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West Coast Region

Coordinates: 42°36′S 171°24′E / 42.6°S 171.4°E / -42.6; 171.4
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West Coast Regional Council
Country: New Zealand
Regional Council
Name: West Coast Regional Council
Chair: Ross Scarlett
Population: 32,500 June 2018[1]
Land Area: 23,276 km²
Website: www.wcrc.govt.nz
Towns
Names: Greymouth, Hokitika, Westport, Reefton, Karamea, Kumara, Fox Glacier, Haast, Okuru, Jackson Bay
Constituent Territorial Authorities
Names: Buller, Grey and

Westland

Websites: http://www.bullerdc.govt.nz
http://www.greydc.govt.nz
http://www.westland.govt.nz

The West Coast ([Te Tai Poutini] Error: {{Lang-xx}}: text has italic markup (help)) is one of the administrative regions of New Zealand, located on the west coast of the South Island, and is one of the more remote and most sparsely populated areas of the country. It is made up of three districts: Buller, Grey and Westland. The principal towns are Westport, Greymouth and Hokitika.

Naming

  • To New Zealanders, 'The Coast' generally refers to the West Coast of the South Island, and 'Coasters' to those that live there.[2][3]

Geography

A map showing population density in the West Coast Region at the 2006 census.

The West Coast region reaches from Kahurangi Point in the north to Awarua Point in the south, a distance of 600 km. To the west is the Tasman Sea (which like the Southern Ocean is known to be very rough, with 4 metre swells being common), and to the east are the Southern Alps. Much of the land is rugged, although there are coastal plains around which much of the population resides.

Pancake Rocks, Punakaiki, West Coast

The land is very scenic, with wild coastlines, mountains, and a very high proportion of native bush, much of it native temperate rain forest. The West Coast is the only part of New Zealand where significant tracts of lowland forest remain-elsewhere, for instance on the Canterbury Plains and in the Firth of Thames, they have been almost completely destroyed for settlement and agriculture. Scenic areas include the Haast Pass, Fox and Franz Josef Glaciers, the Pancake Rocks at Punakaiki and the Heaphy Track.

The region has a very high rainfall due to the prevailing northwesterly wind pattern and the location of the Southern Alps – these two elements give rise to heavy orographic precipitation. The flip side to this is the rain shadow effect which is responsible for the relatively arid climate of the Canterbury Plains on the other side of the Southern Alps.

The region's area is 23,000 km². It is divided into the three districts of Buller, Grey and Westland.

Economy

The sub-national GDP of the West Coast region was estimated at US$779 million in 2003, 1% of New Zealand's national GDP.[4]

History

Dillmanstown, a gold mining town on the West Coast.

The West Coast was home to Māori, who valued it for the greenstone (pounamu) which was found there in abundance.

The West Coast was only occasionally visited by early Europeans until the discovery of gold near the Taramakau River in 1864 by two Māori, Ihaia Tainui and Haimona Taukau. By the end of the year there were an estimated 1800 prospectors on the West Coast, many of them around the Hokitika area, which, in 1866, became briefly the most populous settlement in New Zealand.

The present-day region of the West Coast was divided between Nelson Province and Canterbury Province from 1853, but in 1873 the Canterbury portion of the region formed its own province, the Westland Province, until the abolition of the provincial system in 1876.

The West Coast Gold Rush between 1864 and 1867 created numerous gold rush towns such as Okarito which at one time was the largest town on the West Coast but then quickly almost vanished as miners moved on. After that time, the population dwindled, but the main towns that still exist on the coast had become established.

Following greenstone and gold, the next mineral to make the West Coast valuable was coal. Discovered near the Buller River in the mid 1840s, mining began in earnest during the 1860s. By the 1880s, coal had become the region’s main industry, with mines throughout the northern half of the region, especially around Westport. Many of these continued in operation until the mid 20th century, and several survive today.

Cape Foulwind near Westport

Timber has also long been a major industry in the region, although in recent years there has been an uneasy balance between forestry for wood and forestry for conservation. Much of the region is public land administered by the Department of Conservation and the region has some of the best remaining stands of native forest, along with a wealth of rare wildlife. Ecotourism is now an important industry in the region, and this goes hand in hand with the conservation efforts.

Habitation

Human

Typical rugged coastline of the West Coast.
Typical weather of the West Coast.

The region is sparsely populated, especially in the south, with the 2006 census recording 31,326 inhabitants, up from 30,303 in 2001, although not as high as the 1996 figure.

Major towns on the West Coast are Greymouth, Westport, and Hokitika. At one time, during the gold rush days, Hokitika had a population of more than 25,000 and boasted more than 100 pubs. A recreation of an early New Zealand settlement can be found at Shantytown.

Industries on the West Coast include mining for coal and alluvial gold, forestry and wood processing, and also fishing (including whitebaiting), tourism and farming. Dairy farming has grown strongly – the local dairy co-operative Westland Milk Products remained independent when most others merged to form Fonterra in 2001. Other industries are the manufacturing and sales of greenstone jewellery, sphagnum moss gathering and stone-collection for garden landscaping. Monteith's brewery is located in Greymouth. The West Coast also has one of the strongest growing regional economies of New Zealand, as of 2007,[5] though from a rather small base.

The West Coast has been numbered among the "Top 10 Coastal Drives of the World" by Lonely Planet.[6]

Flora and fauna

The West Coast is also notable for being the only New Zealand nesting place of the White Heron / Kotuku, which nests near the Okarito Lagoon and can be visited from tours operating out of the small farming township of Whataroa. This rare bird appears on the New Zealand $2 coin.[7]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Subnational Population Estimates: At 30 June 2019". Statistics New Zealand. 22 October 2019. Retrieved 11 January 2020. For urban areas, "Subnational population estimates (UA, AU), by age and sex, at 30 June 1996, 2001, 2006–18 (2017 boundaries)". Statistics New Zealand. 23 October 2018. Retrieved 23 October 2018.
  2. ^ West Coast – Regional Information (from 'New Zealand Tourism Online' website)
  3. ^ The West Coast New Zealand (from 'A New Zealand Travel Guide' website)
  4. ^ "Regional Gross Domestic Product". Statistics New Zealand. 2007. Retrieved 18 February 2010.
  5. ^ History (from the Buller District Council website)
  6. ^ "West Coast, New Zealand official site: Find activities, accommodation, events". Westcoastnz.com. Retrieved 2012-10-16.
  7. ^ New Zealand Coinage Specifications (from the Reserve Bank of New Zealand website. Accessed 2008-03-26.)
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42°36′S 171°24′E / 42.6°S 171.4°E / -42.6; 171.4

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