View source for West Cornwall Steam Ship Company

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2017}}
{{Use British English|date=March 2017}}
{{ infobox company
| name             = West Cornwall Steam Ship Company
| logo             = 
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| fate             = 
| predecessor      = 
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| foundation       = 5 September 1870
| founder          = 
| defunct          = 1917
| location_city    = 
| location_country = 
| location         = [[Penzance]], [[Cornwall]]
| locations        = 
| area_served      = [[Isles of Scilly]]
| key_people       = 
| industry         = Passenger transportation<br>Freight transportation
| products         = Ferry, Freight Vessels
| services         = Ferry Service, Freight Service, Mail
| revenue          = 
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}}

The '''West Cornwall Steam Ship Company''' was established in 1870 to operate ferry services between [[Penzance]], [[Cornwall]], and the [[Isles of Scilly]]. It became the '''West Cornwall Steamship Company''' in 1907 and was wound up in 1917.

==History==
The company was formed on 5 February 1870, principally by the shareholders in the [[West Cornwall Railway]]. The following year it took over the "Little Western" from the [[Scilly Isles Steam Navigation Company]] which had been operating on the route since 1858.

An advertisement in ''[[The Cornishman (newspaper)|The Cornishman]]'' newspaper on 25 July 1878 gives the timetable for the [[Royal Mail Ship|Royal Mail Steamers]] ''Queen of the Bay'' and the ''Lady of the Isles''. Depending on ″wind and other circumstances″ there were sailings from Penzance to Scilly on Tuesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays at 11:15 am and from Scilly to Penzance on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays at 09:30 am. Fares were 7s (equivalent to £{{formatnum:{{Inflation|UK|0.35|1878|{{Inflation-year|UK}}|r=2}}}} in {{Inflation-year|UK}}),{{Inflation-fn|UK|df=y}} for the saloon (10s 6d (equivalent to £{{formatnum:{{Inflation|UK|0.525|1878|{{Inflation-year|UK}}|r=2}}}} in {{Inflation-year|UK}}){{Inflation-fn|UK|df=y}} return) and fore-cabin 5s (equivalent to £{{formatnum:{{Inflation|UK|0.25|1878|{{Inflation-year|UK}}|r=2}}}} in {{Inflation-year|UK}}){{Inflation-fn|UK|df=y}} (7s 6d (equivalent to £{{formatnum:{{Inflation|UK|0.375|1878|{{Inflation-year|UK}}|r=2}}}} in {{Inflation-year|UK}}){{Inflation-fn|UK|df=y}} return).<ref>{{cite news|title=Shipping|work=The Cornishman|date=25 July 1878|page=1}}</ref> The sailings for the 1878/79 winter service was Penzance for Scilly on Wednesdays and Saturdays at 11:15 am, and leaving Scilly on Mondays and Thursdays at 9:30 am.<ref>{{cite news|title=Advertisement - Penzance and the Scilly Islands|work=The Cornishman|issue=26|date=9 January 1879|page=2}}</ref> For the first time, each of the ferries sailed daily (bar Sunday) from either Hugh Town or Penzance in 1879.<ref>{{cite news|title=Advertisement|work=The Cornishman|issue=41|date=24 April 1879|page=8}}</ref> On Thursday 22 May 1879 the ''Lady of the Isles'' made record time for the journey from [[Hugh Town]] to Penzance with a time of 3 hours 12 minutes.<ref>{{cite news|title=Fastest Passage on Record of the Scilly Steamer|work=The Cornishman|issue=46|date=29 May 1879|page=7}}</ref>

The accounts for the year ending June 1881 gives the principal items of income at that time. They were, passenger receipts £1415, fish £1498, vegetables £263, merchandise £786, towing £106, mail £450 and stores £26. The total revenue was £4631 (up from £4232 lat year) and expenditure was £3700 (£4149 last year).<ref>{{cite news|title=West Cornwall Steamship Company|work=The Cornishman|issue=162|date=18 August 1881|page=7}}</ref>

Following financial problems the company was acquired by John Banfield who set up the '''West Cornwall Steamship Company''' in 1907. He already operated two steam launches around the islands, ''Seagull'' and ''Siva'', to which he added a 120-ton sailing ship, the ''Golden Light''. The company sold the remaining ferry operating to Penzance and was wound up in 1917.

Steam services to the islands were hastily arranged by the Government chartering the ''Lapwing'' from a [[River Clyde|Clyde]] operator until a new [[Isles of Scilly Steamship Company]] could take over in 1920.

==Vessels==

===''Little Western''===
The [[SS Little Western (1858)|''Little Western'']] had been launched in 1858, and transferred from the Scilly Isles Steam Navigation Company to the West Cornwall company in 1871 for the sum of £2,640 (equivalent to £{{formatnum:{{Inflation|UK|2640|1871|{{Inflation-year|UK}}|r=0}}}} in {{Inflation-year|UK}}).{{Inflation-fn|UK|df=y}} Captain Tregarthen was captain of the ''Little Western'' from 1859-1870. He had introduced the first sloop, ''Ariadne'', to service [[Hugh Town]] from Penzance in 1849.<ref>Uren, J G (1907). Scilly and the Scillonians. UK. Rare Books Club. {{ISBN|978-1152596214}}</ref>  [[Tregarthen's Hotel]] stands on the site of his home and is a Hugh Town icon.  ''Little Western'' was wrecked on the Wells Reef on 6 October 1872.<ref name="Carter">{{cite book|last=Carter|first=C.|title=The Port of Penzance: a history|year=1998|publisher=Black Dwarf Publications|location=Lydney|isbn=0-9533028-0-6}}</ref>

===''Earl of Arran''===
The [[PS Earl of Arran (1860)|''Earl of Arran'']] was a paddle steamer built by Blackwood & Gordon (Yard No. 37) in Paisley in 1860 for service at [[Ardrossan]] and the [[Isle of Arran]] in [[Scotland]]. She moved to Penzance in 1870 but was wrecked in July 1872 on Irishman's Ledge to the west of [[Eastern Isles|Nornour]]. She was 140 feet long and displaced 148 gross registered tons and her rusting boilers can still be seen at low tide on the west shore of Nornour.<ref>{{cite book|last=Reid|first=Neil|title=Isles of Scilly Guidebook|year=2016|publisher=Friendly Guides|isbn=978-1-904645-34-4}}</ref>

===''Guide''===
[[PS Guide (1869)|''Guide'']] was a wooden-hulled paddle steamer leased following the loss of the West Cornwall's two ships in 1872. It was built in 1869 for the [[River Dart Steamboat Co Ltd#Dartmouth Steam Packet Co Ltd|Dartmouth Steam Packet Company]] by John Henry Warren for [[Harvey & Co]], Hayle. Length 97.7 feet; Beam 19.8 feet; Depth 9 feet. It has a single-cylinder engine by Harvey of Hayle.

It was kept in service by the West Cornwall Steam Ship Company until 1875.

It was sold to Jackson and Ford of London and Milford in 1877, then Joseph Lawson of South Shields in 1883. In 1888 it was resold to John & David Morris, Pelaw Main and was reconstructed and converted to screw by Abbot & Co of Gateshead and renamed Jubilant. On 27 Nov 1897 it sailed from Maldon for the Tyne and its fate is unknown.

===''Queen of the Bay''===
The paddle steamer [[PS Queen of the Bay (1867)|''Queen of the Bay'']] was built 1867 by Henderson, Colbourn and Company at [[Renfrew]] for William Alcock of [[Morecambe]] as an excursion paddle steamer with a passenger capacity of 195. She saw service in [[Morecambe Bay]], [[Lancashire]] and then transferred to William Allsup of [[Preston, Lancashire|Preston]] for use at [[Blackpool]] in 1872, before being purchased in 1873 and transferred to Penzance in 1875, after being re-boilered by Harvey's of Hayle. She was 131 feet 6 inches, 136 tons and had a single diagonal paddle.

On 7 June 1884, the ''Queen of the Bay'' had to return to Hugh Town with engine problems and transfer her passengers and mail to the ''Lady of the Isles''.<ref name=cman308p4>{{cite news |title=Penzance |work=The Cornishman |issue=308 |date=12 June 1884 |page=4}}</ref> Later in 1884 and in 1885 she was engaged on a number of charters in the [[Bristol Channel]] during the summer season. Due to the growing trade between the mainland and the islands and the expection she would be replaced by a larger and more powerful vessel, she was sold to John Dutton, a merchant of [[Cardiff]] in 1885 for £2,250.<ref>{{cite news |title=The West Cornwall steamship company ... |work=The Cornishman |issue=384 |date=26 November 1885 |page=6}}</ref> She was then obtained by John T Hutchins, 1885 in Cardiff, Jessie Laurie, 1886 in [[Ilfracombe]] and the Newport & Bristol Channel Excursion Co Ltd. 1889 in Cardiff. She was damaged by fire on 22 May 1894 on the [[River Usk]] and sold for scrap.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Penzance / Isles of Scilly Mail Packets |url=http://freepages.rootsweb.com/~treevecwll/family/iospackets.htm |website=Hearts of Oak |access-date=9 April 2020}}</ref>

===''Sir Walter Raleigh''===
In June 1884 the Plymouth tug took the place of the ''Queen of Bay'' as a temporary replacement.<ref name=cman308p4/>

===''Gael''===
The [[PS Gael (1867)|PS ''Gael'']] was an Iron [[Paddle Steamer]] built by Robertson & Co. Engineer: [[Rankin & Blackmore]] in 1867 for the Campbeltown & Glasgow Steam Packet Joint Stock Company. She was the first ship built by this ship yard. She was 211&nbsp;ft long, 23.2&nbsp;ft beam, 10.6&nbsp;ft deep and could achieve a speed of 16 knots. In 1884 she was sold to the [[Great Western Railway|Great Western Railway Company]] and based at [[Milford Haven|Milford]] in [[Wales]]. She was chartered by the West Cornwall Steam Ship Company in 1887 and 1889 for the season.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Gael – The Auxiliary Steamer |work=The Cornishman |issue=459 |date=28 April 1887 |page=5}}</ref> She returned to [[Scotland]] in 1891, based at [[Oban]] under the ownership of MacBrayne. There she served [[Gairloch]] via [[Isle of Mull|Mull]], [[Eigg]], [[Mallaig]] and [[Skye]] until she was broken up in 1924.

===''Lady of the Isles''===
The [[SS Lady of the Isles (1875)|''Lady of the Isles'']] was launched by Harvey's of Hayle in 1875 and worked on the West Cornwall service until 1904. She was repaired and overhauled at [[Hayle]] in February 1881.<ref>{{cite news|title=Penzance|work=The Cornishman|issue=138|date=3 March 1881|page=4}}</ref>

On 1 September 1904, she struck the Heaver Rock and was beached in [[Lamorna]] Cove to stop her from sinking; the passengers had to walk the {{convert|4|mile}} back to Penzance!. She was re-floated and repaired with new boilers.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Port of Penzance |last=Carter |first=Clive |year=1998 |publisher=Black Dwarf Publications |location=Lydney |isbn=0-9533028-0-6 }}</ref>

From 1905 she was a cable ship for the [[Royal Navy]], and then from 1938 as the salvage vessel for the Western Marine Salvage Co of Penzance, until requisitioned by the Admiralty as an Auxiliary vessel. She was sunk by a mine off Killigerran Head near [[Falmouth, Cornwall|Falmouth]] on 3 October 1940. She was 130 feet 6 inches long and 162 tons.

===''Stormcock''===
The Liverpool registered twin-screwed steamer was hired in 1886 as a second boat for the potato and fish season. The 350 ton steamer was described as one of the largest and most powerful tugs, and was capable of 12.5 knots.<ref>{{cite news |title=The West Cornwall steamship company ... |work=The Cornishman |issue=404 |date=15 April 1886 |page=5}}</ref>

===''Lyonesse''===
The [[SS Lyonesse (1889)|''Lyonesse'']] was another vessel built by Harvey's of Hayle, this time in 1889 and making her first crossing from Penzance to St Mary's on 17 April 1889.<ref>{{cite news |title=The ''Lyonesse'' at Scilly |work=The Cornishman |issue=564 |date=25 April 1889 |page=7}}</ref> She had a 3-cylinder turbine engine and was 329 gross registered tons, 170&nbsp;ft long, 25&nbsp;ft 1in beam, 10&nbsp;ft 4in depth.  ''Lyonesse'' was sold in 1918 to [[Cobh|Queenstown]], as a salvage ship, and returned to Hayle in 1928 to be scrapped by Messrs Ward & Co.<ref>{{cite news|last=McFarland|first=F|title=From Far and Wide|newspaper=[[Scillonian (magazine)|Scillonian]]|page=91|date=May 1928}}</ref>

[[Lyonesse]] is a legendary area of land reputedly lying beneath the sea between Cornwall and the Isles of Scilly.

===''Melmore''===
From 1904 to 1905 the screw steamer [[SS Melmore (1892)|''Melmore'']] was in use for a short time.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Dorrien-Smith|first=Gwen|title=Our Steamers|journal=[[Scillonian (magazine)|Scillonian]]|date=March 1929|volume=17|pages=159–162}}</ref>

===''Deerhound''===
[[File:HMCS Lady Evelyn CN-3274.jpg|thumb|right|''Deerhound'' as {{Ship|HMCS|Lady Evelyn}}]]
The [[SS Deerhound (1901)|''Deerhound'']] had worked on the [[River Mersey|Mersey]] since being built in 1901, when she was transferred to West Cornwall in 1905. She was sold on to [[Canada]] two years later, becoming {{Ship|HMCS|Lady Evelyn}}. She was {{Convert|189|ft|m}} long and 483 tons.

{|class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto"
|+'''Period of operation'''
|-
!Date!!1871–1872!!1872–1875!!1875–1889!!1889–1905!!1905–1918
|-
|'''''Little Western'''''||align=center bgcolor="black"|—||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;
|-
|'''''Earl of Arran'''''||align=center bgcolor="black"|—||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;
|-
|'''''Guide'''''||&nbsp;||align=center bgcolor="black"|—||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;
|-
|'''''Queen of the Bay'''''||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||align=center bgcolor="black"|—||&nbsp;||&nbsp;
|-
|'''''Lady of the Isles'''''||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||align=center bgcolor="black"|—||align=center bgcolor="black"|—||&nbsp;
|-
|'''''Lyonesse'''''||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||align=center bgcolor="black"|—||align=center bgcolor="black"|—
|-
|'''''Deerhound'''''||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||align=center bgcolor="black"|—
|}

==See also==
* [[Scilly Isles Steam Navigation Company]]
* [[Isles of Scilly Steamship Company]]

==Citations==
{{reflist}}

==References==
* {{cite book  | last = Duckworth  | first = CLD  |author2=Langmuir, GE   | title = Railway and Other Steamers  | publisher = T Stephenson  | year = 1948  | location = Preston}}

==External links==
* [http://freepages.family.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~treevecwll/iospackets.htm The Isles of Scilly/Penzance Mail Packets]

[[Category:Companies based in Cornwall]]
[[Category:Defunct shipping companies of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Ferry companies of England]]
[[Category:Penzance]]
[[Category:Transport companies established in 1870]]
[[Category:Transport companies disestablished in 1917]]
[[Category:Transport in the Isles of Scilly]]
[[Category:Water transport in Cornwall]]