Utopia (typeface)
 | |
| Category | Serif |
|---|---|
| Classification | Transitional |
| Designer(s) | Robert Slimbach |
| Commissioned by | Adobe Systems |
| Date released | 1989 |
| Shown here | Utopia Regular |
Utopia is the name of a transitional serif typeface designed by Robert Slimbach, who worked at Adobe Systems, and which was released in 1989.[1]
It was one of the first typefaces to be part of the collection of selected fonts called Adobe Originals. New versions of the typeface are released in the OpenType format and include variations in design (generally with more than the basic two weights, ligatures, optical variants, and small capitals, among other features), in what Adobe calls an Expert Set of typefaces.
Release as free software and controversy
Initial donation to the X Consortium
In 1992, Adobe Systems donated the Utopia typeface (in the form of PostScript Type 1 files) to the X Consortium, for use in the X Window System, a popular graphical environment for Unix workstations.[2]
There was controversy around the license regarding the status of the font files as free software. Many distributors (with one of the prominent being the Debian project), to prevent being sued, opted to state clearly that the fonts had a non-clear license which prevented it from being freely redistributable with modifications.[3]
Rerelease with clarified license to the TeX Users Group
After considerable debate, Adobe formally donated the Type 1 version of the font, on October 11, 2006, to the TeX Users Group (TUG), with clarified concerns regarding its use licensing, so that it could be used with, for instance, Donald Knuth's program TeX, a digital typesetting system for computers. The version donated consisted of the Roman (Regular), Italic, Bold, and Bold Italic versions of the typeface, differently from the commercial version offered as part of the Adobe Originals Pack.[4]
On November 17, 2006, Karl Berry, the TeX Users Group President, gave irrevocable permissions of the font to any third party and it constitutes free software, provided that the fonts derived from it don't carry the name trademarked by Adobe.[5]
The OpenType version that Adobe now distributes commercially were based on modifications of the PostScript fonts, and Adobe does not guarantee that the font metrics are the same. This potential change of font metrics which can lead typesetting programs (like Adobe InDesign or TeX) to break lines of texts in different places, resulting in documents with different number of pages, depending on the version of the fonts used. For high-end typesetting, such differences can be important, especially regarding variations in different printings (if fonts with the same metrics are not used) and also problems with generation of indices.
Derived typefaces
The original Utopia typeface has, since being released as free software, been improved to support glyphs in scripts other than the basic Latin script: at least two projects have emerged from the sources that Adobe has donated, one being an adaptation to Vietnamese, called Vntopia, by Hàn Thế Thành.[6]
Another further development of the original was made by Andrey V. Panov, in a derivative called Heuristica (also: "Эвристика"), with the primary intent of adding Cyrillic symbols. Andrey has also incorporated Hàn Thế Thành's Vietnamese glyphs in Heuristica and the development of the project is open.[7]
Lawsuit
From 1995 to 1997, Adobe filed several complaints against Southern Software, Inc. regarding the latter company's use of the Utopia font, under the name "Veracity", in its products. In 1998, the United States District Court for the Northern District of California ruled in favor of Adobe, finding that Southern Software, Inc.'s font software infringed Adobe's copyright. Although typefaces are held to be unprotectable by copyright under United States copyright law, the court found that the control points used by the font software to generate the typeface were protectable.
References
- ^ "Read Me". Adobe.com. Retrieved 2011-08-04.
- ^ Paul Asente, from Adobe, stating the availability of Utopia for use with the X Window System [1]
- ^ "[texhax] Re: question re. the license of Adobe Utopia". tug.org. 2005-09-21. Retrieved 2011-08-04.
- ^ As a side effect of the fact that Adobe distributed the fonts as free software, improvements and extra features can be incorporated to the font—and have already been done so with software like FontForge.
- ^ Karl Berry, Announcement of sublicensing of Utopia, without restrictions [2]
- ^ "Các tin đáng chú ý". vntex.sourceforge.net. Retrieved 2011-08-04.
- ^ "evristika - Heuristica is extended version of Adobe Utopia font". code.google.com. Retrieved 2011-08-04.
External links
- Utopia available for free download (note: these are .pfa files and may require conversion to be installable on your system)