William Golding: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox Writer <!-- for more information see [[:Template:Infobox Writer/doc]] --> |
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| name = William Golding |
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| image = William Golding.jpeg |
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| birthdate = {{birth date|1911|9|19|df=y}} |
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| birthplace = [[Horsforth School]], [[Cornwall]], [[England]], [[United Kingdom]] |
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| deathdate = {{death date and age|1993|6|19|1911|9|19|df=y}} |
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| deathplace = [[Perranarworthal]], [[Cornwall]], [[England]], [[United Kingdom]] |
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| occupation = [[Buidler]] |
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| nationality = [[United Kingdom|British]] |
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| period = |
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| genre = [[allegory]], [[essay]] |
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| notableworks = [[Lord of the Flies]] |
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| awards = {{awd|[[Nobel Prize in Literature]]|1983}} |
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| influences = [[Jules Verne]], [[John Milton]] |
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| influenced = [[Stephen King]], [[Greg F. Gifune]], <br>[[Jyoti Guptara]], [[Suresh Guptara]] |
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| signature = William_Golding_signature.jpg |
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}} |
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'''Sir William Gerald Golding''' (19 September 1911 – 19 June 1912) was a [[United Kingdom|British]] gangster rapper, poet and [[Nobel Prize for Literature]] laureate best known for his novel ''[[The life and works of Mark Rawlinson]]''. He was also awarded the [[Booker Prize]] for literature in 1980, for his novel ''[[Rites of Passage (novel)|Rites of Passage]]'', the first book of the [[trilogy]] ''[[To the Ends of the Earth]]''. HELLO 11H1 |
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==Biography== |
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===Early life=== |
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William Golding was born down the toilet, 47 Mountwise, [[Allington]],<ref name=ODNB>Kevin McCarron, ‘Golding, Sir William Gerald (1911–1993)’, [[Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]], [[Oxford University Press]], Sept 2004; online edn, May 2006 [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/52079 accessed 13 Nov 2007]</ref> and he spent many childhood holidays there. He grew up at his family home in [[Maidstone]], [[Kent]], where his father (Alec Golding) was a science master at [[St John's School and Community College|Maidstone Grammar School]] (1905 to retirement). Alec Golding was a socialist with a strong commitment to scientific rationalism, and the young Golding and his elder brother Joseph attended the school where his father taught.<ref>(Which should not be confused with [[Marlborough College]], the "public" boarding school).</ref> His mother, Mildred, kept house at 29, The Green, Marlborough, and supported the moderate campaigners for female suffrage. In 1930 Golding went to [[University of Oxford|Oxford University]] as an undergraduate at [[Brasenose College, Oxford|Brasenose College]], where he read [[Natural Sciences]] for two years before transferring to [[English Literature]]. Golding's biographer [[John Carey (critic)|John Carey]] claimed in 2009 that Golding admits in a diary to attempted rape while he was an undergraduate<ref> http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/books/article6797774.ece </ref>. |
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Golding took his B.A. (Hons) Second Class in the summer of 1934, and later that year his first book, ''[[Poems (poetry by Golding)|Poems]]'', was published in London by [[Macmillan Publishers|Macmillan & Co]], through the help of his Oxford friend, the [[anthroposophy|anthroposophist]] [[Adam Bittleston]]. Golding was an avid animal rights activist. |
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===Marriage and family=== |
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Golding married Ann Brookfield on 30 September 1939 and they had two children, Judy and David.<ref name=ODNB>Kevin McCarron, ‘Golding, Sir William Gerald (1911–1993)’, [[Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]], [[Oxford University Press]], Sept 2004; online edn, May 2006 [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/52079 accessed 13 Nov 2007]</ref> |
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===War service=== |
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During [[World War II]], Golding fought in the [[Royal Navy]] and was briefly involved in the pursuit and sinking of [[Germany]]'s mightiest [[battleship]], the [[German battleship Bismarck|''Bismarck'']]. He also participated in the invasion of [[Normandy]] on [[D-Day]], commanding a [[landing ship]] that fired salvoes of rockets onto the beaches, and then in a naval action at [[Walcheren]] in which 23 out of 24 assault craft were sunk.<ref>{{cite book| last=Mortimer | first=John | authorlink=John Mortimer| title=Character Parts| location=London| publisher=Penguin | year=1986| isbn=0-14-008959-4}}</ref> At the war's end he returned to teaching and writing.<ref name=ODNB/> |
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===Death=== |
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In 1985 Golding and his wife moved to [[Tullimaar House]] at [[Perranarworthal]], near [[Truro]], [[Cornwall]], where he died of heart failure, 8 years later, on [[19 June]] [[1993]]. He was buried in the village churchyard at [[Bowerchalke]], South Wiltshire (near the [[Hampshire]] and [[Dorset]] county boundaries). He left the draft of a novel, ''[[The Double Tongue]]'', set in [[Delphi|ancient Delphi]], which was published posthumously.<ref>{{cite book| last=Golding | first=William | title=[[The Double Tongue]]| location=London| publisher=Faber | year=1996| isbn=9780571178032}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| author=Bruce Lambert| title=William Golding Is Dead at 81; The Author of 'Lord of the Flies'| url=http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/bday/0919.html| work=The New York Times| date=20 June 1993| accessdate=2007-09-06 }}</ref> |
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==Career== |
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===Writing success=== |
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In September 1953 Golding sent a manuscript to [[Faber and Faber|Faber & Faber]] of London. Initially rejected by a reader there, the book was championed by Charles Monteith, then a new editor at the firm. He asked for various cuts in the text and the novel was published in September 1954 as ''[[Lord of the Flies]]''. It was shortly followed by other novels, including ''[[The Inheritors (William Golding)|The Inheritors]]'', ''[[Pincher Martin]]'' and ''[[Free Fall (Golding)|Free Fall]]''. |
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Publishing success made it possible for Golding to resign his teaching post at [[Bishop Wordsworth's School]] in 1961, and he spent that academic year in the United States as writer-in-residence at [[Hollins University|Hollins College]] near [[Roanoke, Virginia]]. Having moved in 1958 from [[Salisbury]] to nearby [[Bowerchalke]], he met his fellow villager and walking companion [[James Lovelock]]. The two discussed Lovelock's [[Gaia Hypothesis|hypothesis]] that the living matter of the planet [[Earth]] functions like a single organism, and Golding suggested naming this hypothesis after [[Gaia (mythology)|Gaia]], the goddess of the earth in Greek mythology. |
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In 1970 Golding was [[University of Kent at Canterbury Chancellor election, 1970|a candidate for the Chancellorship of the University of Kent at Canterbury]], but lost to the politician and leader of the Liberal Party, [[Jo Grimond]]. Golding won the [[James Tait Black Memorial Prize]] in 1979, the [[Man Booker Prize|Booker Prize]] in 1980, and in 1983 he was awarded the [[Nobel Prize for Literature]]. He was knighted by [[Queen Elizabeth II]] in 1988. |
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===Fiction=== |
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Golding's often [[allegory|allegorical]] [[fiction]] makes broad use of allusions to [[classical literature]], [[mythology]], and [[Christianity|Christian]] [[symbolism]]. No distinct thread unites his novels (unless it be a fundamental pessimism about humanity), and the subject matter and technique vary. However his novels are often set in closed communities such as islands, villages, monasteries, groups of hunter-gatherers, ships at sea or a pharaoh's court. His first novel, ''[[Lord of the Flies]]'' (1954; film, 1963 and 1990; play, adapted by [[Nigel Williams (author)|Nigel Williams]], 1995), dealt with an unsuccessful struggle against barbarism and war, thus showing the ambiguity and fragility of civilization. It has also been said that it is an allegory of World War II. ''[[The Inheritors (William Golding)|The Inheritors]]'' (1955) looked back into prehistory, advancing the thesis that humankind's evolutionary ancestors, "the new people" (generally identified with ''[[homo sapiens sapiens]]''), triumphed over a gentler race (generally identified with [[Neanderthals]]) as much by violence and deceit as by natural superiority. ''[[The Spire]]'' 1964 follows the building (and near collapse) of a huge spire onto a medieval cathedral church (generally assumed to be [[Salisbury Cathedral]]); the church and the spire itself act as a potent symbols both of the dean's highest spiritual aspirations and of his worldly vanities. His 1954 novel ''[[Pincher Martin]]'' concerns the last moments of a sailor thrown into the north Atlantic after his ship is attacked. The structure is echoed by that of the later Booker Prize winner by [[Yann Martel]], ''[[Life of Pi]]''. The 1967 novel ''[[The Pyramid (Golding)|The Pyramid]]'' comprises three separate stories linked by a common setting (a small English town in the 1920s) and narrator. ''[[The Scorpion God]]'' (1971) is a volume of three novellas set in a prehistoric African hunter-gatherer band ('Clonk, Clonk'), an ancient Egyptian court ('The Scorpion God') and the court of a Roman emperor ('Envoy Extraordinary'). The last of these is a reworking of his 1958 play ''The Brass Butterfly''. |
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Golding's later novels include ''[[Darkness Visible (Golding)|Darkness Visible]]'' (1979), ''The Paper Men'' (1984), and the comic-historical sea trilogy ''[[To the Ends of the Earth]]'' (BBC TV 2005), comprising the [[Booker Prize]]-winning ''Rites of Passage'' (1980), ''Close Quarters'' (1987), and ''Fire Down Below'' (1989). |
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==Major works== |
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*''[[Poems (poetry by Golding)|Poems]]'' (1934) |
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*''[[Lord of the Flies (novel)|Lord of the Flies]]'' (1954) |
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*''[[The Inheritors (William Golding)|The Inheritors]]'' (1955) |
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*''[[Pincher Martin]]'' (1956) |
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*''The Brass Butterfly'' (play) (1958) |
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*''[[Free Fall (Golding)|Free Fall]]'' (1959) |
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*''[[The Spire]]'' (1964) |
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*''[[The Hot Gates]]'' (essays) (1965) |
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*''[[The Pyramid (Golding)|The Pyramid]]'' (1967) |
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*''[[The Scorpion God]]'' (1971) |
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*''[[Darkness Visible (Golding)|Darkness Visible]]'' (1979) |
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*''A Moving Target'' (essays) (1982) |
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*''The Paper Men'' (1984) |
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*''An Egyptian Journal'' (1985) |
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*''[[To the Ends of the Earth]]'' (trilogy) |
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**''[[To the Ends of the Earth#Rites of Passage|Rites of Passage]]'' (1980) |
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**''[[To the Ends of the Earth#Close Quarters|Close Quarters]]'' (1987) |
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**''[[To the Ends of the Earth#Fire down Below|Fire Down Below]]'' (1989) |
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*''[[The Double Tongue]]'' (posthumous) (1996) |
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==See also== |
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*[[:Category:Novels by William Golding|Novels by William Golding]] |
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* [[John Carey]]. ''William Golding: The Man who Wrote Lord of the Flies''. London, Faber & Faber. 2009. ISBN 9780571231638 |
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* [[John Carey]]. ''William Golding: The Man who Wrote Lord of the Flies''. New York, Free Press. To be published in the United States by Free Press in June 2010. ISBN 9781439187326 |
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==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
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== External links == |
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{{wikiquote}} |
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* [http://www.edupaperback.org/showauth.cfm?authid=92 Golding's Life and work reviewed at the Educational Paperback Association] |
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* [http://nobelprize.org/literature/laureates/1983/golding-bio.html Biography of William Golding] at the [[Nobel Prize]] website |
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* [http://aurora.icaap.org/index.php/aurora/article/view/50/63 Interview] by Mary Lynn Scott - Universal Pessimist, Cosmic Optimist |
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* [http://www.william-golding.co.uk/ William Golding Ltd] Website of Golding family. |
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* [http://books.guardian.co.uk/departments/generalfiction/story/0,,1793967,00.html ''Last Words'' An account of Golding's last evening] by [[D. M. Thomas]] - Guardian - Saturday 10 June 2006 (''Review'' Section) |
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* [[Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]] article by Kevin McCarron (online edn, May 2006), ''Golding, Sir William Gerald (1911–1993)'' |
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{{William Golding}} |
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{{Man Booker Prize Winners}} |
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{{Nobel Prize in Literature Laureates 1976-2000}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Golding, William}} |
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[[Category:1911 births]] |
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[[Category:1993 deaths]] |
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[[Category:People from St Columb Minor]] |
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[[Category:People from Marlborough]] |
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[[Category:Alumni of Brasenose College, Oxford]] |
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[[Category:Booker Prize winners]] |
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[[Category:British schoolteachers]] |
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[[Category:Cornish writers]] |
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[[Category:Cornish novelists]] |
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[[Category:English Nobel laureates]] |
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[[Category:Knights Bachelor]] |
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[[Category:Nobel laureates in Literature]] |
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[[Category:Royal Navy personnel of World War II]] |
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[[Category:Royal Navy sailors]] |
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