ru |access-date=2016-07-20}}</ref>
<ref name=rsw-belka>{{cite web |last1=Zak |first1=Anatoly |title=BelKA |url=http://www.russianspaceweb.com/belka.html |website=RussiaSpaceWeb.com |access-date=2016-07-20 |date=December 17, 2012}}</ref>
<ref name=rsw-eks1launch>{{cite web |last1=Zak |first1=Anatoly |title=First launch into the EKS constellation |url=http://www.russianspaceweb.com/eks-tundra-kosmos2510.html |website=RussiaSpaceWeb.com |access-date=2016-07-20 |date=December 7, 2015}}</ref>
<ref name=rsw-eksorigin>{{cite web |last1=Zak |first1=Anatoly |title=Development of the EKS system |url=http://www.russianspaceweb.com/eks-origin.html |website=RussiaSpaceWeb.com |access-date=2016-07-20 |date=November 19, 2015}}</ref>
<ref name=rsw-proton2003yamal200>{{cite web |last1=Zak |first1=Anatoly |title=Proton missions in 2003 |url=http://www.russianspaceweb.com/proton_2003.html#yamal200 |website=RussiaSpaceWeb.com |access-date=2016-07-20 |date=March 9, 2016}}</ref>
<ref name=rsw-yamal>{{cite web |last1=Zak |first1=Anatoly |title=Yamal communication satellites |url=http://www.russianspaceweb.com/yamal.html |website=RussiaSpaceWeb.com |access-date=2016-07-20 |date=April 21, 2016}}</ref>
<ref name=satbeams-angosat1>{{cite web|title=Angosat 1 |url=https://www.satbeams.com/satellites?id=2688 |publisher=Satbeams |access-date=19 July 2016}}</ref>
<ref name=satbeams-yamal101>{{cite web|title=Yamal 101 |url=https://www.satbeams.com/satellites?norad=25896 |publisher=Satbeams |access-date=20 July 2016}}</ref>
<ref name=satbeams-yamal201>{{cite web|title=Yamal 201 |url=https://www.satbeams.com/satellites?norad=28094 |publisher=Satbeams |access-date=20 July 2016}}</ref>
<ref name=satbeams-yamal202>{{cite web|title=Yamal 201 |url=https://www.satbeams.com/satellites?norad=28089 |publisher=Satbeams |access-date=20 July 2016}}</ref>
<ref name=seradata-201406yamal201>{{cite web |url=http://seradata.com/SSI/2014/06/yamal-201-may-have-failed-in-orbit-as-customers-are-moved-to-other-satellites/ |last=Todd |first=David |title=Yamal 201 may have failed in orbit as customers are moved to other satellites |publisher=Seradata Space Intelligence |date=June 10, 2014 |access-date=2016-07-20 |archive-date=2016-09-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160921020038/http://seradata.com/SSI/2014/06/yamal-201-may-have-failed-in-orbit-as-customers-are-moved-to-other-satellites/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
}}

[[Category:Satellite buses]]
[[Category:Communications satellites]]
[[Category:Satellites of Russia]]