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{{Infobox royalty
|consort=yes
| name            =Marie Louise 
|full name={{langx|fr|Marie Louise d'Orléans}}<br>{{langx|es|Maria Luisa de Orleans}}
| succession      =[[Queen consort of Spain]]
| image           =María Luisa de Orleans, reina de España .jpg
| caption         =Marie Louise by José García Hidalgo, 1679
| reign           =19 November 1679 &ndash; 12 February 1689
| spouse          =[[Charles II of Spain|Charles II]]
| house     =[[House of Habsburg]]<br>[[House of Orléans]]
| father          =[[Philippe I, Duke of Orléans|Philippe de France, Duke of Orléans]]
| mother          =[[Henrietta Anne of England|Princess Henrietta Anne of England]]
| date of birth   ={{Birth date|1662|03|26|df=y}}
| place of birth  =[[Palais-Royal]], [[Paris]], [[France]]
| date of death   ={{Death date and age|1689|02|12|1662|04|26|df=y}}
| place of death  =[[Alcázar of Madrid|Royal Alcázar]], [[Madrid]], [[Spain]]
| place of burial=[[El Escorial]], Spain
|}}

'''Marie Louise d'Orléans''' (26 March 1662 &ndash; 12 February 1689) was [[Queen consort]] of Spain as the wife of [[Charles II of Spain|Carlos II, the last Spanish [[House of Habsburg|Habsburg]]. Carlos being physically, and mentally, disabled, their marriage produced no offspring. 

 from 1679 to 1689 as the first wife of King [[Charles II of Spain]]. She was a granddaughter of [[Louis XIII of France]]; this made her a ''[[Fils de France|petite-fille de France]]'' ("Granddaughter of France"). In her adopted country, she was known as ''Maria Luisa de Orléans''.

[[File:Miniature of Marie Louise d'Orléans, future Queen of Spain by Jean Petitot le vieux (1607-1691).jpg|thumb|left|upright|Enamel miniature by [[Jean Petitot]], ''c''1678]]
==Biography==
Marie Louise d'Orléans, ''Mademoiselle d'Orléans'' at birth, was born at the [[Palais Royal]] in [[Paris]].  She was the eldest daughter of [[Philippe I, Duke of Orléans|Philippe de France, ''Duke of Orléans'']], the younger brother of King [[Louis XIV of France]], and of his first wife, [[Henrietta Anne of England|Princess Henrietta Anne of England]].  As a ''petite-fille de France'', she was allowed the style of ''[[Royal Highness|Her Royal Highness]]''. 

She was descended also from the royal families of Austria, England, Scotland and Spain: her paternal grandparents were [[Louis XIII of France]] and [[Anne of Austria]] and her maternal grandparents were [[Charles I of England]] and [[Henrietta Maria of France]]. Two uncles and one aunt included [[Charles II of England|King Charles II of England]], [[James II of England|King James II of England]] and [[Mary, Princess Royal and Princess of Orange]].

Charming, pretty and graceful, Marie Louise, who was her father's favourite child, had a happy childhood, residing most of the time in the Palais-Royal, and at the [[Château de Saint-Cloud]] situated a few kilometers west of Paris. Marie Louise spent a lot of time with both her paternal and maternal grandmothers - Anne of Austria, who doted on her and left the bulk of her fortune to her when she died in 1666; and Henriette Marie de France, who lived in [[Colombes]], where she met her young cousin Anne, the future [[Anne of Great Britain|Queen Anne I of Great Britain]].

1669 saw the birth of a sister; 
*[[Anne Marie d'Orléans]] (27 August 1669 – 26 August 1728), the future Queen consort of Sardinia and the maternal grandmother of [[Louis XV of France]].

Marie Louise's mother died in 1670.  The following year, her father married [[Elizabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate]], ''Liselotte'', who became a real mother to Marie Louise and her younger sister Anne Marie. All her life, Marie Louise would maintain an affectionate correspondence with her stepmother. From her father's second marriage, she gained three other siblings.

*[[Alexandre Louis d'Orléans, Duke of Valois]] (2 June 1673 &ndash; 16 March 1676).
*[[Philippe II, Duke of Orléans|Philippe Charles d'Orléans]] (2 August 1674 &ndash; 2 December 1723),
**married  [[Françoise-Marie de Bourbon]], a legitimised daughter of Louis XIV
**became [[Regent]] of France during the minority of Louis XV.
*[[Élisabeth Charlotte d'Orléans]] (13 September 1676 &ndash; 24 December 1744),
**married [[Leopold, Duke of Lorraine]] and was the paternal grandmother of [[Marie Antoinette]].

As the eldest daughter of ''Monsieur'', Marie Louise was addressed as [[Fils de France|''Mademoiselle'']]. Her mother was known as ''Madame'', and was the most important lady at the French court after the Queen, [[Maria Theresa of Spain|Maria Teresa]]; her younger cousin [[Princess Marie Thérèse of France (1667–1672)|Marie Thérèse de France]], then her mother Princess Henriette Anne. 

Marie Louise, saw the construction of the [[Palace of Versailles]] in her youth and the reign of [[Françoise-Athénaïs, marquise de Montespan|Madame de Montespan]].

{| class="toccolours collapsible collapsed" width=100% align="center"
|-
! style="background:#ccccff;"|Family of Marie Louise in 1670
|-
|[[Image:Louis14-Family.jpg|600px|thumb|center|A mural commissioned around 1670 by Marie Louise's father, Philippe: it shows the [[House of Bourbon]] in around 1670 even though her grandmother and her mother were already dead. From left to right: Marie Louise's maternal grandmother, [[Henrietta Maria of France]]; her father Philippe, Marie Louise herself, her mother [[Henrietta Anne of England|Princess Henriette]] (d. 1670); grandmother, [[Anne of Austria]] (d. 1666), the Orléans daughters of [[Gaston, Duke of Orléans|Gaston d'Orléans]], [[Louis XIV of France|Louis XIV]], [[Louis, le Grand Dauphin]] with his mother [[Maria Theresa of Spain]] with her third daughter [[Princess Marie Thérèse of France (1667–1672)|Marie Thérèse de France]] (d. 1672) and her second son [[Philippe Charles, Duke of Anjou|Philippe Charles de France]] (d. 1671). Far right is ''[[Anne Marie Louise d'Orléans, Duchess of Montpensier|la Grande Mademoiselle]]''. The picture frame with the two children are the other two daughters of Louis and Maria Theresa who died in 1662 and 1664.]]
{{S-end}}

==Marriage==
[[File:Portrait of Marie Louise d'Orléans circa 1680 future Queen of Spain.jpg|thumb|left|Marie Louise]]
It has been said{{By whom|date=August 2010}} that she wanted to marry her cousin, [[Louis, Dauphin of France (1661-1711)|Louis]], the [[Dauphin of France]]; however, the surviving letters of her stepmother, [[Elizabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate|''Liselotte'']], prove that Marie Louise and the Dauphin were never in love. In any case, Europe was in an era of constant change and war. Her father and uncle were the informants of her marriage, which was seen as a way to induce better relations between France and Spain; the two nations had been on bad terms because of her uncle’s battles in the Spanish Netherlands. A famous, though inaccurate, scene occurred when the sixteen-year old girl was told that she was to be the Queen of Spain. Her uncle, Louis XIV, told her:

''I could not have done more for my own daughter'' to which Marie Louise replied: ''Yes sire, but you could have done more for your niece.''

The proxy marriage ceremony took place at the [[Palace of Fontainebleau]] on 30 August 1679; standing for the groom was her distant cousin [[Louis Armand I, Prince of Conti]]. Till mid-September there were a series of formal occasions in honor of the new Queen of Spain. Before leaving for Spain, Marie Louise went to the convent of [[Val-de-Grâce]] where the heart of her mother was kept. She would never return to France.

[[File:Detail of Auto de fe 1680.jpg|200px|thumb|right|King Charles II of Spain, his first wife Marie Louise d'Orléans and the Queen mother, Mariana of Austria, attend together an ''auto de fe'' from a balcony in Madrid's Plaza Mayor on 30 June 1680. Detail from ''Auto de fe'' (1683), painting by [[Francisco Rizi]]. [[Prado Museum]], [[Madrid]].]]
On 19 November 1679, Marie Louise d'Orléans' in-person marriage ceremony to [[Charles II of Spain|King Charles II of Spain]], took place in Quintanapalla, near [[Burgos]], [[Spain]]. This was the start of a very lonely existence at the Spanish court. Her new husband had fallen madly in love with her, whose beauty and charm were renowned, and his passion for her remained with him until the end of his life.<ref>[http://www.xs4all.nl/~kvenjb/madmonarchs/carlos2/carlos2_bio.htm Biography of Carlos II of Spain (1661-1700)<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> The very rigid etiquette of the Spanish Court (it was even forbidden to touch the Queen), and her unsuccessful attempts to bear a child, however, caused her to suffer from depression. 

Her French attendants were all accused of plotting against the king and his family and, as a result, one of her personal maids was tortured under allegations{{Citation needed|date=August 2010}}. Due to the nature of the times, and the Spanish Court’s hatred of the young French princess, there were even riots outside the Palace in Madrid where she resided. Far away from the glamor and lavish courts at Versailles, Saint-Cloud and Paris, her new residences were the dark and forbidding [[Royal Alcazar of Madrid]] (''Real Alcázar de Madrid'') and the more homely ''[[Buen Retiro Palace]]'' (''Palacio del Buen Retiro'') - a country palace where Marie Louise was allowed to keep her French horses. She also liked to spend time in the [[Royal Palace of Aranjuez]] (''Palacio Real de Aranjuez''), south of Madrid, which was probably her favourite residence.

In early 1688, a witness{{Who|date=August 2010}} wrote that when Charles and Marie Louise went to church to pray for children, they did so:

<blockquote>
''with such faith that even the stones would move in order to join them and ask God for the issue they desire.''
</blockquote>
Within the ten years of the couple's marriage, the couple had no children. Marie Louise confided in the French ambassador, that

<blockquote>
''she was really not a virgin any longer, but that as far as she could figure things, she believed she would never have children.''
</blockquote>

After years of trying and of increasing homesickness of her happy years in France with her family, Marie Louise turned to food. During the last years of her life, she became overweight{{Citation needed|date=August 2010}}. After horseback riding on 11 February 1689, she felt a severe pain in the abdomen which forced her to lie down the rest of the evening. She died the following night. According to a witness, on her deathbed Marie Louise said farewell to her husband: 

<blockquote>
''Your Majesty might have other wives, but no one will ever love you as I do.''
</blockquote>

===Aftermath===
[[File:Marie Louise of Orléans, Queen of Spain, lying in state (1689), by Sebastián Muñoz.JPG|200px|thumb|right|Marie Louise, Queen of Spain, lying in state in the Royal Alcazar of Madrid (1689), oil painting by Sebastián Muñoz.]]
The death of Marie Louise left her husband heartbroken. At the time, there were rumours that she had been poisoned by the notorious ''intrigante'' [[Olympia Mancini]], Countess of Soissons, at the behest of the dowager queen, [[Mariana of Austria]], her mother-in-law, because Marie Louise had not given birth to any children. This is questionable since Mariana and Marie Louise were close and the dowager queen was also devastated at the young queen's death. It seems likely that the real cause of Marie Louise's death was [[appendicitis]]. She died in her twenty-sixth year like her mother, and her niece, [[Princess Marie-Adélaïde of Savoy]].

Shortly after the Queen's death, the Spanish ministers began to look for a second wife for the King. The main candidates were the Italian princess [[Anna Maria Luisa de' Medici]] and the German princess [[Maria Anna of Neuburg]]. Upon showing the portraits of the princesses to [[Charles II of Spain|Charles]], the King observed:
<blockquote>
''The lady from Tuscany is pretty and the lady from Neuburg seems not to be ugly either.''
</blockquote>
But then Charles turned towards a portrait of the deceased Marie Louise and, sighing, said:
<blockquote>
''This lady was most beautiful.''
</blockquote>

==Ancestors==
{{ahnentafel
|collapsed=yes |align=center
|width=100%
|boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc;
|boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9;
|boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc;
|boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc;
|boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe;
|1= 1. '''Marie Louise of Orléans'''
|2= 2. [[Philippe I, Duke of Orléans|Philippe de France, Duke of Orléans]]
|3= 3. [[Henrietta Anne of England|Princess Henrietta Anne of England]]
|4= 4. [[Louis XIII of France]]
|5= 5. [[Anne of Austria|Infanta Anne of Austria]]
|6= 6. [[Charles I of England]]
|7= 7. [[Henrietta Maria of France|Princess Henrietta Maria of France]]
|8= 8. [[Henry IV of France]]
|9= 9. [[Marie de' Medici]]
|10= 10. [[Philip III of Spain]]
|11= 11. [[Margaret of Austria (1584-1611)|Margaret of Austria]]
|12= 12. [[James I of England]]
|13= 13. [[Anne of Denmark]]
|14= 14. [[Henry IV of France]] (= 8)
|15= 15. [[Marie de' Medici]] (= 9)
|16= 16. [[Antoine of Navarre|Antoine de Bourbon, Duke of Vendôme]]
|17= 17. [[Jeanne III of Navarre]]
|18= 18. [[Francesco I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany]]
|19= 19. [[Johanna of Austria]]
|20= 20. [[Philip II of Spain]]
|21= 21. [[Anna of Austria (1549-1580)|Anna of Austria]]
|22= 22. [[Charles II of Austria]]
|23= 23. [[Maria Anna of Bavaria (1551-1608)|Maria Anna of Bavaria]]
|24= 24. [[Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley]]
|25= 25. [[Mary, Queen of Scots]]
|26= 26. [[Frederick II of Denmark]]
|27= 27. [[Sofie of Mecklenburg-Schwerin]]
|28= 28. [[Antoine of Navarre|Antoine de Bourbon, Duke of Vendôme]] (= 16)
|29= 29. [[Jeanne III of Navarre]] (= 17)
|30= 30. [[Francesco I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany]] (= 18)
|31= 31. [[Johanna of Austria]] (= 19)
}}

==Bibliography==
{{Children of Philippe, Duke of Orléans}}
* Calvo Poyato, José, ''La vida y época de Carlos II el Hechizado'' (Barcelona: Editorial Planeta, 1998).
* Fisas, Carlos, ''Historias de las reinas de España: la Casa de Austria'' (Barcelona: Editorial Planeta, 1999).
* Gonzàlez-Doria, Fernando, ''Las reinas de España'' (Madrid: Trigo, 2003).
* Maura Gamazo, Gabriel, ''María Luisa de Orléans, Reina de España: leyenda e historia'' (Madrid: Saturnino Calleja).
* Maura Gamazo, Gabriel, ''Vida y reinado de Carlos II'' (Madrid: Espasa Calve, 1942).
* Pfandl, Ludwig, ''Carlos II'' (Madrid: Afrodisio Aguado, 1947).

==Titles, styles, honours and arms==
===Titles and Styles===

*'''26 March 1662 &ndash; 30 August 1679''' ''Her Royal Highness'' Mademoiselle
*'''30 August 1679 &ndash; 12 February 1689''' ''Her Majesty'' the Queen of Spain

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Commons category|Marie Louise d'Orléans}} 

==Titles==
{| class="toccolours collapsible collapsed" width=100% align="center"
|-
! style="background:#ccccff;"|Titles and Succession
|-
|
{{S-start}}
{{S-hou|[[House of Orléans]]|26 April|1662|12 February|1689|[[House of Capet]]}}
{{S-reg|fr}}
{{S-roy|es}}
{{Succession box|title=[[Royal Consorts of Spain|Queen Consort of Spain]]<br>[[Duchess of Brabant|Duchess Consort of Brabant]], [[Duchess of Guelders|Guelders]], [[Duchess of Limburg|Limburg]], [[Duke of Lothier|Lothier]] and [[List of consorts of Luxembourg|Luxembourg]]<br>[[Countess of Flanders|Countess Consort of Flanders]], [[Countess of Hainaut|Hainaut]] and [[List of consorts Namur|Namur]]|before=[[Mariana of Austria]]|after=[[Maria Anna of Neuburg]]| |years=1679-1689  }}
{{S-end}}

{{Princesses of France (House of Bourbon)}}
{{Spanish consorts}}
{{Princesses of Orléans}}
{{House of Bourbon (France)}}