Yitzhak Rabin: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox Prime Minister |
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|name =Yitzhak Rabin<br><small>{{Hebrew|יִצְחָק רַבִּין }}</small> |
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|image =Yitzhak Rabin (1986) cropped.jpg |
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|order =5th [[Prime Minister of Israel]] |
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|term_start =[[13 July]] [[1992]] |
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|term_end =[[4 November]] [[1995]] |
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|predecessor =[[Yitzhak Shamir]] |
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|successor =[[Shimon Peres]] |
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|term_start2 =[[3 June]] [[1974]] |
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|term_end2 =[[22 April]] [[1977]] |
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|predecessor2 =[[Golda Meir]] |
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|successor2 =[[Menachem Begin]] |
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|birth_date ={{birth date|1922|3|1|df=y}} |
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|birth_place =[[Jerusalem]], [[British Mandate of Palestine]] (now [[Israel]]) |
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|death_date ={{death date and age|1995|11|4|1922|3|1}} |
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|death_place =[[Tel Aviv]], [[Israel]] |
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|party =[[Alignment (political party)|Alignment]], [[Labor Party (Israel)|Labor Party]] |
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|spouse =[[Leah Rabin]] |
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|children =[[Dalia Rabin-Pelossof]]<br />Yuval Rabin |
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|religio =[[Judaism]] |
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}} |
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'''{{Audio|He-Yitzhak_Rabin.ogg|Yitzhak Rabin}}''' ({{lang-he-n|יִצְחָק רַבִּין }}, [[1 March]] [[1922]] – [[4 November]] [[1995]]) was an [[Israel]]i [[politician]] and [[general]]. He was the fifth [[Prime Minister of Israel]] with two periods in office, from 1974 until 1977 and from 1992 until his assassination in 1995. In 1994 during his second term Rabin won the [[Nobel Peace Prize]] together with [[Shimon Peres]] and [[Yasser Arafat]], for their efforts towards peace which culminated in the [[Oslo Accords]]. He was [[Assassination of Yitzhak Rabin|assassinated]] by [[Yigal Amir]], a right-wing Israeli radical who had strenuously opposed Rabin's signing of the [[Oslo Accords]]. He was the first native-born Prime Minister of Israel, the only Prime Minister to be assassinated and the second to die in office after [[Levi Eshkol]]. |
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Yitzhak Rabin was born in [[Jerusalem]] in 1922 to Nehemiah and Rosa, two pioneers of the [[Third Aliyah]]. Nehemiah Rubitzov, born in a small [[Ukraine|Ukrainian]] town in 1886, lost his father when he was a child and helped to support his family from a young age. At the age of 18, he emigrated to the United States, where he joined the [[Poale Zion|Poalei Zion (Workers of Zion)]] Party and changed his surname to Rabin. In 1917 he went to Palestine with Hagdud Haivri ([[Jewish Legion]]) volunteers, determined to settle in Israel. Yitzhak Rabin's mother, Rosa Cohen, was born in 1890 in [[Mohilev]] in [[Belarus]]. Her father, a [[rabbi]], opposed the Zionist movement, but sent Rosa to a Christian high school for girls in Homel, enabling her to acquire a broad general education. From a young age, Rosa took an interest in political and social causes. In 1919, she sailed to Palestine on the S.S. Ruslan, the bellwether of the Third Aliyah. After working on a kibbutz on the shores of the Kinneret (Sea of Galilee), she moved to Jerusalem.<ref>[http://www.dadalos.org/int/Vorbilder/vorbilder/rabin/leben.htm#Eltern Yitzhak Rabin – from solider to Nobel Peace Prize Laureate] Dadalos</ref> |
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Rabin grew up in [[Tel Aviv]], where the family relocated when he was one year old. In 1940, he graduated with distinction from the [[Kadoori Agricultural High School]] and hoped to be an irrigation engineer. However, apart from several courses in military strategy in the [[United Kingdom]] later on, he never pursued a degree. |
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Rabin married in 1948, during the Israeli War of Independence. Leah was working at the time as a reporter for a Palmach newspaper. They had two children, Dahlia and Yuval. After Rabin's assassination, Dahlia Rabin-Pelossof went into politics. In 2001, she was Israel's Deputy Minister of Defense. |
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==Military career== |
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===Palmach=== |
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In 1941, during his practical training at [[Kibbutz]] Ramat Yochanan, Rabin joined the [[Palmach]] section of the [[Haganah]], and rose to the position of Chief Operations Officer in October 1947. |
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===IDF service=== |
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During the [[1948 Arab-Israeli War]], Rabin directed Israeli operations in Jerusalem and fought the [[Egypt]]ian army in the [[Negev]]. In 1949, he helped draft an armistice agreement with the Arab countries that was signed on the island of [[Rhodes]]. In 1964 he was appointed [[Ramatkal|Chief of Staff]] of the [[Israel Defense Forces]] (IDF). |
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Under his command, the IDF achieved victory over [[Egypt]], [[Syria]] and [[Jordan]] in the [[Six-Day War]] in 1967. After the [[Old City]] of [[Jerusalem]] was captured by the IDF, Rabin was among the first to visit the Old City, and delivered a famous speech on [[Mount Scopus]], at the [[Hebrew University]]. In the days leading up to the war Rabin suffered a nervous breakdown and was unable to function.<ref>[http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/05/17/AR2007051701976.html Prelude to the Six Days] Washington Post, 18 May 2007</ref> After this short hiatus, he resumed full command over the IDF. |
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==Ambassador and Minister of Labor== |
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Following his retirement from the IDF, he became a diplomat, serving as ambassador to the [[United States]] beginning in 1968. |
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In 1973, he was elected to the [[Knesset]] as a member of the [[Alignment (political party)|Alignment]], and was appointed Minister of Labour. |
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==First term as Prime Minister== |
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On [[June 2]] [[1974]], Rabin was elected Party leader and succeeded [[Golda Meir]] as [[Prime Minister of Israel]]. |
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[[Operation Entebbe]] was the most dramatic event during Rabin's first term of office. On Rabin's orders, the IDF rescued passengers of a plane that was hijacked by terrorists belonging to the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine and the German Revolutionary Cells (RZ). |
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Rabin resigned from office in the wake of two crises at the end of 1976: Four [[F-15]] jets were delivered on the [[Shabbat|Sabbath]], which led to the break up of his coalition; and it was discovered that his wife, Leah, [[Dollar Account affair|continued to hold a US dollar account]] from the days that Rabin was ambassador to the United States. According to Israeli currency regulations at the time, it was illegal for citizens to maintain foreign currency accounts. In the wake of this disclosure, Rabin handed in his resignation, an act that earned him praise as a responsible person and a man of integrity. |
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==Opposition MK and Minister of Defense== |
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Following his resignation, [[Likud]]'s [[Menachem Begin]] was elected in 1977. Until 1984 Rabin was a member of Knesset and sat on the Foreign Affairs and Defense Committee. From 1984 to 1990, he served as [[Minister of Defense]] in several unity governments led by prime ministers [[Yitzhak Shamir]] and [[Shimon Peres]]. |
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When Rabin came to office, Israeli troops were still deep in Lebanon. Rabin ordered their withdrawal to a "Security Zone" on the Lebanese side of the border. The [[South Lebanon Army]] was active in this zone, along with the [[Israeli Defence Forces]]. |
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When the [[first Intifada]] broke out, Rabin adopted harsh measures to stop the riots, even threatening to "break the bones" of the rioters. Later, Rabin's attitude softened and he became convinced that the only way to end the violence was though negotiation and dialogue. |
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In 1990 to 1992, Rabin again served as an MK and a member of the Foreign Affairs and Defense Committee. This time, he used his days in the opposition to compete against Shimon Peres for the chairmanship of the Labor party, a position held by Peres since 1977. |
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==Second term as Prime Minister== |
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[[Image:Rabin at peace talks.jpg|thumb|300px|Yitzhak Rabin, [[Bill Clinton]], and [[Yasser Arafat]] during the [[Oslo Accords]] on [[September 13]], [[1993]]]] |
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In 1992 Rabin was elected as chairman of the [[Labor Party (Israel)|Israeli Labor Party]]. In the [[Israeli legislative election, 1992|elections that same year]] his party, strongly focusing on the popularity of its leader, managed to win a clear victory over the Likud of incumbent Prime Minister Yitzhak Shamir. However the Left bloc in the [[Knesset]] won an overall narrow majority, facilitated by the disqualification of small nationalist parties that did not manage to pass the electoral threshold. Rabin formed the first Labour led government in fifteen years, supported by a coalition of left wing parties and [[Shas]], a [[Mizrahi Jew|Mizrahi]] orthodox religious party. |
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Rabin played a leading role in the signing of the [[Oslo Accords]], which created the [[Palestinian Authority]] and granted it partial control over parts of the [[Gaza Strip]] and [[West Bank]]. Prior to the signing of the accords, Rabin received a letter from PLO Chairman [[Yasser Arafat]] renouncing violence and officially recognizing Israel, and on the same day, [[September 9]], [[1993]], Rabin sent Arafat a letter officially recognizing the PLO on (See: [[Israel-Palestine Liberation Organization letters of recognition]].) During this term of office, Rabin also oversaw the signing of the [[Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace]] (1994). |
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For his role in the creation of the Oslo Accords, Rabin was awarded the 1994 [[Nobel Peace Prize]], along with [[Yasser Arafat]] and [[Shimon Peres]]. The Accords greatly divided Israeli society, with some seeing Rabin as a hero for advancing the cause of peace and some seeing him as a traitor for giving away land rightfully belonging to Israel. Many Israelis on the right wing often blame him for Jewish deaths from the sharp increase in terror attacks since the signing of the Oslo accords. Also, Rabin's government was kept in office with the tacit support of Arab-Israeli parties in the [[Knesset]]. |
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Rabin was also awarded the 1994 [[Ronald Reagan Freedom Award]] by the late President's wife, Former [[First Ladies of the United States|First Lady]] [[Nancy Reagan]]. The award is only given to "those who have made monumental and lasting contributions to the cause of freedom worldwide," and who "embody President Reagan's lifelong belief that one man or woman truly can make a difference." <ref>[http://www.reaganfoundation.org/programs/cpa/awards.asp The Ronald Reagan Freedom Award] Reagan Foundation</ref> |
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==Assassination and aftermath== |
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{{main|Assassination of Yitzhak Rabin}} |
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[[Image:Kikar rabin.jpg|thumb|200px|The monument marking the site of the assassination: Ibn Gabirol Street between the Tel Aviv City Hall and Gan Ha'ir]] |
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[[Image:Rabins' Grave.JPG|thumb|200px|The grave of Yitzhak (right) and Leah Rabin (left) on [[Mount Herzl]]]] |
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On [[November 4]], [[1995]], Rabin was [[assassination|assassinated]] by [[Yigal Amir]], a right-wing [[Religious Zionism|Orthodox]] Jew who opposed the signing of the Oslo Accords and believed he was saving the country from a dire fate. The shooting took place in the evening as Rabin was leaving a mass rally in [[Tel Aviv]] in support of the [[Oslo Accords|Oslo process]]. Rabin was rushed to the nearby [[Ichilov Hospital]], where he died on the operating table of blood loss and a punctured lung. |
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The assassination of Rabin came as a great shock to the Israeli public. Hundreds of thousands of grieving Israelis thronged the square where Rabin was assassinated to mourn his death. Young people, in particular, turned out in large numbers, lighting memorial candles and singing peace songs. Rabin's funeral was attended by many world leaders, among them [[United States|U.S.]] president [[Bill Clinton]], [[Egypt]]ian president [[Hosni Mubarak]] and [[King Hussein of Jordan]]. Bill Clinton delivered an [[eulogy]] whose memorable final words were in Hebrew - "Shalom, Haver" meaning "Goodbye, Friend." |
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Before leaving the stage on the night of the assassination, Rabin had been singing [[Shir Lashalom]] (literally ''Song for Peace''), along with Israeli singer Miri Aloni. After he died a sheet of paper with the lyrics was found in his pocket, stained with blood. |
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The square where he was assassinated, Kikar Malchei Yisrael (Kings of Israel Square), was renamed Kikar Rabin ([[Rabin Square]]). Streets and public institutions have been named for him all over the country. |
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After his assassination, Rabin was hailed as a national symbol and came to embody the Israeli peace camp ethos, despite his military career and hawkish views earlier in life. He is buried on [[Mount Herzl]]. In November 2000, his wife Leah died and was buried alongside him. |
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Shortly after the assassination Rabin's granddaughter, Noa Ben-Artzi received about $1 million advance for a book on her relationship with him. <ref>[http://www.jewishsf.com/content/2-0-/module/displaystory/story_id/2555/edition_id/43/format/html/displaystory.html] Mideast Report</ref> |
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==See also== |
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*[[Nobel Peace Prize#Laureates|List of Nobel Peace Prize Laureates]] |
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*[[History of the Israel Defense Forces#List of Chiefs of the General Staff|List of Israel's Chiefs of the General Staff]] |
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==Further reading== |
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*Benedikt, Linda: ''Yitzhak Rabin: The Battle for Peace'', ISBN 1-904950-06-X. |
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*Horovitz, David (editor): ''Yitzhak Rabin, Soldier of Peace'', ISBN 1-55704-287-X |
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*Kurzman, Dan: ''Soldier of Peace: The Life of Yitzhak Rabin'', ISBN 0-06-018684-4 |
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*[[Leah Rabin|Rabin, Leah]]: ''Rabin: Our Life, His Legacy'', ISBN 0-399-14217-7 |
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*Rabin, Yitzhak: ''The Rabin Memoirs'', ISBN 0-520-20766-1 |
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*Dr. [[Uri Milstein]], ''The Rabin File'', ISBN 965229196-X |
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==References== |
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<references /> |
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*Dromi, Uri (Nov. 5, 2005). "Still craving peace 10 years after Rabin". ''[[New Straits Times]]'', p. 20. |
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*[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4405778.stm "Israel marks Rabin assassination"]. (Nov. 5, 2005). ''[[BBC]]''. |
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==External links== |
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{{Commons|Yitzhak Rabin}} |
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{{Wikiquote}} |
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<!--- please do not add links to blogs---> |
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*[http://www.davidbenariel.org/israel/avishai-raviv-eyal-yitzhak-rabin.htm Avishai Raviv, Eyal, and Yitzhak Rabin] |
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*[http://www.davidbenariel.org/israel/vatican-linked-assassination-yitzhak-rabin.htm Vatican Linked to the Assassination of Yitzhak Rabin?] |
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*[http://www.davidbenariel.org/israel/shimon-peres-rabin-dead-body.htm Shimon Peres Came to Power Over Rabin's Dead Body] |
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*[http://www.pmo.gov.il/PMOEng/Government/Memorial/PrimeMinisters/Rabin.htm Memorial biography] |
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*[http://www.pmo.gov.il/nr/exeres/BF18509C-3BAA-43E0-BD8B-CDB7DA3001EA.htm Official government biography] |
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*[http://www.otn.com/netking Yitzhak Rabin Condolence and Memorial Website] |
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*[http://www.isracast.com/transcripts/021105a_trans.htm One of the last recorded interviews with Yitzhak Rabin] - a six-minute interview with David Esing, recorded one month before his assassination. |
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* Text of eulogies at Rabin's funeral [http://216.239.59.104/search?q=cache:ON0zY4e2o_YJ:www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/History/eulogy.html+rabin%27s+children&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=2] |
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*[http://koenraadelst.bharatvani.org/articles/fascism/2murders.html Koenraad Elst on Yitzhak Rabin's Assasination ] |
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{{start box}} |
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{{succession box | title=[[List of Israeli ambassadors to the United States|Israeli Ambassador to the U.S.]] | before=[[Avraham Harman]] | years=1968–1973| after=[[Simcha Dinitz]]}} |
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{{succession box | before = [[Golda Meir]]| title = Leader of the [[Alignment (political party)|Alignment]] |years=1973–1977| after = [[Shimon Peres]]}} |
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{{succession box | before = new party| title = Leader of the [[Labor Party (Israel)|Labor Party]] |years=1992–1995| after = [[Shimon Peres]]}} |
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{{succession box | before = [[Colin Powell]]| title = [[Ronald Reagan Freedom Award|The Ronald Reagan Freedom Award]] | years=1994 |after = [[Hussein of Jordan|King Hussein I]]}} |
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{{end box}} |
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{{Chiefs of Staff of the Israel Defense Forces}} |
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{{IsraelPMS}} |
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{{IsraelEduMin}} |
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{{IsraelDefenseMin}} |
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{{Nobel Peace Prize Laureates 1976-2000}} |
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{{Time Persons of the Year 1976-2000}} |
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{{Persondata |
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|NAME=Rabin, Yitzhak |
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|ALTERNATIVE NAMES=יִצְחָק רַבִּין (Hebrew) |
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|SHORT DESCRIPTION=[[Prime Minister of Israel]] |
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|DATE OF BIRTH=[[March 1]] [[1922]] |
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|PLACE OF BIRTH=[[Jerusalem]], [[British Mandate of Palestine]] (now [[Israel]]) |
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|DATE OF DEATH=[[November 4]] [[1995]] |
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|PLACE OF DEATH=[[Tel Aviv]], [[Israel]] |
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}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Rabin, Yitzhak}} |
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[[Category:1922 births]] |
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[[Category:1995 deaths]] |
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[[Category:Ambassadors of Israel]] |
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[[Category:Assassinated Israeli politicians]] |
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[[Category:Chiefs of Staff of the Israel Defense Forces]] |
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[[Category:Deaths by firearm in Israel]] |
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[[Category:Former Members of the Knesset]] |
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[[Category:Haganah members]] |
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[[Category:Israeli Nobel laureates]] |
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[[Category:Israeli party leaders]] |
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[[Category:Israeli Jews]] |
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[[Category:Jewish politicians]] |
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[[Category:Jews in Ottoman and British Palestine]] |
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[[Category:Zionists]] |
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[[Category:People from Jerusalem]] |
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[[Category:Prime Ministers of Israel]] |
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[[Category:Time magazine Persons of the Year]] |
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[[Category:Yitzhak Rabin assassination]] |
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[[Category:Assassinated heads of state]] |
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[[ar:إسحق رابين]] |
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[[ast:Isaac Rabin]] |
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[[bs:Jitzhak Rabin]] |
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[[bg:Ицхак Рабин]] |
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[[ca:Isaac Rabin]] |
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[[cs:Jicchak Rabin]] |
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[[da:Yitzhak Rabin]] |
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[[de:Jitzchak Rabin]] |
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[[et:Yitzhak Rabin]] |
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[[es:Isaac Rabin]] |
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[[eo:Jicĥak Rabin]] |
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[[eu:Isaak Rabin]] |
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[[fa:اسحاق رابین]] |
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[[fr:Yitzhak Rabin]] |
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[[gl:Yitzhak Rabin]] |
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[[hr:Yitzhak Rabin]] |
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[[io:Ichak Rabin]] |
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[[id:Yitzhak Rabin]] |
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[[os:Рабин, Ицхак]] |
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[[is:Yitzhak Rabin]] |
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[[it:Yitzhak Rabin]] |
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[[he:יצחק רבין]] |
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[[ku:Îzhak Rabîn]] |
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[[lt:Ichakas Rabinas]] |
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[[mr:यित्झाक राबिन]] |
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[[ms:Yitzhak Rabin]] |
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[[nl:Yitzchak Rabin]] |
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[[ja:イツハク・ラビン]] |
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[[no:Yitzhak Rabin]] |
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[[pl:Icchak Rabin]] |
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[[pt:Yitzhak Rabin]] |
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[[ro:Itzhak Rabin]] |
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[[ru:Рабин, Ицхак]] |
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[[simple:Yitzhak Rabin]] |
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[[sk:Jicchak Rabin]] |
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[[sl:Jicak Rabin]] |
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[[sr:Јицак Рабин]] |
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[[fi:Jitzhak Rabin]] |
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[[sv:Yitzhak Rabin]] |
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[[tl:Yitzhak Rabin]] |
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[[vi:Yitzhak Rabin]] |
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[[tr:İzak Rabin]] |
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[[yi:יצחק רבין]] |
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[[zh:伊扎克·拉宾]] |
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Revision as of 01:33, 27 March 2008
Austin was here and i like dark chocolate