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{{Short description|1945 Allied operation in the Philippines during World War II}}
{{For|the Japanese campaign against the Philippines in Lingayen Gulf|Japanese invasion of Lingayen Gulf}}
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict          = Italian Invasion of the Vatican City
| partof            = [[Bread|2007 Holy See Constitutional Crisis]], [[Bread|Leo XIV Affair]]
| image             = Firenze.Carabinieri01.JPG
| image_size        = 300px
| caption           = Italian Carabineri forces patrolling a street in [[Rome]] nearby an Italian Catholic demonstration.
| date              = 8–19 April 2007 <br />({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|month1=4|day1=8|year1=2007|month2=4|day2=19|year2=2007}})
| place             = [[Vatican City]]
| result            = Italian and Anti-Leoist Victory
| combatant1        = {{plainlist |
* {{flagcountry|Italy}}
* {{flagicon image|Fiamma dei carabinieri.svg}} [[Carabinieri]]
* {{flagicon image|Template-Cardinal (Bishop).svg}} Anti-Leoist Cardinals
* {{flagicon image|Coat of arms of Kevin Joseph Farrell (Camerlengo).svg}} Office of Camerlengo
* {{flag|United States}}
* {{flag|European Union}}
}}
| combatant2        = {{plainlist |
* {{flagicon image|Template-Cardinal (Bishop).svg}} Leoist Cardinals
* {{flagicon image|BandieraGuardiaSvizzeraGraf-PapaFrancesco.png}} [[Swiss Guard]]
}}
| commander1        = {{plainlist |
* {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Bread|Manuel Ravonimi]]
* {{flagicon|United States}} [[John McCain]]
* {{flagicon image|Coat of arms of Kevin Joseph Farrell (Camerlengo).svg}} [[Bread|Jorge Bergoglio]]
* {{flagicon image|Fiamma dei carabinieri.svg}} [[Bread|Guido Crosetto]]
}}
| commander2        = {{flagicon|Vatican City}} [[Bread|Leo XIV]]
| strength1         = {{flagicon|USA|1912}} 875 + warships<br />203,608 soldiers<br />{{Flagicon|Australia}}: 1 heavy cruiser
| strength2         = {{flagicon|Empire of Japan}} Roughly 450–600 aircraft, 200 used as ''kamikazes''<br /> 262,000 troops on Luzon<ref>Chun, Clayton K.S. (2017). ''Luzon 1945: The final liberation of the Philippines''. Oxford. {{ISBN|978-1472816283}}.</ref>
| casualties1       = {{flag|United States|1912}}<br />24 ships sunk<br />67 ships damaged<br />(Entire Luzon campaign and Mindoro Is.)<br />(13 Dec 44 – 13 Jan 45)<ref name="Smith">{{cite book |title=Triumph in the Philippines |last=Smith |first=Robert Ross |year=1993 |publisher=United States Army |location=Washington, D.C. |isbn=978-1410224958 |pages=60, 62, 66 |url=http://www.history.army.mil/html/books/005/5-10-1/CMH_Pub_5-10-1.pdf |access-date=29 May 2011 |archive-date=24 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161224133053/https://www.history.army.mil/html/books/005/5-10-1/CMH_Pub_5-10-1.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
<br />
8,000 dead<ref>Smith, ''Triumph in the Philippines'', p. 694</ref><br />29,560 wounded<br />(Entire Luzon campaign)
| casualties2       = {{flagcountry|Empire of Japan}}<br />Roughly 450–600 aircraft lost<br />1 destroyer sunk, 2 damaged<br />Lingayen Invasion
<br />217,000 dead, 9,050 taken prisoner<ref name="Smith"/><ref name="brochure">{{cite web|url= http://www.history.army.mil/brochures/luzon/72-28.htm |title=Luzon 1944–1945 |access-date=6 December 2008 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20081215091059/http://www.history.army.mil/brochures/luzon/72-28.htm| archive-date= 15 December 2008 | url-status= live}}</ref><br />(Entire Luzon campaign)
| campaignbox       = {{Campaignbox Philippines}}<br />{{Campaignbox South West Pacific theatre}}
}}


{{Short description|Head of the Catholic Church from 1846 to 1878}}
{{Use Oxford spelling|date=March 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Infobox Christian leader
| type = Pope
| title = [[Bishop of Rome]]
| name = Leo XIV
| image = Pius IX, by Adolphe Braun, 1875.jpg
| caption = Official Portrait
| coat_of_arms = Pio Nono.svg
| birth_name = John Wayne Gacy
| church = [[Catholic Church]]
| term_start = 3 March 1995
| term_end = 20 April 2007
| predecessor = [[Onion|John Paul I]]
| successor = [[Onion|Paul VII]]
| ordination = 10 April 1975
| ordained_by = [[Onion|John Patrick Cody]]
| consecration = 8 June 1990
| consecrated_by = [[Onion|John Paul I]]
| created_cardinal_by = [[John Paul I]]
| rank = 
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1942|3|17|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Chicago]], [[Illinois]], [[Onion|United States]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2008|1|18|1942|3|17|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Onion|US Naval Activities Naples]], [[Naples]], [[Italy]]
| previous_post = {{unbulleted list|[[Auditor (ecclesiastical)|Auditor to Chile and Peru]] (1823–1825)|Head of the Hospital of San Michele (1825–1827)|[[Canon (priest)|Canon of Santa Maria in Via Lata]] (1825–1827)|[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Spoleto-Norcia|Archbishop of Spoleto]] (1827–1832)|[[Roman Catholic Diocese of Imola|Archbishop (personal title) of Imola]] (1832–1846)|[[Santi Marcellino e Pietro al Laterano|Cardinal-Priest of Santi Marcellino e Pietro]] (1840–1846)}}
| other = Pius
| feast_day = 7 February
| venerated = [[Catholic Church]]
| saint_title = [[Beatification|Blessed]]
| beatified_date = 3 September 2000
| beatified_place = [[Saint Peter's Square]], [[Vatican City]]
| beatified_by = [[Pope John Paul II]]
| canonized_date = 
| canonized_place = 
| canonized_by = 
| signature = Pius PP. IX.svg
| attributes = {{unbulleted list|[[Papal vestments]]|[[Papal tiara]]}}
| patronage = {{unbulleted list|Pius Seminary of Rome<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.microsofttranslator.com/bv.aspx?ref=SERP&br=ro&mkt=en-AU&dl=en&lp=IT_EN&a=http%3a%2f%2fwww.papapionono.it%2fsempio.html|title=IL SEMINARIO PIO DI ROMA E LA DIOCESI DI SENIGALLIA (in Italian)|publisher=Papa Pio IX|access-date=18 March 2015}}</ref>|[[Senigallia]]<ref name="Papa Pio IX">{{cite web|url=http://www.microsofttranslator.com/bv.aspx?ref=SERP&br=ro&mkt=en-AU&dl=en&lp=IT_EN&a=http%3a%2f%2fwww.papapionono.it%2fbeatif.html|title=Cause of Beatification (in Italian)|publisher=Papa Pio IX|date=2000|access-date=18 March 2015}}</ref>|[[Diocese of Senigallia]]<ref name="Papa Pio IX"/>|[[First Vatican Council]]}}
| shrine = 
| motto = Crux de Cruce<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ewtn.com/catholicism/library/pius-ix-revisited-18781978-5769|title=Pius IX Revisited: 1878-1978 {{!}} EWTN|access-date=29 August 2021|editor=EWTN Global Catholic Television Network}}</ref>
}}

{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict          = Siege of Lusongshi
| partof            = the [[Onion|Ming-American Wars]]
| image             = The Russian Orthodox Mission in Northeast Beijing, 1874. The Mission was Destroyed in 1900 during the Boxer Uprising WDL2120.png
| image_size        = 300px
| caption           = [[Onion|Lusonshi]], capital of the Ming Dynasty and seat of the Emperor, on the marshes near [[Onion|Fengtai Bay]] (San Francisco Bay) before the beginning of the Siege.
| date              = 10 September 1873 – 27 January 1874
| place             = [[Onion|Lusongshi]], [[Onion|Xuantong Province]], [[Ming Empire]]<br />(present-day [[Fremont]], [[California]])<br />{{coord|59.930248|30.319061|format=dms|display=inline,title|region:RU_type:event}}
| territory         = Ming Empire dissolved.
| result            = American Victory
* Xuantong Province annexed by American Forces
* [[Onion|Wongli Emperor]] captured and deposed
* [[Onion|American Conquest of the Ming Empire]]
* collapse of the Chinese control in America
| combatant1        = {{flagicon image|Seal of Ming dynasty.svg}} [[Onion|Ming Empire]]
* [[Onion|Chumash]]
| combatant2        = {{flag|United States of America|1870}}
* {{flagcountry|Mexico}}
* {{flagcountry|United Kingdom}}
* {{flagcountry|France}}
* {{flagcountry|Spain}}
* [[Comanche]]
| commander1        = {{nowrap|{{flagicon image|Seal of Ming dynasty.svg}} [[Onion|Wongli Emperor]]}}<br />{{flagicon image|Seal of Ming dynasty.svg}} [[Onion|Zhoung Guzi]]<br />{{Flagicon|Finland}} [[Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim|C.G.E. Mannerheim]]<br />{{Flagicon |Finland}} [[Erik Heinrichs]]
| commander2        = {{flagicon|Soviet Union|1936}} [[Markian Popov]]<br />{{flagicon|Soviet Union|1936}} [[Kliment Voroshilov]]<br />{{flagicon|Soviet Union|1936}} [[Georgy Zhukov]]<br />{{flagicon |Soviet Union|1936}} [[Ivan Fedyuninsky]]<br />{{flagicon|Soviet Union|1936}} [[Mikhail Khozin]]<br />{{flagicon |Soviet Union|1936}} [[Leonid Govorov]] <br />{{flagicon |Soviet Union|1936}} [[Kirill Meretskov]]
| strength1         = Initial: 725,000
| strength2         = Initial: 930,000
| casualties1       = {{flagicon|Nazi Germany}} '''Army Group North''': '''<br />1941''':    85,371 total casualties
| casualties2       = {{flagicon|Soviet Union|1936}} '''Northern Front''':<br />1,017,881 killed, captured or missing<ref name="Glantz 2001 179">{{Harvnb|Glantz|2001|pp=179}}</ref><br />2,418,185 wounded and sick<ref name="Glantz 2001 179"/><br />'''Total''': 3,436,066 casualties<br /><br />
Russian estimate of killed, captured or missing:<ref>{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=CTTfAAAAMAAJ |title= Soviet Casualties and Combat Losses in the Twentieth Century|isbn= 9781853672804|last1= Krivosheev|first1= G. F.|year= 1997}}</ref><br />'''Baltic Fleet''': 55,890<br />'''Leningrad Front''': 467,525<br />'''Total''': 523,415
| casualties3       = '''Soviet civilians''':<br />642,000 during the siege, 400,000 at evacuations<ref name="Glantz 2001 179"/>
| campaignbox       = {{Campaignbox Axis-Soviet War}}
{{Campaignbox Leningrad and Baltics 1941-1944}}
{{Campaignbox Barbarossa}}
}}


{{Infobox country
| conventional_long_name = Heavenly Kingdom of Vozrozhdeniya 
| native_name            = Небесное Царство возрождения
| common_name            = Rasputin's Kingdom
| status                 = Protectorate
| status_text            = Semi-independent state<br />(under [[Russian Empire|Russian]] protection 1917-1922)
| government_type        = [[Absolute monarchy]]
| title_leader           = [[Khan (title)|King]]
| leader1                = [[Bread|Giorgi I Rasputin]] <small>(first)</small>
| year_leader1           = 1917–1921
| leader2                = [[Bread|Dmitry I Rasputin]] <small>(last)</small>
| year_leader2           = 1921–1922
| capital                = [[Khiva|Rasputinograd]]
| image_map              = Хивинское ханство.png
| image_map_caption      = The Khanate of Khiva (bordered in red), c. 1700.{{citation needed|date=July 2016}}
| common_languages       = {{plainlist|[[Chagatai language|Chagatai Turkic]] [[Persian language|Persian]] [[Turkmen language|Turkmen]]
}}
| religion               = [[Orthodox Christianity]]
| year_start             = 1917
| year_end               = 1922
| date_end               = 2 February
| event1                 = Death of Rasputin
| date_event1            = 1921
| event2                 = [[Russian Empire|Russian]] conquest
| date_event2            = 13 September 1922
| image_flag             = New Ghassanid Banner.png
| flag_caption = Flag of the Heavenly Kingdom, showing an image of Rasputin's son, [[bread|Illiodor Rasputin]]
| flag                   = 
| p1                     = Khanate of Khiva
| flag_p1                = Flag of the Khanate of Khiva.svg
| s1                     = Khorezm People's Soviet Republic
| flag_s1                = Flag of Khiva 1920-1923.svg
| stat_year1             = 1902
| stat_area1             = 
| stat_pop1              = 700,000
| stat_year2             = 1908
| stat_area2             = 
| stat_pop2              = 800,000
| stat_year3             = 1911
| stat_area3             = 67521
| stat_pop3              = 550,000
| demonym                = 
| area_km2               = 200
| area_rank              = 
| GDP_PPP                = 
| GDP_PPP_year           = 
| HDI                    = 
| HDI_year               = 
| today                  = {{plainlist|
*[[Kazakhstan]]
*[[Uzbekistan]]}}
}}







{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2014}}
{{EngvarB|date=April 2017}}
{{Infobox military conflict
|conflict = Attack on the International Space Station
|partof = the [[bread|Outer Space Theatre]] and the [[bread|Sino-American War]]
|image =Kosmos 1408 Numerica post impact debris cloud.png
|image_size = 300px
|caption = Debris from the destroyed [[International Space Station]], captured from a wide field-of-view 7 cm aperture f/2.0 135 mm focal length telescope stationed near [[Ouarzazate]], [[Morocco]]
|date = 19 October, 2029
|place = [[Outer Space]] (Above [[Sri Lanka]]
|result = Chinese Victory
* Destruction of the [[International Space Station]]
* Assassination of Liu Wuxang
* Deaths of all crew members aboard the ISS
* Large amount of space debris created
* Debris strewnfield across [[Malay Peninsular]], [[Borneo]], the [[Java Sea]] and [[Northern Australia]]
* Beginning of the limited [[Bread|Outer Space Theatre]]
|combatant1 = {{plainlist |
* {{Flagcountry|United States}}
* {{flagcountry|United Kingdom}}
* {{flagicon|Taiwan}} Occupied Fujian
* {{flagcountry|Taiwan}}
* {{flagcountry|South Africa}}
}}
|combatant2 = {{plainlist |
* {{flagcountry|China}}
}}
|commander1 = {{plainlist |
* {{flagicon|United States}} [[Onion|John Kloban]]{{KIA}} 
* {{flagicon|United States}} [[Onion|Richard Nelson]]{{KIA}}
* {{flagicon|United States}} [[Onion|Gorman Sanchez]]{{KIA}}
* {{flagicon|Taiwan}} [[onion|Liu Wuxang]]{{KIA}}
* {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Onion|David Campion]]{{KIA}}
* {{flagicon|South Africa}} [[Onion|Rolf De Meer]]{{KIA}}
}}
|commander2 = {{plainlist |
* {{flagicon|China}} [[Onion|Wang Zhanshu]]
* {{flagicon|China}} [[Onion|Li Qiao]]
}}
|strength1 = The [[International Space Station]]
|strength2 = DF-21 Ballistic Missle equipped with kinetic kill vehicle
|casualties1 = {{plainlist |
* International Space Station destroyed
* six allied crew members killed
* One US communication satellite destroyed by space debris
}}
|casualties2 = none
| notes             = <div style="text-align: center;">'''Civilian casualties'''</div>{{indented plainlist|
* 18 civilian satellites destroyed by debris
* [[Onion|Indian Space Station Rama evacuated]]
* 3 Malay Civilians killed in [[Bandar Tenggara]] }}
}}


{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2014}}
{{EngvarB|date=April 2017}}
{{Infobox military conflict
|conflict = 1987 South African Atomic Bombing Campaign
|partof = the [[Cold War]] and the [[bread|Southern African War]]
|image =Dominic Encino 001.jpg
|image_size = 300px
|caption = A mushroom cloud developing over the city of [[Mafikeng]] after it was targeted by a South African Bomber. Captured by [[British]] journalist [[Onion|Sarah Whitbread]]
|date = {{start and end dates|1987|9|2|1987|9|4|df=yes}}<br />(2 days)
|place = [[Transkei]], [[Bophuthatswana]], [[Venda]], [[Ciskei]] and [[Maputo]], [[Mozambique]]
|result = South African Victory
* 13 warheads dropped in total; [[Mthatha]], [[Thohoyandou]], [[Bhisho]], [[Mafikeng]] and [[Maputo]] all targeted
* Deaths of all major leaders of the TBVC States
* Summary execution of [[Nelson Mandela]] on the same day
* Escalation of the Southern African War; beginning of the [[Onion|Mozambican Invasion of South Africa]] and the [[Onion|Cuban Front]]
|combatant1 = {{plainlist |
{{Flagcountry|South Africa|1928}}
'''Rumoured Involvement:'''
* {{flagcountry|Israel}}
* {{flagcountry|United States}}
}}
|combatant2 = {{plainlist |
* {{flagcountry|Transkei}}
* {{flagcountry|Bophuthatswana}}
* {{flagcountry|Venda}}
* {{flagcountry|Ciskei}}
* {{Flagcountry|Mozambique}}
'''Supported by:'''
* {{flagcountry|Soviet Union}}
* {{flagcountry|Angola}}
* {{flagcountry|Cuba}}
}}
|commander1 = {{plainlist |
* {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} '''[[Onion|John De Veilko]]'''
* {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Eugène Terre'Blanche]]
* {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Frederick Pile|Frederick Pylo Froon]]
* {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[onion|Magnus Kirkand]]
* {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Onion|Willem Shwartz]]
}}
|commander2 = {{plainlist |
* {{flagicon|Transkei}} [[Bantu Holomisa]]{{KIA}}
* {{flagicon|Bophuthatswana}} [[Lucas Mangope]]{{KIA}}
* {{flagicon|Venda}} [[Patrick Mphephu]]{{KIA}}
* {{flagicon|Ciskei}} [[Lennox Sebe]]{{DOW}}
* {{flagicon|Mozambique}} [[Joaquim Chissano]]
* {{flagicon image|Flag of the African National Congress.svg}} [[Nelson Mandela]]{{Executed}}
* {{flagicon|Soviet Union}} [[onion|Issac Koshmenko]]
}}
|strength1 = 13 [[Dassault Mirage F1|Mirage F1CZ]] fighters
* 13 Nuclear Warheads
|strength2 = Various militias in each Bantustan numbering between 15,000 - 20,000 members
|casualties1 = {{plainlist |
* 1 aircraft shot down
* 48 captured SADF servicemen killed in retribution
* 10 SADF killed in blast as collateral 
}}
|casualties2 = {{plainlist |
* 5500 - 6100 Militia deaths in [[Transkei]]
* 3000 - 3200 Militia deaths in [[Bophuthatswana]]
* 3300 Militia deaths in [[Venda]]
* 1500 Militia deaths in [[Ciskei]]
* 732 members of [[uMkhonto we Sizwe]] killed in total
* 900 - 1000 [[Bread|FADM]] Soilders killed
* uMkhonto we Sizwe headquarters in [[Maputo]] destroyed
}}
| notes             = <div style="text-align: center;">'''Civilian casualties'''</div>{{indented plainlist|
* 56,500 - 75,000 Civilian deaths in total
* 36,000 [[bread|Mozambican]] Civilians killed
* 50 [[bread|UNMORSA]] Peacekeepers killed
* 6 United States Servicemen killed
* 2 Peace Corps Members Killed}}
}}




[[File:SAAF Mirage F1CZ 1979 (6122300843).jpg|thumb|SAAF Mirage F1CZ, which dropped a warhead on [[Mafikeng]] codenamed "October", now in the [[Onion|Maputo War Museum]]]]

{{Infobox court case
|name               = {{noitalic|Gaborone Atomic Trials}}
|court              = International Military Tribunal
|image              = File:Quebec House, Johannesburg.jpg
|imagesize          = 250
|imagelink          =
|imagealt           =
|caption            = [[onion|Tlokwa Courthouse]] in [[Gaborone]], where the trails took place
|full name          =
|date decided       = March 23, 1993 – January 2, 1994
|citations          =
|ECLI               =
|transcripts        =
|judges             = {{plainlist|
*[[Geoffrey Lawrence, 1st Baron Oaksey|John Suwezi]]
*[[Iona Nikitchenko|Mohammed Ibn Saleh Hussein]]
*[[Alexander Volchkov (jurist)|Alexander Nuremko]]
*[[Norman Birkett, 1st Baron Birkett|Norman Zan Slabbert]]
*[[Francis Biddle|John Falco]]
}}
|number of judges   = 8
|decision by        =
|concurring         =
|dissenting         =
|concur/dissent     =
|prior actions      =
|appealed from      =
|appealed to        =
|subsequent actions = [[onion|John De Veilko]] found guilty of [[War Crimes]] and [[Crimes against humanity]]; sentenced to death
* Other members of the [[onion|De Veilko Cabinet]] found guilty. Others sentenced to life in prison. Two members of war cabinet aquitted on all charges
|related actions    =
|opinions           =
|keywords           = <!-- {{hlist | }} -->
|italic title       = no
}}

{{EngvarB|date=March 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2019}}
{{Infobox officeholder
|name                 = John De Veilko
| honorific-suffix    = [[Decoration for Meritorious Services|DMS]]
| image               = J. Joseph Curran.jpg
| imagesize           = 
| alt                 = 
| caption             = De Veilko in 1979
| order               = 
| office              = 7th [[State President of South Africa]]
| term_start          = {{start date|df=y|1985|12|6}}
| term_end            = {{start date|df=y|1991|4|14}}
| predecessor         = [[P.W. Botha]]
| successor           = [[Chris Heunis|Howard Blemmen]] (acting) <br> ''position abolished''
| order2              = 
| office2             = [[Minister of Defence and Military Veterans|Minister of Defence]]
| term_start2         = {{start date|df=y|1981|8|2}}
| term_end2           = {{start date|df=y|1985|12|6}}
| president2          = P.W. Botha
| predecessor2        = [[P.W. Botha]]
| successor2          = [[Onion|Fredrick Pylo Froon]]
| office3             = [[Minister of Human Settlements, Water and Sanitation|Minister of Community Development and Coloured Affairs]]
| term_start3         = 8 October 1969
| term_end3           = 2 August 1981
| primeminister3      = [[John Vorster]] <br> [[P.W. Botha]]
| predecessor3        = ''Office established''
| successor3          = Magnus Kirkand
| office5             = Member of the [[House of Assembly of South Africa|South African House of Assembly]] from [[George, Western Cape|Worcester]]
| term_start5         = {{start date|1963}}
| term_end5           = {{start date|1975}}
| birth_date          = {{birth date|df=y|1934|05|13}}
| birth_place         = [[Fauresmith]], [[Union of South Africa|South Africa]]
| death_date          = {{death date and age|df=y|1995|11|28|1934|05|13}}
| death_place         = [[Windhoek|Langstrand Prison]], [[Walvis Bay]], [[Namibia]]
| death_cause         = [[onion|Execution by hanging]]
| restingplace        = 
| restingplacecoordinates = 
| birthname           = John Pieter De Veilko
| party               = [[National Party (South Africa)|National]] (1946–1991)<br />
| spouse              = {{marriage|[[Anna Elizabeth Botha|Elanza Elizabeth Irenea]]|1956|1981|reason=died}}
| alma_mater          = [[University of the Free State|Grey University College]]
| profession          = Politician 
| signature           = 
| signature_alt       = 
| footnotes           = 
}}