William de Croÿ
William II de Croÿ, Lord of Chièvres (1458 – 28 May 1521) (also known as: Guillaume II de Croÿ, sieur de Chièvres in French; Guillermo II de Croÿ, señor de Chièvres, Xevres or Xebres in Spanish; Willem II van Croÿ, heer van Chièvres in Dutch), later Duke of Sora and Arce, Baron of Roccaguglielma (all three in Kingdom of Naples, now in Frosinone province), 1st count of Beaumont, 1st Marquess of Aarschot, Lord of Temse; was the chief tutor and First Chamberlain to Charles V.
William was the second son of Philippe de Croÿ, Lord of Aarschot and Jacoba of Luxembourg. William married Maria-Magdalena of Hamal, widow of Adolf van der Marck. William bought the lordships of Beaumont and Chièvres from his father in 1485. In 1489 he was one of those lords who tried to reason with Philip of Cleves during his rebellion against Maximilian of Austria. William was also elected a Knight of the Golden Fleece in 1491. He became part of the court of Philip the Handsome in 1494, but didn't accompany Philip on his first voyage to Spain in 1501–1503. After Philip's death in 1506, William became part of the regency council and held chief responsibility for the finances of the Low Countries, as well as being supreme commander. He was confirmed in his tasks by Emperor Maximilian in 1510.
In 1509 he also became chief tutor of the infant Archduke Charles as replacement of Charles de Croÿ, prince of Chimay. William helped engineer Charles taking the title of Duke of Burgundy, and moved the nine-year-old Charles away from the court of Margaret of Austria so that he could better influence Charles.[1] William even slept in the same room as Charles. The young Charles was soon dependent on William for advice. William intrigued to have Charles declared of-age at fifteen years old via large advances of money to Charles's grandfather Emperor Maximilian, and to be appointed Grand Chamberlain. Charles in turn made him part of his first council in 1515 and rewarded him with the Duchy of Sora and Arce, and Rocca Guglielma in 1516. Charles also raised Beaumont to a county and Aarschot (which William inherited from his father in 1511) to a margraviate between 1517 and 1519. Other functions William acquired were:
- Grand-Bailli of Hainaut (1497-1503)
- Stadtholder of Namur (since 1503)
- Admiral of the Kingdom of Naples and Chief Admiral of all countries (in 1516)
- Chief of the Spanish treasury (contador mayor) (since 1517, though later sold to Alvaro de Zúñiga, duke of Béjar, for 30,000 ducats)[1]
It was from William's advice that Charles sent his brother Ferdinand away from Spain. Ferdinand was loved by the people and Spanish-born, while Charles was distrusted as a foreigner. The fear was that Ferdinand might be used as a figurehead for a revolt.[2] William also got his twenty-year-old nephew, also named William de Croÿ, appointed Archbishop of Toledo. By doing so, he was able to enjoy (with his nephew) the immense revenues the see generated from afar.[3] This appointment landed Charles in trouble later, as the appointment of an unqualified young foreigner offended the sensibilities of the Spanish and helped provoke the Revolt of the Comuneros.[1]
William insisted that Charles became candidate for the Imperial election in 1519 and was present at the Diet of Worms in 1521, where he was opposed to the violent persecution of Martin Luther and his followers. However, Charles finally broke with his advisor's influence when he went to war against France, something which the pro-French William had tried to prevent.
William died in 1521 with the cause recorded as poison. Protestant followers of Martin Luther were accused of having done the deed in reprisal for the Edict of Worms which had been issued three days earlier on 25 May 1521.
William was married to Marie de Hamal, but the marriage had remained childless.
He was succeeded by his other nephew Philippe II de Croÿ.
References
- Hans Cools, Mannen met Macht (Walburg Pers, Zutphen, 2001)
- Haliczer, Stephen (1981). The Comuneros of Castile: The Forging of a Revolution, 1475-1521. Madison, Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin Press. ISBN 0-299-08500-7.
- Seaver, Henry Latimer (1966) [1928]. The Great Revolt in Castile: A study of the Comunero movement of 1520-1521. New York: Octagon Books.