Victimae paschali laudes
Victimae paschali laudes is a sequence prescribed for the Roman Catholic Mass and liturgical Protestant Eucharists of Easter Sunday. It is usually attributed to the 11th century Wipo of Burgundy, chaplain to the German Emperor Conrad II, but has also been attributed to Notker Balbulus, Robert II of France, and Adam of St. Victor.
Victimae Paschali Laudes is one of only four medieval sequences that were preserved in the Missale Romanum published in 1570 after the Council of Trent (1545-63). The three others were the "Veni Sancte Spiritus" for the feast of Pentecost, "Lauda Sion" for Corpus Christi, and the "Dies Irae" for the Requiem Mass (a fifth sequence, the "Stabat Mater" for the Feast of the Seven Dolours of the Blessed Virgin Mary, was added to the missal by Pope Benedict XIII in 1727[1]). Before Trent, many other feasts also had their own sequences,[2] and some 16 different sequences for Easter were in use.[3]
Victimae Paschali Laudes is one of the few sequences that are still in liturgical use today. Its text was set to different music by many Renaissance and Baroque composers, including Busnois, Josquin, Lassus, Willaert, Hans Buchner, Palestrina, Byrd, Perosi, and Fernando de las Infantas. Lutheran chorales derived from Victimae Paschali Laudes include Christ ist erstanden (12th century) and Martin Luther's Christ lag in Todes Banden.
The section beginning "Credendum est," with its pejorative reference to the Jews, was deleted in the 1570 missal, which added an amen.
Text
Latin
Victimae paschali laudes
immolent Christiani.
Agnus redemit oves:
Christus innocens Patri
reconciliavit peccatores.
Mors et vita duello
conflixere mirando:
dux vitae mortuus,
regnat vivus.
Dic nobis Maria,
quid vidisti in via?
Sepulcrum Christi viventis,
et gloriam vidi resurgentis:
Angelicos testes,
sudarium, et vestes.
Surrexit Christus spes mea:
praecedet suos in Galilaeam.
[Credendum est magis soli
Mariae veraci
Quam Judaeorum Turbae fallaci.]
Scimus Christum surrexisse
a mortuis vere:
tu nobis, victor Rex, miserere.
Amen.
English
Christians, to the Paschal victim
offer your thankful praises!
A lamb the sheep redeemeth:
Christ, who only is sinless,
reconcileth sinners to the Father.
Death and life have contended
in that combat stupendous:
the Prince of life, who died,
reigns immortal.
Speak, Mary, declaring
what thou sawest, wayfaring:
"The tomb of Christ, who is living,
the glory of Jesus' resurrection;
"Bright angels attesting,
the shroud and napkin resting.
"Yea, Christ my hope is arisen;
to Galilee he will go before you."
[Happy they who bear the witness
Mary's word believing
above the tales of Jewry deceiving.]
Christ indeed from death is risen,
our new life obtaining;
have mercy, victor King, ever reigning!
Amen.
Translation (except for the words in brackets) The English Hymnal, 1906
Template:Multicol-end Template:Multicol
Media
Footnotes
- ^ Heartz, Daniel (1995). Haydn, Mozart and the Viennese School: 1740-1780. W.W. Norton & Co. p. 305. ISBN 0-393-03712-6. Retrieved 3 April 2011.
{{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - ^ David Hiley, Western Plainchant : A Handbook (OUP, 1993), II.22, pp.172-195
- ^ Joseph Kehrein, Lateinische Sequenzen des Mittelalters (Mainz 1873) pp78-90
External links
- Victimae paschali laudes from both Codex Las Huelgas (c. 1300-25) and Missale Romanum (1570) (PDF format).
- Settings and translations at Choralwiki
- Catholic Encyclopedia article