View source for Yorkshire and the Humber

{{Short description|Region of England}}
{{for-multi|the former European Parliament constituency|Yorkshire and the Humber (European Parliament constituency)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name                    = Yorkshire and the Humber
| settlement_type         = [[Regions of England|Region]]
| image_skyline           = {{multiple image |border=infobox |perrow=2/2/2/1 |total_width=280 |align=center |caption_align=center
 | image1 = Sheffield Town Hall (27475677653).jpg
 | image2 = Hull Maritime Museum, Hull - geograph.org.uk - 4659907.jpg 
 | image3 = Civic Hall Leeds West Yorkshire.jpg
 | image4 = Bradford Town Hall.jpg
 | image5 = Piece Hall (40524583501).jpg
 | image6 = Heather on Jugger Howe Moor - geograph.org.uk - 4895663.jpg
 | image7 = Ribblehead Viaduct (27475839196).jpg
 }}
| imagesize               = 
| image_alt               = 
| image_caption           = From top, left to right: [[Sheffield]]; [[Kingston upon Hull|Hull]]; [[Leeds]]; [[Bradford]]; [[Piece Hall]]; [[North York Moors|The Moors]]; [[Ribblehead Viaduct]] in [[Yorkshire Dales|The Dales]]
| image_flag              = 
| flag_alt                = 
| image_shield            = 
| shield_alt              = 
| shield_link             = 
| image_blank_emblem      = 
| blank_emblem_size       = 
| blank_emblem_type       = 
| blank_emblem_link       = 
| etymology               = 
| nickname                = 
| motto                   = 
| image_map               = Yorkshire and the Humber in England.svg
| map_alt                 = 
| map_caption             = Yorkshire and the Humber shown within [[England]]
| coordinates             = {{coord|53|34|N|1|12|W|region:GB-ENG_type:adm1st|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type        = [[Sovereign state]]
| subdivision_name        = [[United Kingdom]]
| subdivision_type1       = [[Countries of the United Kingdom|Country]]
| subdivision_name1       = [[England]]
| subdivision_type2       = 
| subdivision_name2       = 
| subdivision_type3       = 
| subdivision_name3       = 
| subdivision_type4       = 
| subdivision_name4       = 
| established_title       = [[Government Offices for the English regions|GO]] established
| established_date        = 1994
| established_title1      = [[Regional development agency|RDA]] established
| established_date1       = 1998
| established_title2      = GO abolished
| established_date2       = 2011
| established_title3      = RDA abolished
| established_date3       = 31 March 2012
| named_for               = 
| seat_type               = 
| seat                    = 
|parts_type               = Subdivisions
|parts                    =
 {{Collapsible list |title=5 [[Ceremonial counties of England|counties]]
 | [[East Riding of Yorkshire]]
 | [[Lincolnshire]] (part)
 | [[North Yorkshire]] (part)
 | [[South Yorkshire]]
 | [[West Yorkshire]]
 }}
{{Collapsible list |title=3 [[Combined authority|combined authorities]]
 | [[South Yorkshire Mayoral Combined Authority|South Yorkshire]]
 | [[West Yorkshire Combined Authority|West Yorkshire]]
 | [[York and North Yorkshire Combined Authority|York and North Yorkshire]]
 }}
{{Collapsible list |title=15 [[Districts of England|districts]]
 | 6 [[Unitary authorities of England|unitary]]
 | 9 [[Metropolitan borough|metropolitan]]
 }}
<!-- Government -->
| government_footnotes    = 
| government_type         = 
| governing_body          = 
| leader_title            = 
| leader_name             = 
| leader_title1           = 
| leader_name1            = 
| leader_title2           = 
| leader_name2            = 
| leader_title3           = 
| leader_name3            = 
| leader_title4           = [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|MP]]s
| leader_name4            = [[Parliamentary constituencies in Yorkshire and the Humber|54 MPs]] (of 650)
<!-- Area -->
<!-- ALL fields with measurements have automatic unit conversion -->
| area_footnotes          = <ref name="ONS Standard Area Measurement">{{cite web |url=https://geoportal.statistics.gov.uk/datasets/ons::standard-area-measurements-latest-for-administrative-areas-in-the-united-kingdom/about |title=Standard Area Measurements (Latest) for Administrative Areas in the United Kingdom |date=24 April 2024 |website=[[ONS Open Geography Portal|Open Geography Portal]] |publisher=Office for National Statistics |access-date=6 May 2024 }}</ref>
| area_total_km2          = 15560
| area_land_km2           = {{UK subdivision area|GSS=E12000003}}
| area_water_km2          = 
| area_rank               = [[Regions of England#List of regions|5th]] <!-- of English regions -->
<!-- Population -->
| population_footnotes    = <ref name="popstats">{{UK subdivision statistics citation}}</ref>
| population_as_of        = {{UK subdivision statistics year}}
| population_total        = {{UK subdivision population|GSS=E12000003}}
| population_rank         = [[Regions of England#List of regions|7th]] <!-- of English regions -->
| population_density_km2  = {{UK subdivision density|GSS=E12000003}}
| population_demonym      = 
<!-- demographics (section 1) -->
| demographics_type1      = Ethnicity <span style="font-weight:normal;">([[2021 United Kingdom census|2021]])</span>
| demographics1_footnotes = <ref name="2021 Nomis">{{NOMIS2021 |id=E12000003 |title=Yorkshire and the Humber Region |access-date=14 August 2023}}</ref>
| demographics1_title1    = [[Ethnic groups in the United Kingdom|Ethnic groups]]
| demographics1_info1     = {{Collapsible list
 | 85.4% [[White people in the United Kingdom|White]]
 | 8.9% [[British Asians|Asian]]
 | 2.1% [[Mixed (United Kingdom ethnicity category)|Mixed]]
 | 2.1% [[Black British people|Black]]
 | 1.4% [[Ethnic groups in the United Kingdom|other]]
 }}
<!-- demographics (section 2) -->
| demographics_type2      = Religion <span style="font-weight:normal;">(2021)</span>
| demographics2_footnotes = <ref name="2021 Nomis"/>
| demographics2_title1    = [[Religion in England|Religion]]
| demographics2_info1     = {{Collapsible list
 | 44.9% [[Religion in England#Christianity|Christianity]]
 | 39.4% [[Irreligion in the United Kingdom|no religion]]
 | 8.1% [[Islam in England|Islam]]
 | 0.5% [[Hinduism in England|Hinduism]]
 | 0.4% [[Sikhism in England|Sikhism]]
 | 0.3% [[Buddhism in England|Buddhism]]
 | 0.2% [[History of the Jews in England|Judaism]]
 | 0.4% [[Religion in England|other]]
 | 5.7% not stated
 }}
| timezone1               = [[Greenwich Mean Time|GMT]]
| utc_offset1             = +0
| timezone1_DST           = [[British Summer Time|BST]]
| utc_offset1_DST         = +1
<!-- Codes -->
| postal_code_type        = [[Postcodes in the United Kingdom|Postcode areas]]
| postal_code             = 
| area_code_type          = [[Telephone numbers in the United Kingdom|Dialling codes]]
| area_code               = 
| iso_code                = 
| blank1_name             = [[International Territorial Level|ITL code]]
| blank1_info             = TLE
| blank2_name             = [[GSS coding system|GSS code]]
| blank2_info             = E12000003
| website                 = 
}}
'''Yorkshire and the Humber''' is one of nine official [[regions of England]] at the first level of [[ITL (UK)|ITL]] for [[Office for National Statistics|statistical]] purposes.{{efn|ITL replaced [[Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics|NUTS]] and followed the same definitions of its predecessor until 2023}} The population in 2021 was 5,480,774<ref name="2021 Nomis" /> with its largest settlements being [[Leeds]], [[Sheffield]], [[Bradford]], [[Kingston upon Hull|Hull]], and [[York]].

It is subdivided into the [[East Riding of Yorkshire]], [[North Yorkshire]] (excluding areas in the [[Tees Valley]] of [[North East England]]), [[South Yorkshire]], [[West Yorkshire]], [[North Lincolnshire]], and [[North East Lincolnshire]]. The committees for the region ceased to exist after the 12 April 2010;<ref>{{cite web |author=Department of the Official Report (Hansard), House of Commons, Westminster |url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201011/cmhansrd/cm100527/debtext/100527-0001.htm#10052726000005 |title=House of Commons Hansard Debates for 27 May 2010 (pt 0001) |publisher=Publications.parliament.uk |date=27 May 2010 |access-date=24 November 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101014020658/http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201011/cmhansrd/cm100527/debtext/100527-0001.htm#10052726000005 |archive-date=14 October 2010 |url-status=live }}</ref> regional ministers were not reappointed by the incoming [[Cameron–Clegg coalition government]], with the associated government offices abolished in 2011.

==Geographical context==
{{Politics of England}}
{{Further|Topographical areas of Yorkshire|Geology of Yorkshire}}

===Geology===
In the [[Yorkshire]] and the [[Humber]] region, there is a very close relationship between the major [[topography|topographical]] areas and the underlying geology.<ref name="genukiorg">{{cite web|url=http://www.genuki.org.uk/big/eng/YKS/|publisher=Genuki.org|title=Yorkshire Geology|access-date=24 October 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071018033105/http://www.genuki.org.uk/big/eng/YKS/|archive-date=18 October 2007|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Pennines|Pennine]] chain of hills in the west is of [[Carboniferous]] origin. The central vale is [[Triassic|Permo-Triassic]]. The [[North York Moors]] in the north-east of the region are [[Jurassic]] in age, while the [[Yorkshire Wolds]] and [[Lincolnshire Wolds]] to the south east are [[Cretaceous]] chalk uplands.<ref name="genukiorg"/>

===Climate===
This region of [[England]] generally has cool summers and relatively mild winters, with the upland areas of the [[North York Moors]] and the [[Pennines]] experiencing the coolest weather and the [[Vale of York]] the warmest. Weather conditions vary from day to day as well as from season to season. The latitude of the area means that it is influenced by predominantly westerly winds with depressions and their associated fronts, bringing with them unsettled and windy weather, particularly in winter. Between depressions, there are often small mobile anticyclones that bring periods of fair weather. In winter [[anticyclone]]s bring cold dry weather. In summer the anticyclones tend to bring dry, settled conditions which can lead to drought. For its latitude, this area is mild in winter and cooler in summer due to the influence of the [[Gulf Stream]] in the northern [[Atlantic Ocean]].

Air temperature varies on a daily and seasonal basis. Cities such as Sheffield, Leeds, and Bradford are generally cooler due to their inland and upland location, while York, Hull, and Wakefield are warmer due to their lowland location. The temperature is usually lower at night; January is the coldest time of the year and July is usually the warmest month.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate/uk/location/england/ |title=English Climate |access-date=3 May 2008 |publisher=Met Office |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070929090912/http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate/uk/location/england/ |archive-date = 29 September 2007}}</ref>

Snow is not uncommon in the winter, Yorkshire is mostly hilly/mountainous, and the Yorkshire Dales and the Pennines can have extreme snowstorms with high snowdrifts. Inland/upland settlements, such as Skipton or Ilkley, have more snow than coastal towns. Hull and Scarborough have less snow as their weather is moderated by the ocean.

Climate data for settlements in the region:
{{Kingston upon Hull weatherbox}}

{{Weather box|location = Leeds
|metric first = Yes
|single line = Yes
|Jan high C = 5.8
|Feb high C = 5.9
|Mar high C = 8.7
|Apr high C = 11.3
|May high C = 15.0
|Jun high C = 18.2
|Jul high C = 19.9
|Aug high C = 19.9
|Sep high C = 17.3
|Oct high C = 13.4
|Nov high C = 8.8
|Dec high C = 6.7
|Jan low C = 0.3
|Feb low C = 0.2
|Mar low C = 1.6
|Apr low C = 3.1
|May low C = 5.5
|Jun low C = 8.5
|Jul low C = 10.4
|Aug low C = 10.5
|Sep low C = 8.7
|Oct low C = 6.3
|Nov low C = 2.9
|Dec low C = 1.2
|Jan rain mm = 61
|Feb rain mm = 45
|Mar rain mm = 52
|Apr rain mm = 48
|May rain mm = 54
|Jun rain mm = 54
|Jul rain mm = 51
|Aug rain mm = 65
|Sep rain mm = 57
|Oct rain mm = 55
|Nov rain mm = 57
|Dec rain mm = 61
|source 1 = <ref name= wtclimate>{{cite web
| url = http://wunderground.com
| title = Leeds average weather data.
| access-date = 14 November 2010
| publisher = www.worldtravels.com
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160121003056/http://www.wunderground.com/
| archive-date = 21 January 2016
| url-status = dead
}}</ref>
|date = October 2010}}

{{Weather box
|location = Sheffield
|metric first = Yes
|single line = Yes
|Jan high C = 6.4
|Feb high C = 6.7
|Mar high C = 9.3
|Apr high C = 11.8
|May high C = 15.7
|Jun high C = 18.3
|Jul high C = 20.8
|Aug high C = 20.6
|Sep high C = 17.3
|Oct high C = 13.3
|Nov high C = 9.2
|Dec high C = 7.2
|year high C = 13.1
|Jan low C = 1.6
|Feb low C = 1.6
|Mar low C = 3.1
|Apr low C = 4.4
|May low C = 7.0
|Jun low C = 10.0
|Jul low C = 12.4
|Aug low C = 12.1
|Sep low C = 10.0
|Oct low C = 7.2
|Nov low C = 4.2
|Dec low C = 2.6
|year low C = 6.4
|Jan precipitation mm = 86.5
|Feb precipitation mm = 63.4
|Mar precipitation mm = 67.9
|Apr precipitation mm = 62.5
|May precipitation mm = 55.5
|Jun precipitation mm = 66.7
|Jul precipitation mm = 51.0
|Aug precipitation mm = 63.5
|Sep precipitation mm = 64.3
|Oct precipitation mm = 73.9
|Nov precipitation mm = 77.7
|Dec precipitation mm = 91.9
|year precipitation mm = 824.7
|source 1 = The [[Met Office]]<ref name="Met Averages">{{cite web|url=http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate/uk/averages/19712000/sites/sheffield.html|title=Sheffield 1971–2000 averages|access-date=17 July 2010|publisher=Met Office|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605073444/http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate/uk/averages/19712000/sites/sheffield.html|archive-date=5 June 2011|url-status=live}}</ref>
|date=August 2010
}}

{{Weather box
|location = York
|metric first = yes
|single line = yes
|Jan high C = 6
|Feb high C = 7
|Mar high C = 10
|Apr high C = 13
|May high C = 16
|Jun high C = 19
|Jul high C = 21
|Aug high C = 21
|Sep high C = 18
|Oct high C = 14
|Nov high C = 10
|Dec high C = 7
|Jan low C = 1
|Feb low C = 1
|Mar low C = 2
|Apr low C = 4
|May low C = 7
|Jun low C = 10
|Jul low C = 12
|Aug low C = 12
|Sep low C = 10
|Oct low C = 7
|Nov low C = 4
|Dec low C = 2
|year low C = 6
|Jan precipitation mm = 59
|Feb precipitation mm = 46
|Mar precipitation mm = 37
|Apr precipitation mm = 41
|May precipitation mm = 50
|Jun precipitation mm = 50
|Jul precipitation mm = 62
|Aug precipitation mm = 68
|Sep precipitation mm = 55
|Oct precipitation mm = 56
|Nov precipitation mm = 65
|Dec precipitation mm = 50
|source 1 = [[BBC Weather]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/world/city_guides/results.shtml?tt=TT003820 |title=Average Conditions – York, United Kingdom |publisher=BBC |work=BBC Weather |access-date=8 March 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100812014156/http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/world/city_guides/results.shtml?tt=TT003820 |archive-date=12 August 2010 }}</ref>
|date=August 2010
}}

==Local government==
The official [[Regions of England|region]] consists of the following subdivisions:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gos.gov.uk/goyh/ourregion/las/ |title=Local Authorities |access-date=6 May 2008 |date=April 2008 |publisher=Government Office for Yorkshire and the Humber |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060317063622/http://www.gos.gov.uk/goyh/ourregion/las/ |archive-date=17 March 2006 |url-status=dead  }}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|+Key
|(UA) [[Unitary authorities of England|unitary authority]] || (MC) [[metropolitan county]] || (CA) [[combined authority]]
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! <!--Combined authorities || -->Ceremonial county || Council area || Cities/towns
|-
|rowspan=2| [[East Riding of Yorkshire]] || [[East Riding of Yorkshire (district)|East Riding of Yorkshire]] (UA)||Towns of [[Beverley]], [[Bridlington]], [[Driffield]], [[Goole]], [[Hedon]], [[Hessle]], [[Hornsea]], [[Howden]], [[Market Weighton]], [[Pocklington]], [[Snaith]] and [[Withernsea]]
|-
|[[City of Kingston upon Hull|Kingston upon Hull]] (UA)||City of [[Hull, England|Hull]]
|-
|rowspan=2| [[North Yorkshire]]<br /><small>(part only)</small>||[[North Yorkshire (district)|North Yorkshire]] (UA)||City of [[Ripon]] as well as the towns of [[Harrogate]], [[Scarborough, North Yorkshire|Scarborough]], [[Northallerton]], [[Knaresborough]], [[Selby]], [[Skipton]], [[Whitby]] and [[Filey]]
|-
|[[City of York|York]] (UA)||City of [[York]] as well as the town of [[Haxby]].
|-
|rowspan=2| [[Lincolnshire]]<br /><small>(part only)</small>
|[[North Lincolnshire]] (UA)||Towns of [[Scunthorpe]], [[Barton-upon-Humber]] and [[Brigg]]
|-
|[[North East Lincolnshire]] (UA)||Towns of [[Grimsby]] and [[Cleethorpes]]
|-
|rowspan=4| [[South Yorkshire]]<br /><small>(also MC and CA)</small>|| [[City of Sheffield|Sheffield]]||City of [[Sheffield]] as well as the town of [[Stocksbridge]]
|-
|[[Metropolitan Borough of Rotherham|Rotherham]]||Towns of [[Rotherham]], [[Wath upon Dearne|Wath]], [[Maltby, South Yorkshire|Maltby]] and [[Swinton, South Yorkshire|Swinton]]
|-
|[[Metropolitan Borough of Barnsley|Barnsley]]||Towns of [[Barnsley]], [[Hoyland]], [[Penistone]] and [[Wombwell]]
|-
|[[Metropolitan Borough of Doncaster|Doncaster]]||City of [[Doncaster]] as well as the town of [[Thorne, South Yorkshire|Thorne]]
|-
|rowspan=5| [[West Yorkshire]]<br /><small>(also MC and CA)</small>|| [[City of Wakefield|Wakefield]]|| City of [[Wakefield]] as well as the towns of [[Castleford]], [[Featherstone, West Yorkshire|Featherstone]], [[Knottingley]], [[Normanton, West Yorkshire|Normanton]] and [[Pontefract]]
|-
|[[Kirklees]]||Towns of [[Huddersfield]], [[Dewsbury]] and [[Batley]]
|-
|[[Calderdale]]||Towns of [[Halifax, West Yorkshire|Halifax]], [[Brighouse]], [[Todmorden]], [[Sowerby Bridge]], [[Elland]] and [[Hebden Royd]]
|-
|[[City of Bradford|Bradford]]||City of [[Bradford]] as well as the towns of [[Keighley]], [[Shipley, West Yorkshire|Shipley]], [[Bingley]] and [[Ilkley]]
|-
|[[City of Leeds|Leeds]]||City of [[Leeds]] as well as the towns of [[Farsley]], [[Garforth]], [[Guiseley]], [[Horsforth]], [[Morley, West Yorkshire|Morley]], [[Otley]], [[Pudsey]], [[Rothwell, West Yorkshire|Rothwell]], [[Wetherby]] and [[Yeadon, West Yorkshire|Yeadon]]
|}
North Lincolnshire, North East Lincolnshire, East Riding of Yorkshire and Kingston upon Hull unitary authorities used to be part of [[Humberside]] which meant the region was called Yorkshire & Humberside.

===List of districts by population===
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Key
| style="background:#eeeebb;" | || City
|-
| style="background:#eeddee;" | || Borough
|-
| style="background:#bbeeee;" | || District
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
|+ <ref>{{cite web|title=Yorkshire and The Humber Cities,Population,County TheTopMatters|url=https://www.thetopmatters.com/2021/08/yorkshire-and-humber.html|access-date=15 August 2021|website=The Top Matters – Know About Our World More}}</ref>
|-
! Rank
! District 
! County
! Population
|-
|1
|style="background:#eeeebb; width:1em"|[[City of Leeds|Leeds]]
|[[West Yorkshire]]
|789,194
|-
|2
|style="background:#bbeeee; width:1em"|[[North Yorkshire (district)|North Yorkshire]]
|[[North Yorkshire]]
|614,505
|-
|3
|style="background:#eeeebb; width:1em"|[[City of Sheffield|Sheffield]]
|[[South Yorkshire]]
|582,506
|-
|4
|style="background:#eeeebb; width:1em"|[[City of Bradford|Bradford]]
|[[West Yorkshire]]
|537,173
|-
|5
|style="background:#eeddee; width:1em"|[[Kirklees]]
|[[West Yorkshire]]
|438,727
|-
|6
|style="background:#eeeebb; width:1em"|[[City of Wakefield|Wakefield]]
|[[West Yorkshire]]
|345,038
|-
|7
|style="background:#bbeeee; width:1em"|[[East Riding of Yorkshire]]
|[[East Riding of Yorkshire (district)|East Riding of Yorkshire]]
|339,614
|-
|8
|style="background:#eeeebb; width:1em"|[[Metropolitan Borough of Doncaster|Doncaster]]
|[[South Yorkshire]]
|310,542
|-
|9
|style="background:#eeddee; width:1em"|[[Metropolitan Borough of Rotherham|Rotherham]]
|[[South Yorkshire]]
|264,671
|-
|10
|style="background:#eeeebb; width:1em"|[[Kingston upon Hull]]
|[[East Riding of Yorkshire]]
|260,645
|-
|11
|style="background:#eeddee; width:1em"|[[Metropolitan Borough of Barnsley|Barnsley]]
|[[South Yorkshire]]
|245,199
|-
|12
|style="background:#eeeebb; width:1em"|[[City of York|York]]
|[[North Yorkshire]]
|209,893
|-
|13
|style="background:#eeddee; width:1em"|[[Calderdale]]
|[[West Yorkshire]]
|203,826
|-
|14
|style="background:#eeddee; width:1em"|[[North Lincolnshire]]
|[[Lincolnshire]]
|172,005
|-
|15
|style="background:#eeddee; width:1em"|[[North East Lincolnshire]]
|[[Lincolnshire]]
|159,821
|-
|}

==Regional assembly==
The [[Yorkshire and Humber Assembly]] was a partnership of all local authorities in the region and representatives of various economic, social and environmental sectors. The full Assembly normally met three times a year, normally in February, June and October.
<blockquote>
The full Assembly is responsible for providing regional leadership, agreeing regional strategic priorities, directing the development of the Integrated Regional Framework and endorsing key regional strategies. Membership comprises all 22 local authorities in this region, plus 15 Social, Economic and Environmental partners, and the National Parks for planning purposes.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.yhassembly.gov.uk/About%20Us/What%20is%20the%20Assembly%20and%20how%20does%20it%20work/ |title=What is the Assembly and how does it work? |access-date=12 May 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080820044437/http://www.yhassembly.gov.uk/About%20Us/What%20is%20the%20Assembly%20and%20how%20does%20it%20work |archive-date=20 August 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
</blockquote>

On 31 March 2009, the Assembly was abolished and replaced by [[Local Government Yorkshire and Humber]], until its subsequent closure in 2015.

Yorkshire is one of the two regions (along with the [[North West England|North West]]) that were expected to have a referendum about the establishment of an elected [[Regional Assemblies in England|regional assembly]]. When the [[North East England|North East]] region of England rejected having an elected regional assembly in a referendum, the then [[Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Deputy Prime Minister]] [[John Prescott]]  announced that he would not move orders for [[2004 Northern England devolution referendums|other referendums]] before the relevant provisions expired in June 2005.

==European Parliament==
Before the [[Brexit|UK exit]] from the [[European Union]] on 31 January 2020, the European constituency of [[Yorkshire and the Humber (European Parliament constituency)|Yorkshire and the Humber]] was coterminous with the English region.
[[File:Yorkshire and the Humber population pyramid 2020.svg|thumb|368x368px|Population pyramid in 2020]]

==Demographics==
[[File:Regional Profile of Yorkshire and The Humber.png|thumb]]

===Population, density and settlements===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! County
! Population
! Population density
! Largest town/city
! Largest urban area
|-
| '''Yorkshire and the Humber'''
| '''5,177,200'''
| '''328/km<sup>2</sup>'''
| '''[[Leeds]] (761,100)'''
| '''[[West Yorkshire Urban Area]] (1,499,465)'''
|-
| [[West Yorkshire]]
| 2,118,600
| 1,004/km<sup>2</sup>
| Leeds (761,100)
| West Yorkshire Urban Area (1,499,465)
|-
| [[South Yorkshire]]
| 1,292,900
| 833/km<sup>2</sup>
| [[Sheffield]] (551,800)
| [[Sheffield Urban Area]] (640,720)
|-
| [[East Riding of Yorkshire]]
| 587,100
| 137/km<sup>2</sup>
| [[Kingston upon Hull]] (257,000)
| [[Kingston upon Hull Urban Area]] (301,416)
|-
| [[North Yorkshire]] (part)
| 1,061,300
| 123/km<sup>2</sup>
| [[York]] (193,300)
| [[York Urban Area]] (137,505)
|-
| [[Lincolnshire]] (part)
| 217,900 <!--NEL 158,900 + NL 159,000-->
| 508/km<sup>2</sup><!--NL 188 + NEL 828 /2-->
| [[Grimsby]] (87,574)
| Grimsby/[[Cleethorpes]] (138,842)
|}

<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gos.gov.uk/goyh/factgoyh/Yorkshireandthehumber/ |title=Fact Files: Yorkshire and The Humber > Yorkshire and The Humber |access-date=6 May 2008 |last=Office for National Statistics. |date=April 2008 |publisher=Government Office for Yorkshire and the Humber |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081025041738/http://www.gos.gov.uk/goyh/factgoyh/Yorkshireandthehumber/ |archive-date=25 October 2008 |url-status=dead  }}</ref>

The region has fewer degree-educated adults than the England average and the UK's highest rate of cancer.

=== Ethnicity ===
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="3" |Ethnic group
! colspan="12" |Year
|-
! colspan="2" |1971 estimations<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1t8915s |title=Explaining ethnic differences: Changing patterns of disadvantage in Britain |date=2003 |publisher=Bristol University Press |edition=1|doi=10.2307/j.ctt1t8915s |jstor=j.ctt1t8915s }}</ref>
! colspan="2" |1981 estimations<ref>{{cite journal |date=1985 |title=Ethnic minorities in Britain: statistical information on the pattern of settlement |url=https://jstor.org/stable/community.28327806 |journal=Commission for Racial Equality |pages=Table 2.1 |last1=Equality |first1=Commission for Racial }}</ref>
! colspan="2" |1991<ref>Data is taken from United Kingdom [http://casweb.ukdataservice.ac.uk/index.htm Casweb Data services] of the United Kingdom [http://casweb.ukdataservice.ac.uk/step1.cfm 1991 Census on Ethnic Data for England] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220405213012/http://casweb.ukdataservice.ac.uk/step1.cfm |date=5 April 2022 }} (Table 6)</ref>
! colspan="2" |2001<ref>{{cite web |title=Office of National Statistics; 2001 Census Key Statistics |url=https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ukgwa/20160105160709/http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/census-2001-key-statistics/local-authorities-in-england-and-wales/local-authorities-ks06--ethnic-group.xls |access-date=24 June 2022 |website=webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |2011<ref>{{cite web |title=2011 Census: Ethnic Group, local authorities in England and Wales |url=https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ukgwa/20160105160709/http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/2011-census/key-statistics-for-local-authorities-in-england-and-wales/rft-table-ks201ew.xls |access-date=24 June 2022 |website=webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |2021<ref>{{cite web |title=Ethnic group – Office for National Statistics |url=https://www.ons.gov.uk/datasets/TS021/editions/2021/versions/1/filter-outputs/d2f0a39a-75b6-4995-b4bd-a5b68ff79027#get-data |access-date=29 November 2022 |website=www.ons.gov.uk}}</ref>
|-
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
![[White people in the United Kingdom|White]]: Total
!–
!98.1%
!4,600,341
!96.8%
!4,622,503
!95.6%
!4,641,263
!93.48%
!4,691,956
!88.8%
!4,679,965
!85.5%
|-
|White: [[White British|British]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|4,551,394
|91.67%
|4,531,137
|85.75%
|4,431,265
|80.9%
|-
|White: [[Irish Briton|Irish]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|32,735
|0.65%
|26,410
|0.49%
|25,215
|0.5%
|-
|White: [[Irish Traveller]]/[[Romani people|Gypsy]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
| –
| –
|4,378
| –
|5,891
|0.1%
|-
|White: Roma
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|9,464
|0.2%
|-
|White: [[White Other (United Kingdom Census)|Other]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|57,134
|1.15%
|130,031
|2.46%
|208,130
|3.8%
|-
![[British Asian|Asian or Asian British]]: Total
!–
!–
!–
!–
!159,355
!3.3%
!234,826
!4.72%
!385,964
!7.3%
!487,055
!8.8%
|-
|Asian or Asian British: [[Non-resident Indian and person of Indian origin|Indian]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|40,752
|
|51,493
|
|69,252
|
|81,322
|1.5%
|-
|Asian or Asian British: [[British Pakistani|Pakistani]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|94,820
|
|146,330
|
|225,892
|
|296,437
|5.4%
|-
|Asian or Asian British: [[British Bangladeshi|Bangladeshi]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|8,347
|
|12,330
|
|22,424
|
|29,018
|0.5%
|-
|Asian or Asian British: [[British Chinese|Chinese]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|8,177
|
|12,340
|
|28,435
|
|29,589
|0.5%
|-
|Asian or Asian British: [[British Asian|Asian Other]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|7,259
|
|12,333
|
|39,961
|
|50,689
|0.9%
|-
![[Black British people|Black or Black British]]: Total
!–
!–
!–
!–
!36,634
!0.8%
!34,262
!0.69%
!80,345
!1.52%
!117,643
!2.2%
|-
|Black or Black British: [[Black British|African]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|4,885
|
|9,625
|
|46,033
|
|80,907
|1.5%
|-
|Black or Black British: [[British African-Caribbean community|Caribbean]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|21,513
|
|21,308
|
|23,420
|
|22,736
|0.4%
|-
|Black or Black British: [[Other Black|Other]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|10,236
|
|3,329
|
|10,892
|
|14,000
|0.3%
|-
![[Mixed (United Kingdom ethnicity category)|Mixed]]: Total
!–
!–
!–
!–
!–
!–
!44,995
!0.9%
!84,558
!1.6%
!117,017
!2.2%
|-
|Mixed: [[White people|White]] and [[British African-Caribbean community|Caribbean]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|18,187
|
|33,241
|
|39,296
|0.7%
|-
|Mixed: [[White people|White]] and [[Black British|African]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|4,094
|
|9,321
|
|15,644
|0.3%
|-
|Mixed: [[White people|White]] and [[British Asian|Asian]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|14,218
|
|26,008
|
|36,888
|0.7%
|-
|Mixed: [[Multiracial|Other Mixed]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|8,496
|
|15,988
|
|25,189
|0.5%
|-
!Other: Total
!–
!–
!–
!–
!18,032
!0.4%
!9,487
!0.19%
!40,910
!0.77%
!79,094
!1.5%
|-
|Other: [[Arab people|Arab]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
| –
| –
|21,340
|
|25,474
|0.5%
|-
|Other: Any other ethnic group
|–
|–
|–
|–
|18,032
|0.4%
|9,487
|0.19%
|19,570
|
|53,620
|1.0%
|-
!Non-White: Total
!–
!1.9%
!154,344
!3.2%
!214,021
!4.4%
!323,570
!6.5%
!591,777
!11.2%
!800,809
!14.5%
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!Total
!–
!100%
!4,754,685
!100%
!4,836,524
!100%
!4,964,833
!100%
!5,283,733
!100%
!5,480,774
!100%
|}

===Religion===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Religion in Yorkshire and the Humber
|-
! rowspan="2" |Religion
! colspan="2" |[[2021 United Kingdom census|2021]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=TS030 - Religion Edit query|url=https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/datasets/c2021ts030|access-date=2022-11-29|website=www.nomisweb.co.uk}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |[[2011 United Kingdom census|2011]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=KS209EW (Religion) - Nomis - 2011 |url=https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/census/2011/ks209ew |access-date=2022-10-18 |website=www.nomisweb.co.uk}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |[[2001 United Kingdom census|2001]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=KS007 - Religion - Nomis - 2001 |url=https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/datasets/ks007 |access-date=2022-10-18 |website=www.nomisweb.co.uk}}</ref>
|-
!Number
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!Number
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!Number
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
|-
| style="background:#E0E0FF;" |[[History of Christianity in Britain|Christianity]]
| 2,461,519
| 44.9%
| 3,373,450
| 60.2%
| 3,627,774
| 73.1%
|-
| style="background:#E0FFD0;" |[[Islam in the United Kingdom|Islam]]
| 442,533
| 8.1%
| 376,152
| 6.7%
| 189,089
| 3.8%
|-
| style="background:#FFE0C0;" |[[Hinduism in the United Kingdom|Hinduism]]
| 29,243
| 0.5%
| 24,074
| 0.5%
| 15,797
| 0.3%
|-
| style="background:#F0F0C0;" |[[Sikhism in the United Kingdom|Sikhism]]
| 24,034
| 0.4%
| 22,179
| 0.4%
| 18,711
| 0.4%
|-
| style="background:#FFFFC0;" |[[Buddhism in the United Kingdom|Buddhism]]
| 15,803
| 0.3%
| 14,319
| 0.3%
| 7,188
| 0.1%
|-
| style="background:#E0F0FF;" |[[History of the Jews in the United Kingdom|Judaism]]
| 9,355
| 0.2%
| 9,929
| 0.2%
| 11,554
| 0.2%
|-
| style="background:#F0E0F0;" |Other religion
| 23,618
| 0.4%
| 16,517
| 0.3%
| 9,624
| 0.2%
|-
| style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Irreligion in the United Kingdom|No religion]]
| 2,161,185
| 39.4%
| 1,366,219
| 25.9%
| 699,327
| 14.1%
|-
| style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Religion not stated
| 313,484
| 5.7%
| 360,627
| 6.8%
| 385,769
| 7.8%
|-
!Total population
! '''5,480,774'''
! '''100%'''
! '''5,283,733'''
! '''100%'''
! '''4,964,833'''
! '''100%'''
|-
|}

===Teenage pregnancy===
For top-tier authorities, Kingston upon Hull has the highest [[Teenage pregnancy and sexual health in the United Kingdom|teenage pregnancy]] rate, closely followed by [[North East Lincolnshire]]. For top-tier authorities, [[North Yorkshire]] has the lowest teenage pregnancy rate.{{citation needed|date=January 2023}}

Rotherham had the UK's youngest grandmother – 26 years old. Her 12-year-old daughter gave birth on 26 August 1999.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/432463.stm |title=Grandmother at 26 |work=[[BBC News]] |date=28 August 1999 |access-date=7 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190123082541/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/432463.stm |archive-date=23 January 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Social deprivation===
{{update|section|date=January 2023}}
For [[Multiple deprivation index|multiple deprivation]] in England, measured by the [[Indices of deprivation 2007]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.communities.gov.uk/documents/communities/pdf/576659.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110202174814/http://www.communities.gov.uk/documents/communities/pdf/576659.pdf|archive-date=2 February 2011 |url-status=dead|title=LSOA deprivation data |access-date=29 December 2010}}</ref> the most deprived council districts in the region are, in descending order – Kingston upon Hull (11th in England), Bradford (32nd), Doncaster (41st), Barnsley (43rd), North East Lincolnshire (49th), Sheffield (63rd), Wakefield (66th), Rotherham (68th), Kirklees (82nd), Leeds (85th), and Scarborough (97th). These areas are mostly represented by Labour MPs, with a few Conservative MPs representing parts of Leeds (with a Lib Dem MP) and North East Lincolnshire, and all of Scarborough. Apart from Scarborough, they are unitary authorities.

The least deprived districts are, in descending order – Harrogate, Hambleton, Richmondshire, Craven, and Selby – all in North Yorkshire. Like all of North Yorkshire, they are represented by Conservative MPs, aside from Selby which elected a Labour MP at the [[2023 Selby and Ainsty by-election]]. At county level, the least deprived areas are, in descending order – North Yorkshire, York and the East Riding of Yorkshire which all have roughly the same level of deprivation, and lower than the majority of England, including [[Cheshire]] and [[Northamptonshire]].

The region as a whole is one of the more deprived in England, measured by having far more [[Super Output Areas|Lower Layer Super Output Areas]] (LSOAs) in the 20% most deprived districts than the 20% least deprived districts.

Kingston upon Hull has the highest proportion of people not in education, employment or training [[NEET]]s in the region (and fairly high for the UK – 10.6%).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://oneplace.audit-commission.gov.uk/infobyarea/region/area/areaperformanceindicators/areapriorityperformanceindicators/pages/priorityperformanceindicatorperformance.aspx?region=56&area=367&Gkey=282VqIaaVSJtHqsqtGzO9YO7R23XJ3ja7MCpPqD4IW8rtnReSYIM9g%3d%3d&GEARSEntId=2660-AC |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101217164831/http://oneplace.audit-commission.gov.uk/infobyarea/region/area/areaperformanceindicators/areapriorityperformanceindicators/Pages/priorityperformanceindicatorperformance.aspx?region=56&area=367&Gkey=282VqIaaVSJtHqsqtGzO9YO7R23XJ3ja7MCpPqD4IW8rtnReSYIM9g%3d%3d&GEARSEntId=2660-AC |url-status=dead |archive-date=17 December 2010 |title=Audito Commission Hull NEETs |publisher=Oneplace.audit-commission.gov.uk |access-date=29 December 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=The Committee Office, House of Commons |url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200910/cmselect/cmchilsch/316/31606.htm |title=NEETs in the UK |publisher=Publications.parliament.uk |date=8 April 2010 |access-date=29 December 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101013181030/http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200910/cmselect/cmchilsch/316/31606.htm |archive-date=13 October 2010 |url-status=live }}</ref> This is another demographic extreme it shares with [[Metropolitan Borough of Knowsley|Knowsley]] in Merseyside.

In March 2011 the region had the third highest overall [[Jobseeker's Allowance|unemployment claimant]] count in England with 4.4%. For the region, Hull has the highest rate with 7.8% which is the highest for any English district; [[North East Lincolnshire]] is next with 6.4%, and Doncaster has 5.2%. [[Richmondshire]] has the lowest rate with 1.8% and Harrogate is next lowest with 1.9%.<ref>[http://www.statistics.gov.uk/elmr/downloads/Table6-18.xls Claimant count] {{dead link|date=May 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>

===Elections===
{{unreferenced section|date=June 2015}}
[[File:United Kingdom General Election 2017 Results Map (Yorkshire and the Humber).svg|thumb|right|General Election results in 2017]]
In the [[2015 United Kingdom general election|2015 general election]], 39% of the region's electorate voted Labour, 33% Conservative, 16% UKIP, 7% Liberal Democrat and 4% Green. Labour had almost twice as many seats than the Conservatives with 33 Labour, 19 Conservative and 2 Liberal Democrat. There was a 2.5% swing from Conservative to Labour. However, although Labour has around 60% of the region's seats, the geographic spread is mostly Conservative, due to the Labour seats having a much smaller geographic area.

In the [[2017 United Kingdom general election|2017 general election]], [[Sheffield Hallam (UK Parliament constituency)|Sheffield Hallam]] incumbent [[Nick Clegg]] (Liberal Democrats) was defeated by Labour candidate [[Jared O'Mara]], with Labour taking all of [[South Yorkshire]] while remaining concentrated in the other coalfield areas and Hull. However, the [[2019 United Kingdom general election|2019 general election]] saw Labour lose ground, mainly to the Conservatives, within the region.

{{Constituencies in Yorkshire and the Humber}}

===ONS ITL===
In the [[Office for National Statistics]] [[International Territorial Levels]] (ITL), Yorkshire and the Humber is a level-1 ITL region, coded "UKE", which is subdivided as follows:

{| class="wikitable"
|- style="background:gold; text-align:left;"
! ITL 1
! Code
! ITL 2
! Code
! ITL 3
! Code
|-
| Yorkshire and the Humber
| UKE
| rowspan=3 | [[East Riding of Yorkshire|East Riding]] and North [[Lincolnshire]]
| rowspan=3 | UKE1
| [[Kingston upon Hull]]
| UKE11
|-
| rowspan="10" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| [[File:NUTS 3 regions of Yorkshire and the Humber 2010 map.svg|240px]]
| [[East Riding of Yorkshire]]
| UKE12
|-
| [[North Lincolnshire|North]] and [[North East Lincolnshire]]
| UKE13
|-
| rowspan=2 | [[North Yorkshire]]
| rowspan=2 | UKE2
| [[City of York|York]]
| UKE21
|-
| [[North Yorkshire]] CC
| UKE22
|-
| rowspan=2 | [[South Yorkshire]]
| rowspan=2 | UKE3
| [[Barnsley (borough)|Barnsley]], [[Doncaster (borough)|Doncaster]] and [[Rotherham (borough)|Rotherham]]
| UKE31
|-
| [[City of Sheffield|Sheffield]]
| UKE32
|-
| rowspan=4 | [[West Yorkshire]]
| rowspan=4 | UKE4
| [[City of Bradford|Bradford]]
| UKE41
|-
| [[City of Leeds|Leeds]]
| UKE42
|-
| [[Calderdale]] and [[Kirklees (borough)|Kirklees]]
| UKE44
|-
| [[City of Wakefield|Wakefield]]
| UKE45
|}<!--

===Ethnicity===
===Place of Birth===
===Religion===
===Language and dialect===
==History==
===Prior to formation of the Yorkshire and the Humber===
===After formation of the Yorkshire and the Humber===

-->
==Transport==

===Transport policy===
[[File:Ouse Motorway Bridge.jpg|thumb|left|M62 [[Ouse Bridge (M62)|Ouse Bridge]], built in 1976]]
{{update section|date=May 2020}}
As part of the national transport planning system, the [[Regional Assemblies in England|Regional Assembly]] is required to produce a Regional Transport Strategy to provide long-term planning for transport in the region. This involves region wide transport schemes such as those carried out by the [[Highways Agency]] and [[Network Rail]].<ref name=GoYH1>{{cite web
 |url          = http://www.gos.gov.uk/goyh/transp/rts/?a=42496
 |title        = Regional Transport Strategy: the National Picture
 |publisher    = [[Government Offices for the English Regions|Government Office for Yorkshire and The Humber]]
 |access-date   = 7 May 2009
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20060712044329/http://www.gos.gov.uk/goyh/transp/rts/?a=42496
 |archive-date  = 12 July 2006
 |url-status   = dead
}}</ref>
Within the region the local transport authorities plan for the future by producing [[Local transport plan|Local Transport Plans (LTP)]] which outline their strategies, policies and implementation programmes.<ref name=DfT1>{{cite web|url=http://www.dft.gov.uk/pgr/regional/ltp/theltpprocess |title=The LTP Process |publisher=[[Department for Transport]] |access-date=7 May 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090816091752/http://www.dft.gov.uk/pgr/regional/ltp/theltpprocess |archive-date=16 August 2009 }}</ref> The most recent LTP is that for the period 2006–11. In the Yorkshire and The Humber region the following transport authorities have published their LTP online: [[East Riding of Yorkshire]] U.A.,<ref name=ERYLTP>{{cite web
 |url          = http://www.eastriding.gov.uk/az/face_service_live_proc?p_aplaws_ref=118&p_category_ref=2174&p_app_ref=&p_spec_ref=
 |title        = East Riding of Yorkshire 2006–11 Local Transport Plan
 |publisher    = [[East Riding of Yorkshire|East Riding of Yorkshire Council]]
 |access-date   = 7 May 2009
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20061025025714/http://www.eastriding.gov.uk/az/face_service_live_proc?p_aplaws_ref=118&p_category_ref=2174&p_app_ref=&p_spec_ref=
 |archive-date  = 25 October 2006
 |url-status   = dead
}}</ref> [[Kingston upon Hull]],<ref name=HLTP>{{cite web
 |url          = http://www.hullcc.gov.uk/portal/page?_pageid=221,161568&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL
 |title        = Hull 2006–11 Local Transport Plan
 |publisher    = [[Hull City Council]]
 |access-date   = 7 May 2009
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20080701152040/http://www.hullcc.gov.uk/portal/page?_pageid=221,161568&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL
 |archive-date  = 1 July 2008
 |url-status   = dead
}}</ref> [[North East Lincolnshire]] U.A.,<ref name=NELLTP>
{{cite web
|url=http://www.nelincs.gov.uk/transportstreets/transportplanning/Local+Transport+Plan.htm
|title=North East Lincolnshire 2006–11 Local Transport Plan
|publisher=[[North East Lincolnshire|North East Lincolnshire Council]]
|access-date=7 May 2009
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080620105844/http://www.nelincs.gov.uk/transportstreets/transportplanning/Local%2BTransport%2BPlan.htm
|archive-date=20 June 2008
|url-status=dead
}}</ref> [[North Lincolnshire]] U.A.,<ref name=NLLTP>
{{cite web
|url=http://www.northlincs.gov.uk/NorthLincs/Transportandstreets/transportplanning/LocalTransportPlan/
|title=North Lincolnshire 2006–11 Local Transport Plan
|publisher=[[North Lincolnshire|North Lincolnshire Council ]]
|access-date=30 October 2013
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110527185047/http://www.northlincs.gov.uk/NorthLincs/Transportandstreets/transportplanning/LocalTransportPlan/
|archive-date=27 May 2011}}</ref> [[North Yorkshire]],<ref name=NYLTP>{{cite web|url=http://www.northyorks.gov.uk/index.aspx?articleid=3256 |title=North Yorkshire 2006–11 Local Transport Plan |publisher=[[North Yorkshire County Council]] |access-date=7 May 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090720222447/http://www.northyorks.gov.uk/index.aspx?articleid=3256 |archive-date=20 July 2009 }}</ref> [[South Yorkshire]],<ref name=SYLTP>{{cite web|url=http://www.southyorks.gov.uk/index.asp?id=509 |title=South Yorkshire 2006–11 Local Transport Plan |publisher=South Yorkshire Integrated Transport Authority |access-date=7 May 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070828204322/http://www.southyorks.gov.uk/index.asp?id=509 |archive-date=28 August 2007 }}</ref> [[West Yorkshire]]<ref name=WYLTP>{{cite web
|url=http://www.wyltp.com/
|title=West Yorkshire 2006–11 Local Transport Plan
|publisher=West Yorkshire Local Transport Plan Partnership
|access-date=7 May 2009
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090411035117/http://www.wyltp.com/
|archive-date=11 April 2009
|url-status=dead
}}</ref> and [[City of York|York]] U.A.<ref name=YLTP>{{cite web|url=http://www.york.gov.uk/transport/Local_transport_plan/LocalTransportPlan/ |title=2006–11 Local Transport Plan |publisher=[[York|City of York Council]] |access-date=7 May 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081014082513/http://www.york.gov.uk/transport/Local_transport_plan/LocalTransportPlan/ |archive-date=14 October 2008 }}</ref>

===Road===
<!--*Regionwide-->[[File:Map of the M62 motorway - section.svg|thumb|right|The M62's route in relation to the four major cities it serves: Liverpool, Manchester, Leeds and Hull.]]
The [[M62 motorway]] is Yorkshire's main east–west thoroughfare, and north–south routes are the [[M1 motorway|M1]] and the [[A1 road (Great Britain)|A1]], with only the A1 continuing further north, with an upgrade to motorway status currently being built between [[Leeming, North Yorkshire|Leeming]] and [[Barton, North Yorkshire|Barton]]. The other main north–south road in the region is the [[A19 road|A19]].<ref name="patlas">{{cite book|title=Philips Motoring Atlas:Britain|publisher=Philips|location=London|year=2005}}</ref> The [[M180 motorway|M180]] (continuing as the A180) connects the ports at Grimsby and Immingham via the [[M18 motorway (Great Britain)|M18]] ([[European route E22]]).

The [[A64 road]] connects areas in the north-east of the region to the main body of motorways. The M1 was originally designed to finish at the A1 at Doncaster; this section became the M18 in December 1967. The section from the [[Thurcroft Interchange]] to Leeds (originally known as the Leeds-Sheffield Spur) was essentially designed to replace the [[A61 road|A61]], which is still the main road that connects the centres of Sheffield, Barnsley, Wakefield and Leeds, and continues through Harrogate and Ripon to Thirsk. The M180 is shadowed by the [[A18 road (England)|A18]], which is the main road through Scunthorpe. The single-carriageway [[A1079 road|A1079]] connects Hull to York, and has been exceeding its designed capacity for many years.

[[File:Chainbar Roundabout.jpg|thumb|left|The [[Chain Bar junction|Chain Bar Interchange]] on the M62, looking west, at the end of the M606, north of Cleckheaton]]
The main north–south and east–west routes interchange at a series of junctions to the south and east of Leeds, near Castleford. Leeds and Bradford have inner-city urban motorways, while Sheffield has the [[Sheffield Parkway]] and Hull has the ''Clive Sullivan Way'' ([[A63 road|A63]]) which connect the city centres with the motorway network.  Leeds has an inner-ring road network made mostly out of purpose-built motorway stretches which is mostly sub-terrain to the north of the city centre. Bradford, Huddersfield, Sheffield and York have inner-ring roads made by re-aligning existing roads while Halifax has a town-centre relief scheme made up of the Aachen Way and the North Bridge flyovers. The [[Office of the Traffic Commissioner]] central office is on the B6159 in east Leeds (Hillcrest House), which processes England and Wales [[Commercial driver's license|LGV and PSV licences]].

The [[Humber Bridge]], the tallest bridge in the UK at 538&nbsp;feet, was the world's longest suspension bridge from 17 July 1981 until 5 April 1998; it was built to connect with a proposed new town near the [[A15 road (England)|A15]]/M180 interchange.

===Rail===
[[File:Overview of Leeds City railway station 04.jpg|thumb|right|[[Leeds railway station]] is the busiest in the region.]]
The central hubs of the rail network in the region are [[Leeds railway station|Leeds]], [[Sheffield railway station|Sheffield]] and [[York railway station|York]]. The [[East Coast Main Line]] passes through Leeds and York, operated by [[London North Eastern Railway]] which has its headquarters in York.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.railtechnologymagazine.com/Rail-News/new-east-coast-franchise-hq-to-remain-in-york|title=New East Coast franchise HQ to remain in York|magazine=Rail Technology Magazine|date=11 December 2014|access-date=17 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180517153435/http://www.railtechnologymagazine.com/Rail-News/new-east-coast-franchise-hq-to-remain-in-york|archive-date=17 May 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> The [[Midland Main Line]] finishes at Sheffield, with a less regular service to Leeds, operated by [[East Midlands Railway]]. East–west routes are operated by [[TransPennine Express]] to [[Manchester Piccadilly railway station|Manchester]] and [[Liverpool Lime Street railway station|Liverpool]].<ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://www.networkrailmediacentre.co.uk/Content/Detail.asp?ReleaseID=3919&NewsAreaID=2&SearchCategoryID=2
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090215024743/http://www.networkrailmediacentre.co.uk/Content/Detail.asp?ReleaseID=3919&NewsAreaID=2&SearchCategoryID=2
|archive-date=15 February 2009
|title=Network Rail
|publisher=Networkrailmediacentre.co.uk
|access-date=5 October 2008
}}
</ref> Leeds has a fairly extensive commuter network and an electrified section in the North of Bradford provides many commuter services. Sheffield has a smaller commuter rail network and there are also less extensive systems in Doncaster, Huddersfield, Wakefield and Harrogate, which connect the districts of the settlements to the centre by rail. The express service between Leeds and Huddersfield is notably quick.

The [[South Yorkshire Passenger Transport Executive]] and [[West Yorkshire Metro]] subsidise commuters' travel with discount schemes. [[British Rail Class 399|Class 399]] [[tram-train]]s were introduced in Sheffield in 2017.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.metro-report.com/news/single-view/view/sheffield-tram-train-runs-onto-network-rail-infrastructure.html|title=Sheffield tram-train runs onto Network Rail infrastructure|work=[[Metro Report International]]|date=14 May 2018|access-date=17 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180518010414/http://www.metro-report.com/news/single-view/view/sheffield-tram-train-runs-onto-network-rail-infrastructure.html|archive-date=18 May 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Hull is connected to [[London]] by [[Hull Trains]]' services. North Yorkshire has a skeleton train network, with Scarborough and York being the main destinations. The [[Yorkshire Coast Line]] connects [[Hull Paragon Interchange|Hull]] to [[Scarborough railway station|Scarborough]]. The [[Hull to York Line]] runs along the north of the [[Humber]] through [[Selby railway station|Selby]], and takes in [[Sherburn-in-Elmet railway station|Sherburn-in-Elmet]] and nearby rural stations south of York, being of great use to commuters to York since being reopened in the 1980s.

[[File:A HST heads North to York - geograph.org.uk - 330481.jpg|thumb|140px|left|A [[Great North Eastern Railway|GNER]] [[InterCity 125]] near York. The InterCity 125 set the current [[Land speed record for rail vehicles|world speed record]] for a diesel train (148&nbsp;mph) near Thirsk in 1987.]]
South of the Humber, [[Scunthorpe railway station|Scunthorpe]] and nearby rural stations are connected by the [[South Humberside Main Line]], run by [[Northern (train operating company)|Northern]]. [[Grimsby Town railway station|Grimsby]] is connected (also through Scunthorpe) on [[TransPennine Express]]' South TransPennine route from Sheffield (originating at [[Manchester Airport railway station|Manchester Airport]]).

<!-- *West Yorkshire
* The East Riding of Yorkshire
* North Yorkshire
* South Yorkshire
* Lincolnshire -->

{{See also|High-speed rail in the United Kingdom}}
The region is home to a rail land speed record. On 1 November 1987, an [[InterCity 125]] travelled at 238&nbsp;km/h between [[Northallerton railway station|Northallerton]] and [[Thirsk railway station|Thirsk]].<ref>[http://www.125group.org.uk/tag/43102/ 43102] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180518054402/http://www.125group.org.uk/tag/43102/ |date=18 May 2018 }} 125 Group</ref>

===Mass transit===
[[Image:Sheffield tram at Hillsborough - geograph.org.uk - 811984.jpg|thumb|right|[[Sheffield Supertram]] in 1998]]
Only Sheffield has its own mass-transit system, the [[Sheffield Supertram]], owned by SYPTE and run by [[Stagecoach Sheffield|Stagecoach]]. Leeds and Bradford have more developed commuter rail systems but lack any mass transit system. The [[Leeds Supertram]] was an approved scheme in Leeds. However, the funding was pulled and the scheme has been replaced by the proposed [[Leeds Trolleybus]] scheme, which itself, was also cancelled. In the past Bradford, Halifax, Huddersfield, Kingston upon Hull, Leeds, Rotherham, Sheffield and York have all had mass-transit systems.

===Air===
[[File:Leeds Bradford International Airport terminal, left.jpg|thumb|right|[[Leeds Bradford Airport]] is the busiest in the region.]]
Airports in the region are [[Leeds Bradford Airport]] at [[Yeadon, West Yorkshire|Yeadon]], [[Doncaster Sheffield Airport]] (which opened in April 2005 on the former [[RAF Finningley]]) near [[Doncaster]] and [[Humberside Airport]] (which opened in April 1974 on the former [[RAF Kirmington]]) near [[Brigg]] in [[North Lincolnshire]]. Leeds Bradford Airport is the largest in the region by passenger numbers, [[Doncaster Sheffield Airport|Robin Hood]] boasts the longest runway (2.7&nbsp;km) of any airport in the region and Humberside Airport boasts an active heliport. [[Jet2.com]], a popular low-cost airline at Leeds Bradford has around fifty [[Boeing 737]] aircraft.

[[Sheffield City Airport]] formerly served the city of Sheffield. However, the airport struggled to attract many scheduled services and closed following the opening of Doncaster Sheffield Airport.

Lying outside of the region [[Teesside International Airport]] (former [[RAF Middleton St George]]) serves the northernmost areas of the region, being next to the River Tees, and less than a mile from [[Over Dinsdale]] on North Yorkshire's northern edge. There are day and night [[TransPennine Express|direct rail connections]] from the region to [[Manchester Airport]].<ref>
{{cite web 
 |url=http://www.yorkshirenet.co.uk/links-travel.asp?showsub=airlines,airports,ferries,canal%20holidays 
 |title=Yorkshire travel information centre, Airlines, Airports, Ferries, Canal Holidays, Yorkshire, Northern England 
 |publisher=Yorkshirenet.co.uk 
 |access-date=5 October 2008
 |url-status=dead 
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090129152609/http://yorkshirenet.co.uk/links-travel.asp?showsub=airlines%2Cairports%2Cferries%2Ccanal%20holidays 
 |archive-date=29 January 2009
}}
</ref> [[National Express Coaches|National Express]] coach services also run directly to [[Heathrow Airport]] from the region.

===Water===
[[File:Fertiliser, Farming and Ferry - geograph.org.uk - 1737437.jpg|thumb|right|The Pride of York ([[MS Norsea]]) ferry, which operates from [[Kingston upon Hull|Hull]], in March 2010; the service to Rotterdam began in August 1965 and the service to Gothenburg (''Göteborg'') started in March 1966]]
[[Kingston upon Hull|Hull]] has daily [[P&O Ferries|ferries]] (former [[North Sea Ferries]]) to [[Port of Bruges-Zeebrugge|Zeebrugge]] and [[Rotterdam]] ([[Europoort]]).<ref>
{{cite web 
 |url=http://www.poferries.com/tourist/content/pages/template/routes_hull_-_zeebrugge_routes_-_hull_-_zeebrugge.htm;jsessionid=ac10182d30d8e78b0c6e70f44aa9b662eecdf72aec4f.e38Mc34Ma3iKa40Ma3aObxyRbxyLe6fznA5Pp7ftolbGmkTy?WT.srch=1?TYPE=aff 
 |title=Hull to Zeebrugge ferries to Belgium – P&O Ferries 
 |publisher=Poferries.com 
 |access-date=5 October 2008
 |url-status=dead 
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606121410/http://www.poferries.com/tourist/content/pages/template/routes_hull_-_zeebrugge_routes_-_hull_-_zeebrugge.htm%3Bjsessionid%3Dac10182d30d8e78b0c6e70f44aa9b662eecdf72aec4f.e38Mc34Ma3iKa40Ma3aObxyRbxyLe6fznA5Pp7ftolbGmkTy?WT.srch=1%3FTYPE%3Daff 
 |archive-date=6 June 2011 }}
</ref> Hull also has a large freight port and an active fishing port. [[Immingham]] carries much freight transport via [[DFDS Tor Line]] and the [[Stena Line]]. [[Goole]] is Britain's most inland port and is used mostly for importing commodities such as [[coal]] and [[timber]].

The region also has a canal network. The [[Leeds and Liverpool Canal]] links West Yorkshire with the North West and the [[Aire and Calder Navigation]] links Leeds and the coal fields of West and North Yorkshire with the ports to the East of the region.  There are also several smaller canals in the region, often built for quite specific purposes.  Many stretches of the smaller canals in the region have been backfilled. The steepest locks in Britain are at Bingley – [[Bingley Five Rise Locks]], built by [[John Longbotham]], who designed the canal.

{{Clear}}
<!-- ==Major cities and towns==
===Town and City Twinnings=== -->

==Economy==
[[File:The Cloud Factory - geograph.org.uk - 349038.jpg|thumb|right|The 4GW [[Drax power station]]'s 850 foot chimney, built in May 1969, is the tallest in the UK; the power station burns 10 million tonnes of coal a year, via 30 trains a day. It has the second-largest electricity output in [[:Category:Electric power in the European Union|western Europe]], after [[Neurath Power Station]] in western Germany]]
Until 2011, [[Yorkshire Forward]] was the [[Regional Development Agency]] charged with improving the Yorkshire and Humber economy, where some 270,000 businesses contribute to an economy worth in excess of £80&nbsp;billion.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.yorkshire-forward.com/www/index.asp |title=Yorkshire Forward |access-date=12 May 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509121420/http://www.yorkshire-forward.com/www/index.asp |archive-date=9 May 2008 }}</ref> The region has the second lowest rate of [[Gross value added|GVA]] in England. However, Leeds has a much higher average GVA than most of South Yorkshire. [[Business Link]] Yorkshire<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.businesslinkyorkshire.co.uk/ |title=Archived copy |access-date=18 October 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130722015434/http://www.businesslinkyorkshire.co.uk/ |archive-date=22 July 2013 }}</ref> until November 2011 was on the Capitol Business Park in [[Dodworth]], west of the M1 near [[Barnsley]] near the bypass ([[A628 road|A628]]). The region's [[Manufacturing Advisory Service]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mas-yh.co.uk/ |title=Manufacturing Advisory Service |website=Mas-yh.co.uk |access-date=7 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306044023/http://mas-yh.co.uk/ |archive-date=6 March 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> was until March 2016 at Saint Martins House in [[Potternewton]] next to [[Chapel Allerton Hospital]], on the former A61, with two other offices at the [[Advanced Manufacturing Park]], [[Catcliffe]] off the [[A630 road|A630]] [[Sheffield Parkway]], and also on ''St. Georges Road'' in the west of Hull; the functions are now represented by the organisation [[Made in Yorkshire]]. The [[UK Trade & Investment|UKTI]] office for the region was off the [[A653 road|A653]], directly south of Bridgewater Place in [[Holbeck]], and its successor (in July 2016) [[Department for International Trade|DIT]] Yorkshire and the Humber is at the Digital Media Centre near [[Barnsley Interchange]], run by Mark Robson.

[[NHS Yorkshire and the Humber]], the regional [[strategic health authority]], was at the roundabout at the bottom of ''Kirkstall Road'' in Leeds, with another office in the north of Sheffield. The charity-funded [[Yorkshire Air Ambulance]], established in October 2000, is based at [[Nostell Priory]] south-east of Wakefield on the A638 (previously at Leeds Bradford Airport) and [[RAF Topcliffe]] (previously until 2012 at [[Bagby]] near Thirsk); the helicopter can land on the main hospitals' roofs. The state-funded [[Yorkshire Ambulance Service]] is based next to Coca-Cola on the Wakefield 41 Business Park, near the A650. [[NHS Blood and Transplant|National Blood Service]] for the area is off the [[A6102 road|A6102]] in the north of Sheffield, at the west end of the [[Northern General Hospital]].

{{See also|:Category:Mining in South Yorkshire}}

Yorkshire in the past has been synonymous with [[Coal mining in the United Kingdom|coal mining]]. Many pits closed in the 1990s, with the last two that were open in the Pontefract area at [[Kellingley Colliery|Kellingley]] (closed on 18 December 2015) and [[Sharlston, West Yorkshire|Sharlston]]. In South Yorkshire, there was [[Maltby Main Colliery]] and [[Hatfield Colliery]] (closed in June 2015) at [[Stainforth, South Yorkshire|Stainforth]]. The [[National Union of Mineworkers (Great Britain)|NUM]] was very Yorkshire-dominated. Coal still plays a part in the economy – there are two large power stations along the [[River Aire|Aire]] Valley, with Drax being the second largest in Europe with 3,945&nbsp;[[Megawatt|MW]] of capacity, and Eggborough which is owned by the Czech Republic's [[Energetický a průmyslový holding]] (EPH) since 2014 and was owned by [[British Energy]] until 2010; Ferrybridge C closed on 23 March 2016. The [[Electricity distribution|distribution]] [[distribution network operator|area]] once looked after by the [[regional electricity company]] [[Yorkshire Electricity]] is now looked after by [[Northern Powergrid]] (former YEDL), owned by [[Berkshire Hathaway]] (since 2001) of [[Omaha, Nebraska]]. The supply side of the region is now owned by [[Npower (United Kingdom)|npower]] (former [[National Power]], now owned by [[RWE]] of [[Essen]], Germany). 29% of the UK's oil is refined on the Humber.

{{Electricity generation in Yorkshire and the Humber}}

===East and North===
{{very long|section|date=August 2020}}
{{More citations needed section|date=November 2016}}
[[File:Corus automated mill in construction (geograph 508425).jpg|thumb|left|British Steel Limited [[Scunthorpe Steelworks|steelworks at Scunthorpe]] ]]
{{See also|List of countries by steel production}}
[[Scunthorpe]] is where steel is [[smelting|smelted]] by [[British Steel Limited]] (former Corus Group before September 2010 then [[Tata Steel Europe]] until June 2016) in the east of the town; it is the largest steelworks in the UK. [[Golden Wonder]] crisps are made in [[Frodingham, Lincolnshire|Frodingham]], opposite the steel works (former site of Riley's Potato Crisps); the brand originated in Scotland. [[Esca Food Solutions]] (another plant was in [[Milton Keynes]] before October 2007) make all the beef [[Patty|patties]] for [[McDonald's]] in the UK and Ireland at their factory in [[Crosby, Lincolnshire|Crosby]] in the north-west of the town, processing around 7000 cattle a week – about 12,000&nbsp;kg an hour; 2.25m cattle are killed in the UK each year. [[International Automotive Components|IAC Group]] (Ecomold before 2008) have a car interiors plant on the Foxhills Industrial Estate in the north of Scunthorpe off the A1077; to the west, [[Can-Pack]] UK (parent company in [[Kraków]]) is on the Skippingdale Industrial Estate, and makes aluminium [[beverage can]]s; further north, [[Nisa (retailer)|Nisa]] (retailer) have their headquarters on the [[Normanby, North Lincolnshire|Normanby]] Enterprise Park, in [[Flixborough]] off the B1430.

Further south on the Foxhills Industrial Estate towards the [[A1077 road|A1077]], Wren Kitchens have a large factory in a former [[B&Q]] warehouse, which closed in 2009; next-door to the north, [[2 Sisters Food Group]] have a large chicken processing plant (Premier Fresh Foods before 2000), built in 1988 as one of the largest plants of its type in Europe, which processes around 1,900,000 chickens per week (customers include [[KFC]]). TSC Foods on the Queensway Industrial Estate at the [[A18 road (England)|A18]]/A1029 roundabout in south-east Scunthorpe supply many foodservice products (sauces) to most UK [[pub chain]]s. Caparo Merchant Bar, next to the steel works in Scunthorpe, are the UK's largest producer of [[merchant bar]]; nearby is British Steel Wire Rod. Vossloh Cogifer UK (former Corus Cogifer before 2012), a joint venture of [[Vossloh|Vossloh Cogifer]] (of [[Reichshoffen]]) and the former Corus Rail, make [[Railroad switch|railway point]]s to the west of Scunthorpe; [[Voestalpine]] also make train tracks too at a huge foundry in Austria

[[Pipers Crisps]] are on a [[RAF Elsham Wolds|former airfield]] next to the A15 at [[Elsham, North Lincolnshire|Elsham]]; next door is IG Industries who produce polyethylene films ([[shrink wrap]]). There are two large oil refineries west of [[Immingham]], owned by [[ConocoPhillips]] ([[Jet (brand)|Jet]]) and [[TotalEnergies]]. [[Kimberly-Clark]] made all of its ''[[Huggies]]'' nappies for Europe at [[Barton-upon-Humber]] until 2013; since 2016, the site has been the headquarters and factory of [[Wren Kitchens]]. [[Techrete]] on the B1207 in the north of Hibaldstow, next to the [[Sheffield to Lincoln Line|railway line]], is the UK's leading maker of architectural precast [[Cladding (construction)|cladding]]. County Turf, off the B1207 (Ermine Street) in [[Appleby, North Lincolnshire|Appleby]] made the turf for [[Wembley Stadium]], who replaced Inturf of [[Wilberfoss]]. There is a large [[Cemex|CEMEX]] [[cement]] plant at [[Winteringham]] off the [[A1077 road|A1077]] at the meeting point of the New [[River Ancholme]] and the Humber ([[Ferriby Sluice]]).

{{See also|Industry of the South Humber Bank}}
[[File:Woad Lane (geograph 2124433).jpg|thumb|right|The 226-acre [[Novartis]] Grimsby in Great Coates, next to the Europarc in the west of Grimsby; it has been there since 1951, firstly as Ciba (Chemical Industry Basel) making [[sulfathiazole]]]]
[[Grimsby]] is home of England's [[Fishing industry in England|fishing industry]] (although most fish is transported from the [[Peterhead]] area of Scotland via road), and has many frozen food factories such as [[Young's Seafood]]. The seafood industry is worth £1.8&nbsp;billion to North East Lincolnshire; most of Britain's seafood comes from Grimsby. [[HM Revenue & Customs]] in the town centre administers the UK's deregistration of [[Value-added tax (United Kingdom)|VAT]] for companies, and the VAT Annual Accounting Scheme. [[Auto-Trail]] makes motorhomes on the [[Europarc, Grimsby]], owned by Paris-based [[Trigano]]. Wyndeham Gait is a main printer next to the [[A180 road (England)|A180]]/[[A16 road (England)|A16]] roundabout.

[[Cardsave]] is a [[merchant account provider]]. Cofely Fabricom [[Engie]] (former GDF SUEZ), an engineering consultancy based on the A1173 in Immingham, work in the oil and gas industry, and nearby to the east is a large [[Knauf]] plaster board plant. [[Norsk Hydro|Hydro Agri]] had an important large fertiliser plant (built by [[Fisons]] in 1951) on the side of the railway; now [[PB Kent]] and its subsidiary [[Humber Palmers]] (both owned by [[Origin Enterprises]] of Ireland) make fertiliser there. In Healing (former [[Little Coates]]) next to the Humber, [[Lenzing AG|Lenzing Fibers Grimsby]] make [[Lyocell]] (Tencel), where it was first made by Courtaulds in 1988, who owned the site until bought by [[AkzoNobel]] in 1998. [[Greenergy]] have a biodiesel plant at [[Port of Immingham|Immingham West Terminal]].

[[File:Joseph Rank Ltd., Hull - geograph.org.uk - 664662.jpg|thumb|left|Joseph Rank Ltd in Hull in January 2008]]
[[AarhusKarlshamn]] UK (AAK, [[Cooking oil|edible oil]]s) is at Hull Ferry Terminal. The [[Valuation Office Agency]] for the north of England is near King George Dock. [[Smith & Nephew]] (wound management division) and [[Reckitt Benckiser]] medical and household products companies originated in Hull, and still have large factories there. When [[Reckitt & Colman]] merged with the Dutch Benckiser in 1999, much production was moved from Hull to [[Swindon]]. [[Heron Foods|Heron Frozen Foods]] is based there near St Andrew's Quay, and [[Cranswick plc]] are a food-processing company based in the north of Hull, which makes up-market (''Taste the Difference'') [[gourmet]] sausages for Tesco and [[Sainsbury's]], and [[Wilfred Emmanuel-Jones|The Black Farmer]], in West Carr; Cranswick Country Foods have their main [[Poultry farming|poultry processing]] site off the B1237 in the north of [[Stoneferry]].

Croda Europe has a chemical factory on the north side of the [[A1165 road|A1165]] in [[Newland, Kingston upon Hull|Newland]] next to River Hull; further south in [[Sculcoates]], [[Crown Paints]] have a factory on the west side of the River Hull. Walker Group in Hull own Victoria Plumb bathrooms, and the brand [[MFI Group|MFI]]. [[Aunt Bessie's]] is a large food company in the west of Hull near the [[A63 road|A63]] and Hessle. Nearby [[Norbert Dentressangle]] claim to run the largest [[pea]] processing factory in the world<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thisishullandeastriding.co.uk/10m-pea-processing-plant-opens/story-11950585-detail/story.html |title=World's largest pea processing factory|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111228061540/http://www.thisishullandeastriding.co.uk/10m-pea-processing-plant-opens/story-11950585-detail/story.html |archive-date=28 December 2011 |access-date=22 March 2017|date=24 June 2008}}</ref> at the junction of the A1166 and the ''Clive Sullivan Way'' (A63), which has supplied all of [[Birds Eye]]'s peas since June 2008.

[[Ideal Standard]], the plumbing company, now in north Hull next to the [[Hull–Scarborough line]] (Yorkshire Coast Line), was formed in Hull in 1936. [[Ideal Heating]], owned by [[Stelrad]] and based nearby, make [[Water heating|domestic boiler]]s, and have diversified into [[air source heat pumps]] and [[Solar thermal collector|solar thermal]] water heaters. [[Comet Group|Comet]], who originated there, had some main offices on ''George Street''. [[Gamebore Cartridge]] on the A1165 at [[Drypool]], Hull and [[Hull Cartridge]], on the Acorn Industrial Estate north of Ideal, both make [[Shotgun shell|shotgun cartridge]]s. [[Logan Teleflex]] (former Fabricom Airport Systems, and owned by Daifuku) makes luggage sorting systems near the B1237/A1033 junction in north Hull. [[KCOM Group]] (former Kingston Communications) is a telecommunications company based next to [[Hull City Hall]].

[[Seven Seas (company)|Seven Seas]], owned by [[Merck Group]], made [[cod liver oil]] and [[multivitamin]]s ([[Haliborange]]) on the [[A1033 road|A1033]] in [[Marfleet]] until 2015; next door is Willerby Holiday Homes, the UK's largest manufacturer of holiday homes; nearby, [[Paneltex]] is a group of engineering companies for vehicle bodies, on the Kingston International Park on the A1033, opposite Saltend; next door is Atlas Leisure Homes (in Preston). Humdinger (owned by [[Zetar]]) on the A1033 makes branded savoury snacks. [[Airbath]] (part of [[Reva Industries]]) is in north-east Hull. [[Dunlop (brands)|Fenner Dunlop]] Europe who claim to be the world's largest [[conveyor belt]] manufacturer, in Marfleet, have their own [[cricket pitch]] and their [[Hainsworth Research Centre]].

BP Saltend (in [[Preston, East Riding of Yorkshire|Preston]]) is Europe's largest producer of [[acetic acid]], and part of the worldwide BP [[Acetyl]]s group; next door, [[Ineos]] Enterprises makes [[Vinyl acetate|vinyl acetate monomer]] (VAM) and [[Vivergo]] (bioethanol) is nearby. [[Fenner (company)|Fenner]] is in [[Hessle]]. [[BAE Systems Military Air & Information]] (former [[Blackburn Aircraft]], and under threat of imminent closure) at [[Brough, East Riding of Yorkshire|Brough]] is known as the ''Home of the Hawk'', and recently made the [[BAE Systems Hawk|Hawk 128]], with a fully [[Glass cockpit|digital cockpit]]. [[Kohler Mira Ltd]] make showers on the Melton West Business Park, south of the A63. [[Guardian Industries]] makes [[float glass]] in [[Goole]]; Timloc, part of [[Alumasc Group]], make ventilation for buildings. [[Croda International]], the chemical company, is in [[East Cowick]], near the M62/M18 Langham Interchange. [[Swift Leisure|Swift Group]] in Cottingham are the only UK manufacturer of caravans. [[Yara International|Yara]] UK have a fertiliser blending plant (former [[Phosyn]] before 2006) on the A1079 on a former [[RAF Pocklington|airfield]] in [[Barmby Moor]]. Bridlington is Europe's largest [[Lobster fishing|lobster port]].

There are many [[Royal Air Force]] bases in [[North Yorkshire]], close to the [[A1(M) motorway|A1(M)]], [[Catterick Garrison]] is the largest army base in Europe near [[Richmond, North Yorkshire|Richmond]], and home of the [[Infantry Training Centre (British Army)|Infantry Training Centre]]. The [[RAF Leconfield|Defence School of Transport Leconfield]] is near [[Beverley]]. [[RAF Fylingdales]] is an important, though secret, part of NATO's [[Ballistic Missile Early Warning System]]; the [[Emergency Planning College]] at [[Easingwold]] provided courses to prepare for [[Nuclear warfare|nuclear war]]. [[Dishforth Airfield]] was the first place in the UK to get the Apache helicopter in 2003 for the [[Army Air Corps (United Kingdom)|Army Air Corps]], and has had helicopters since 1991, currently having three squadrons of [[Westland Lynx|Lynx]] helicopters. The helicopters train over the North York Moors. [[4th Regiment Royal Artillery]] is at [[Alanbrooke Barracks]] (former RAF Topcliffe, and former HQ of [[15th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)|15th Infantry Brigade]], which is now at [[Imphal Barracks]]). GCHQ (former Composite Signals Organisation) have a [[GCHQ Scarborough|site]] in the west of Scarborough. [[RAF Leeming]] is the only RAF station in [[Northern England]] that flies jet aircraft; the [[Yorkshire Universities Air Squadron]] flies from [[RAF Linton-on-Ouse]] (previously it had flown from [[RAF Church Fenton]] until 2013).<ref>{{cite web|title=Yorkshire Universities Air Squadron {{!}} Royal Air Force|url=https://www.raf.mod.uk/our-organisation/university-air-squadrons/squadrons/yorkshire-universities-air-squadron/|website=www.raf.mod.uk|access-date=9 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180312083839/https://www.raf.mod.uk/our-organisation/university-air-squadrons/squadrons/yorkshire-universities-air-squadron/|archive-date=12 March 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>

[[Nestlé]] in the UK are based in York, with [[Mackintosh's]] operations in Halifax. [[Persimmon plc]] (the UK's second largest builder of houses, building around 14,000 houses in 2014) is at the A19/A64 Fulford Interchange. The [[Shepherd Building Group]] (who own [[Portakabin]]), and [[Portasilo]], which makes [[Bulk material handling|bulk handling]] equipment such as [[silo]]s, are in Huntington off the [[A1036 road|A1036]] in the east of York; [[AlphaGraphics|AlphaGraphics UK]] are next door (formerly in Seamer), and to [[Monks Cross]] retail park. [[London North Eastern Railway]] has its headquarters in York. [[Terry's]] chocolate was closed in September 2005 by its new owner [[Kraft Foods]], and production moved to Poland. [[Costcutter]] is based on the [[A1079 road|A1079]] in [[Dunnington]]. [[Best Western]] Hotels UK are based at [[Clifton Without]]. [[CPP Group]] (credit card insurance) are on Holgate Park on the A59 in the north-west of the city centre; [[Aviva]] have a large site on Rougier Street (B1227) for equity release, life insurance, and pensions.

[[Rolawn]] at the Laveracks Industrial Estate on the B1228 in [[Elvington, City of York|Elvington]] is Europe's largest producer of lawn turf, with its Medallion brand being the UK market leader. [[DBS National Security Vetting]] is at Imphal Barracks in Fulford on the A19. [[Tangerine Confectionery]] is off the A59, in Acomb Ings in the west of York, which makes toffee and fudge; its old site on [[Coppergate]] is now [[Jorvik Viking Centre]]; the neighbouring [[British Sugar]] plant closed in 2007. [[Sherbet (powder)|Sherbet fountains]] have been made in York since 1925; the brand was bought by Tangerine from Cadbury in 2008. [[York Handmade Brick Company]], who have supplied bricks for [[The Shard]] and {{rws|London Bridge}} railway station are based in the village of [[Alne, North Yorkshire|Alne]], north of York.<ref>{{cite news |last=Casci |first=Mark |title=Profile: David Armitage, York Handmade Brick Company |url=https://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/news/profile-david-armitage-york-handmade-brick-company-1-8946260 |access-date=16 November 2019 |work=The Yorkshire Post |date=8 January 2018 |url-access=limited |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191108101709/https://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/news/profile-david-armitage-york-handmade-brick-company-1-8946260 |archive-date=8 November 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>

{{See also|List of companies in Harrogate}}

[[Worldpay Group plc|Streamline]], the UK's main [[merchant account provider]] formerly owned by [[NatWest]], is on the B6162 at [[Harlow Hill, Harrogate|Harlow Hill]] in the west of Harrogate; [[Principal Hotel Company]] UK (hotels), is at [[Oatlands, North Yorkshire|Oatlands]] in the south of the town, where [[Hein Gericke]] UK is on Hornbeam Park, next to Harrogate College. [[Dunlopillo]], a world-leading manufacturer of [[Foam rubber|latex foam]] mattresses was for many years off the A61 at [[Pannal]], south of Harrogate, until 2003, and from 2008 has now been headquartered in [[Huntingdon]] (Cambs). The Canadian [[McCain Foods|McCain Ltd]] has been in [[Scarborough, North Yorkshire|Scarborough]] since 1969; [[Legrand (company)|Legrand]] UK make [[cable management]] systems at [[Cayton]] south of Scarborough on the B1261 next to McCain, and along the road from the coach builder [[Plaxton]]. [[Boyes (retailer)|Boyes]] (retail) are in [[Eastfield, North Yorkshire|Eastfield]]. [[Dale Power Solutions]], south of the B1261 on the Eastfield Industrial Estate, make electrical power supply equipment. [[Deep Sea Electronics]] make generator controllers on the [[Hunmanby]] Industrial Estate, off the [[A165 road|A165]], south of [[Filey]]. [[Whitby Seafoods Ltd]] is in [[Whitby]]; they are the biggest producer of [[scampi]] in the UK, and supply [[Wetherspoons]]. [[Westlers]], based on the B1257 in [[Amotherby]] make tinned convenience food, and the [[Field ration|MoD's military ration pack]]s (also made by [[Vestey Group|Vestey Foods]] of [[Coulsdon]] in London). [[Dalepak]] is based in [[Leeming Bar]] which is owned by [[ABP Food Group]]; [[Vale of Mowbray]] have made pork pies in [[Aiskew]] since 1928. [[Reed Boardall]] have the UK's second largest cold storage site on the west side of the A1 at [[Boroughbridge]] (the largest is now in [[Wisbech]] in Cambridgeshire).

[[File:Theakston Visitor Centre - geograph.org.uk - 615591.jpg|thumb|left|Theakston Visitor Centre in Masham]]
[[John Smith's Brewery]] is at [[Tadcaster]], owned by Heineken UK, which started brewing [[Newcastle Brown Ale]] in May 2010,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/tyne/8696240.stm |title=Newcastle Brown Ale plant closes in Gateshead |work=BBC News |date=21 May 2010 |access-date=29 December 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110513115139/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/tyne/8696240.stm |archive-date= 13 May 2011 }}</ref> and [[Samuel Smith Old Brewery]]. At [[Masham]], there is the [[Theakston Brewery]] and the [[Black Sheep Brewery]]. Just to the north in [[Aiskew]], [[Masons Gin]] have a distillery.<ref>{{cite news |title=Fire damages Masons Gin distillery in Yorkshire |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-york-north-yorkshire-47784459 |access-date=8 April 2019 |work=BBC News |date=2 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403125533/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-york-north-yorkshire-47784459 |archive-date=3 April 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Skipton Building Society]] is in Skipton. [[Silver Cross (company)|Silver Cross]], the iconic pram manufacturer named after Silver Cross Street in Leeds, is headquartered in [[Broughton, Craven|Broughton]] at the junction of the [[A59 road|A59]] and [[A56 road|A56]] west of Skipton, although its ''Heritage'' prams are made in [[Bingley]] (most are made overseas). Next to [[Bentham railway station]] (close to the Lancashire boundary) [[Kidde]] Products UK make [[Fire fighting foam|foam]] [[fire extinguisher]]s. [[Quorn]] is made in [[Stokesley]] by [[Premier Foods|Marlow Foods]]. The [[Rural Payments Agency]] have a main office at Northallerton. [[Econ Engineering]] on the A61 Ripon bypass near the B6265 roundabout are Britain's leading manufacturer of [[Winter service vehicle|salt gritter]]s. [[Severfield]] is at Topcliffe on the east side of the [[A168 road|A168]], on a [[RAF Dalton|former airfield]]; they built the Olympic International Broadcast Centre in London. At another [[RAF Marston Moor|former airfield]] at [[Tockwith]], further south, [[Stage One (company)|Stage One]] built the [[2012 Summer Olympics and Paralympics cauldron|Olympic Cauldron]], the glowing Olympic Rings, and the aerial stage objects.

[[File:Optare Manufacturing Plant.jpg|thumb|right|Optare bus factory in North Yorkshire, off the B1222]]
[[Austin Reed (retailer)|Austin Reed]], who own [[Viyella]], was on the A61 at the western end of [[Thirsk Racecourse]] until 2016. [[Slingsby Aviation]] make gliders and planes in [[Kirkbymoorside]], on the [[A170 road|A170]]. [[Perry Slingsby Systems]] (part of [[Forum Energy Technologies]]), next to Slingsby make [[remotely operated underwater vehicle]]s (ROVs), who have helped to develop the [[NATO Submarine Rescue System]]. [[Karro Food Group]] based at Malton, are a pork processor, formerly part of [[Vion NV]]. South of Selby, [[Saint-Gobain]] Glass UK (Solaglas) has made float glass for [[low emissivity]] windows since 2000 next to the A19 at the A645 roundabout, directly south of the [[Eggborough power station]]. [[Optare]] make buses on a large industrial estate in [[Sherburn-in-Elmet]] (previously in [[Cross Gates]] in Leeds before May 2011), and have been part of [[Hinduja Group]] since 2012.

===West and South===
{{very long|section|date=August 2020}}
{{More citations needed section|date=November 2016}}
{{See also|Economy of Leeds|List of companies based in Leeds}}
[[File:ASDA headquarters, Great Wilson Street, Leeds - geograph.org.uk - 196141.jpg|thumb|right|Asda's Headquarters, Asda House in [[Leeds]]; Asda was the UK's second largest supermarket until 2014, and is now third; Asda turned over £23.3&nbsp;billion in 2015, and is the region's largest company]]
Leeds is now a centre of financial services companies,<ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://www.yorkshire-forward.com/www/view.asp?content_id=934&parent_id=1224
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061117230504/http://www.yorkshire-forward.com/www/view.asp?content_id=934&parent_id=1224
|archive-date=17 November 2006
|title=Major study predicts continued growth for financial services in Leeds 
|publisher=Yorkshire Forward
|access-date=5 October 2008
}}
</ref><ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://www.leeds.gov.uk/discover/discovery.asp?page=2003219_348858059&topic=2003724_752773464&subsection=2003910_153240383
|title=Discovering Leeds – Industrial Leeds
|publisher=Leeds City Council
|access-date=1 July 2014
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090213213911/http://www.leeds.gov.uk/discover/discovery.asp?page=2003219_348858059&topic=2003724_752773464&subsection=2003910_153240383
|archive-date = 13 February 2009
}}
</ref> with [[Direct Line]]<ref>{{cite web
 |url          = http://www.leedsonline.co.uk/street/Direct_Line_House/
 |title        = Direct Line House, Leeds
 |publisher    = Leedsonline.co.uk
 |access-date   = 5 October 2008
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20080905042609/http://www.leedsonline.co.uk/street/Direct_Line_House/
 |archive-date  = 5 September 2008
 |url-status   = dead
}}</ref> and [[First Direct]]<ref>{{cite web
 |url        = http://www.iwestyorkshire.co.uk/profile/26754/Leeds/First-Direct/
 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090214042439/http://www.iwestyorkshire.co.uk/profile/26754/Leeds/First-Direct/
 |url-status   = dead
 |archive-date = 14 February 2009
 |title      = First Direct, Leeds, West Yorkshire, LS10 – Contact Details
 |work       = iWest Yorkshire
 |access-date = 5 October 2008
}}</ref> based there, as well as [[Asda]],<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.corporatewatch.org.uk/?lid=801
|title=Corporate Watch : Asda Wal-Mart : Who, Where, How Much?
|publisher=Corporatewatch.org.uk
|access-date=6 October 2008
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091123201815/http://www.corporatewatch.org.uk/?lid=801
|archive-date=23 November 2009
|url-status=dead
}}</ref> [[Arla Foods UK]] (maker of [[Lurpak]] and Anchor butter) in [[Stourton, West Yorkshire|Stourton]] near the A639 junction 44 of the M1 (formerly in [[Kirkstall]] near Yorkshire Television). The [[Green Flag]] roadside recovery firm has its main call centre (in [[Farsley]]). [[HSBC]] opened their first UK call centre in the city, taking advantage of its advanced communications network which also led to the founding of [[Freeserve]] in Leeds. The [[Department of Health (United Kingdom)|Department of Health]] has a large administration operation at [[Quarry Hill, Leeds|Quarry House]], a local landmark. The [[Child Maintenance and Enforcement Commission]] was at [[One Leeds City Office Park]] until 2012, off the A653 south of Bridgewater Place. The [[NHS Appointments Commission]] and former [[NHS Yorkshire and the Humber]] were next to the north side of the A65 at the A58(M) junction near the former [[Park Lane College]], where further east along the A58 is the [[Callcredit]] credit reference agency, and on the opposite side of the inner ring-road from the [[Skills for Care]] [[Sector Skills Councils|sector skills council]]. The [[Waddingtons]] board game company was founded in Leeds, as was the Burton tailoring company (the Burton Group became the [[Arcadia Group]]) and [[Marks & Spencer|M & S]]. The [[Tetley's Brewery]] closed in 2011 and moved operations to Northampton ([[Carlsberg Group|Carlsberg]]). [[Aramark|Aramark UK]] is in [[West Park, Leeds]], in the north of the city, off the [[Leeds Outer Ring Road|ring road]].

The [[British Library]] is sited at [[Thorp Arch, West Yorkshire|Thorpe Arch]] near [[Wetherby]], home of [[Goldenfry]]. [[Dr. Oetker]] products are made at [[Colton, Leeds|Colton]] near M1 junction 46 and [[Sherburn-in-Elmet]]; at Thorpe Park Business Park in the east of Leeds ([[Austhorpe]]) also is [[Northern Gas Networks]] and [[Republic (retailer)]]. [[Ellie Louise]], a clothes retailer, is at [[Sturton Grange]] north of Garforth on the A642, south of M1 junction 47 on the Helios 47 Industrial Estate, near [[Ginetta Cars]]. [[Unilever Leeds]] (former Gibbs Proprietaries from 1965, then Elida Gibbs from 1971, then [[Elida Fabergé]]) have their aerosol division at [[Whinmoor]], in north-east Leeds, administered by [[Fabergé (cosmetics)|Lever Fabergé]]. It claims to be the largest aerosol factory in the world, and has their research centre, and makes [[Impulse (body mist)|Impulse]], [[Axe (grooming product)|Lynx]], [[Dove (personal care product brand)|Dove]] and [[Sure (brand)|Sure]]. [[Agfa-Gevaert|Agfa Graphics]] (Belgian) have their only UK factory next to Fabergé in Whinmoor, making [[computer to plate]] [[Offset printing|offset printers]]; 85% of the world's banknotes are printed with the parent company's technology. Nearby in Seacroft is [[Komori]] UK (printing presses).

Symington's make breakfast cereals on the Thornes Farm Business Park, near the [[A63 road|A63]] (M1 junction 45). [[Sound Leisure]] is the UK's leading manufacturer of juke boxes. [[WABCO Vehicle Control Systems]] UK (air brakes) is in [[Morley, West Yorkshire|Morley]], and [[QHotels]] are on ''Bruntcliffe Road'' (A650) in [[Bruntcliffe]]. East of Morley off the A6110 is [[DePuy|DePuy International]] (orthopaedics). [[Hermes Logistik Gruppe|Hermes Europe]] (former Parcelnet before 2009, which was Directline and Speedlink before 1999), based at Capitol Park on the A650 at [[Topcliffe, West Yorkshire|Topcliffe]], is the UK's largest home delivery company, and is part of Grattan's parent company. [[Hainsworth]] makes speciality textiles such as military uniforms and in 1975 produced the first [[Nomex]] flame-retardant [[flight suit]]s for [[Jet aircraft|fast-jet]] pilots in the UK; their TITAN outfit is used by [[riot police]] and firefighters, with ceremonial fabrics made from [[worsted]] [[barathea]], and [[Peaked cap|uniform cap]]s for the [[Household Division]], and uniforms for others such as [[London Underground]]. [[Clariant|Clariant UK]], the chemical company, was in [[Yeadon, West Yorkshire|Yeadon]], with a factory in [[Horsforth]]; [[Brenntag]] UK is based at the A65/A658 junction at Rawdon Park in Yeadon (former Albion Chemicals before 2006) next to the fire station.

[[EMIS Health]] are off the A658 in central Yeadon, and are a main supplier of GP computer systems. Craftsman Tools on the A659 in Otley make [[toolholding]] systems and [[Fixture (tool)|fixture]]s. [[Sinclairs]] make the ''[[Silvine]]'' brand of stationery at Otley. [[Allied Glass]] based in south Leeds at the A61/A639 junction, and also has a main plant at Knottingley east of town on the A645, makes glass bottles for whisky. Toggi outdoor clothing (equestrian) is at Confederation Park at the M621 junction 2 with the A643, and with Champion who make riding hats and body protectors; [[George Cohen, Sons and Company|600 Group]], based near junction 2 of the M621, are the world's biggest manufacturer of manual and CNC lathes; it makes [[Colchester-Harrison]] lathes, and [[Pratt Burnerd International]] [[Chuck (engineering)|lathe-chuck]]s with a lathe factory at Heckmondwike. [[Sulzer (manufacturer)|Sulzer Pumps]] UK have a large manufacturing facility on the [[Leeds Outer Ring Road|A6110]] near the [[A643 road|A643]] roundabout. [[Pland Stainless]] make large sinks for laboratories and hospitals. Leeds is the second largest manufacturing city in the UK, after London.{{citation needed|date=February 2021}}

{{See also|List of companies based in Bradford}}
[[Morrisons]] is based in Bradford; it has 132,000 staff and opened its first supermarket in 1961 in a converted cinema; it turned over £17.6&nbsp;billion in 2015, and is the region's second largest company. Also in Bradford are [[Club 18-30]],  [[Seabrook Potato Crisps]], [[Safestyle UK]], [[Vanquis Banking Group]], [[Yorkshire Building Society]], [[Barratts Shoes|Stylo]], the [[Grattan plc|Grattan]] (owned by [[Otto GmbH]] since 2000)<ref>{{cite web
 |url          = http://www.thecatalogshop.co.uk/catalogue-history/grattan.php
 |title        = Grattan – a background history on Grattan Catalogues
 |publisher    = Thecatalogshop.co.uk
 |access-date   = 5 October 2008
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20170503181727/http://www.thecatalogshop.co.uk/catalogue-history/grattan.php
 |archive-date  = 3 May 2017
 |url-status   = dead
}}</ref> catalogue retailer, and [[Yorkshire Water]]. [[Santander UK]] (former [[Abbey National|Abbey]]) has its [[savings account|savings]] division there. The [[Halifax (United Kingdom bank)|Halifax]] bank (former Building Society) is based in Halifax, the [[Yorkshire Bank]] and [[Leeds Building Society]] in Leeds, and with [[UK Asset Resolution]] (former [[Bradford & Bingley]]) and [[NRAM Limited]] (former Northern Rock) in [[Crossflatts]]. The area between Leeds, Bradford and Wakefield is known as the [[Rhubarb Triangle]].

[[File:Hallmark Cards - Dawson Lane - geograph.org.uk - 445059.jpg|thumb|left|[[Hallmark Cards|Hallmark Cards UK]] factory off the A650 (Tong Street), the view on Dawson Lane]]
[[Empire Stores]] of Bradford was Britain's first [[mail order]] firm in 1890, bought by [[Redcats]] UK (French) and closed in 2009; it is now the site of Redcats UK in the north of the town centre. BASF Performance Products ([[Ciba Specialty Chemicals]] until 2008, then Allied Colloids before 1997) is in [[Low Moor, Bradford|Low Moor]]; it makes many chemicals including [[thickening agent]]s. [[Bowers Metrology Group]], on the B6381 near the junction with [[A6177 road|A6177]] at [[Bradford Moor]], are a leading measuring instruments company, and part of Spear & Jackson. [[Equifax]] is off the A650 in central Bradford, opposite the [[Leisure Exchange]]; next door [[NatWest Group]] have a call centre. [[Federal-Mogul]], off the [[A650 road|A650]] in east Bradford, makes automotive parts ([[gudgeon pin]]s and [[piston]]s). [[Princes (company)|Princes Soft Drinks]] have their main factory south of the A650 at [[Tong (ward)|Tong Street]]; [[Next plc|Next]] have a large warehouse nearby.

[[BorgWarner]] Turbo Systems make automotive [[turbocharger]]s (including [[variable-geometry turbocharger]]s) on the Euroway Industrial Estate off the M606, and produces around 750,000 a year; [[Jacuzzi|Jacuzzi UK]] is nearby. Knightsbridge Furniture is on the [[B6165 road|B6165]] in Lister Hills. [[Nufarm]] UK ([[A H Marks]] before 2008), make chemicals for [[phenoxy herbicide]]s, between [[Wyke, Bradford|Wyke]] and [[Oakenshaw, West Yorkshire|Oakenshaw]]. [[Hield]] (luxury clothing) is in [[Trident, West Yorkshire|Trident]] parish, south of the city centre. [[Pace plc]] (owned since 2016 by [[Arris International]]) in [[Saltaire]] is the global market leader in [[set-top box]]es; Pace bought part of [[Acorn Computers|Acorn]], and based its set top boxes on the [[RISC OS]], which it owned. [[Denso|Denso Marston Ltd]] make [[radiator (engine cooling)|car radiator]]s in [[Shipley, West Yorkshire|Shipley]]; HMRC (former Inland Revenue) have their main national payments office ([[HMRC Accounts Office]]) between the River Aire and the Leeds Liverpool canal at Shipley, opposite Salt's Mill, in a hexagonal building. [[Brook Taverner]] is Europe's largest corporate clothing supplier in [[Ingrow]], off the A629. [[Cinetic Landis]] UK, at [[Cross Hills]] on the B6265, make CNC-controlled [[grinding machine]]s.

[[Reflecting Roadstuds Ltd]], where [[Cat's eye (road)|cat's eyes]] were invented by [[Percy Shaw]], are in [[Boothtown]], in the north of Halifax. [[Rhodia (company)|Rhodia]] Novecare UK are at [[Holywell Green]], south of Halifax, and make [[surfactant]]s for cosmetics; to the north [[sia Abrasives|sia Fibral]] make [[Nonwoven fabric|non-woven]] abrasives at [[Greetland]] off the B6114 (which leads to the [[Scammonden Bridge]]) with the company's UK HQ in Brighouse. [[Gower Furniture]] (owned by [[Nobia]]) is north-east of Halifax in [[Holmfield]] in [[Bradshaw, West Yorkshire|Bradshaw]]. [[McVitie's]] Cake Company (Jamaica Ginger and [[Golden syrup|Lyle's Golden Syrup]] cakes, and [[Hobnob biscuit|HobNob]] [[Flapjack (oat bar)|flapjack]]s) is in west Halifax. [[Timeform]] (horse [[racecard]]s) are near the A58/A629 roundabout in the north of the town centre and the A58 bridge over [[Hebble Brook]]. Crosslee plc, south of [[Hipperholme]] on the A644 towards [[Brighouse]], is Europe's largest independent [[tumble dryer]] manufacturer, under the ''White Knight'' brand. [[Calrec Audio]], an electronics firm that makes [[Mixing console|mixing desk]]s, are on the [[A6033 road (Great Britain)|A6033]] at [[Nutclough]], Hebden Bridge. [[Cressi-Sub]] UK ([[Scuba set|scuba gear]]) are at Atlas Mill, Brighouse; [[Kent Introl]] (control valves) are in the east of Brighouse off the [[A644 road|A644]]. Bedford Shelving are to the west. [[Marshalls plc]] ([[Pavers (flooring)|paving stones]]) are next to the River Calder in [[Elland]] and [[Arran Isle]] (hardware), near [[Suma (co-operative)|Suma Foods]]. [[Terberg Group|Terberg]] DTS UK, supply its own [[distribution tractor]]s and [[Schopf]] aircraft tow tractors from Lowfields Business Park, next to the River Calder off the [[A629 road|A629]] in [[Elland]]; nearby [[Weir Group|Weir Power & Industrial]] make Hopkinson and Batley brands of valves.

[[Fox's Biscuits]] (part of Northern Foods) and [[Cattles]] are in [[Batley]]; [[HSL Manufacturing]] (High Seat Ltd) are on Grange Road Industrial Estate (B6128) in the east of Batley, north of [[Hanging Heaton]]. [[Rohm and Haas]] UK (former Morton International, making chemicals) is on the B6117 in [[Dewsbury Moor]], on the south edge of Heckmondwike. [[Birkby’s Plastics]] make automotive components in [[Liversedge]], and was the first company in the UK to mould plastic in the First World War. [[Rieter|Rieter Automotive]] make car furnishings on the [[A638 road|A638]] in [[Heckmondwike]]. [[TMD Friction]] make [[brake pad]]s (Mintex part of BBA) off the A638 at [[Chain Bar junction|Chain Bar]], Cleckheaton; Tangerine Confectionery (Lion Confectionery) is on the [[A643 road|A643]]. [[Status International]] UK ([[Electric light|lightbulbs]]) is in the centre of Cleckheaton. Mars Complementary Petcare is off the A62 on the Oakwell Way Industrial Estate at Birstall, next to [[Birstall Shopping Park]]; nearby is [[Pitchero]], a sports website firm. [[Poundstretcher]] is in [[Deighton, West Yorkshire|Deighton]] east of Huddersfield.

[[Image:Entrance to Syngenta chemical works, Leeds Road, Deighton, Huddersfield - geograph.org.uk - 382001.jpg|thumb|right|Syngenta (former [[Imperial Chemical Industries|ICI Organics]], then [[Zeneca]] Agrochemicals until 1993) works on the [[A62 road|A62]] in Huddersfield; it makes [[herbicide]]s and [[cyhalothrin]] insecticide]]
[[David Brown Ltd.]] is in [[Lockwood, West Yorkshire|Lockwood]] in Huddersfield; this company owned [[Aston Martin]] from 1947 to 1972 and the company is now part of [[Textron]]. In Huddersfield are [[Cummins|Cummins Turbo Technologies]] (former [[Holset Engineering|Holset]]) who make [[turbocharger]]s, [[VTL Group]] make automotive components, [[Fired Up Group]] who own [[Armco Security]] and [[Corby of Windsor]] ([[trouser press]]), [[Brook Crompton]] ([[electric motor]]s) and [[Graham Group (company)|Graham Group]] (plumbing retail). To the east of Fired Up is [[Britannia Rescue]] (owned by [[Liverpool Victoria|LV]]) at the [[A616 road|A616]]/B6432 junction. [[Broadbent (company)|Broadbent]], make industrial centrifuges in central Huddersfield. Many fabric companies are in Huddersfield and the surrounding areas; [[Taylor & Lodge]], owned by [[Bulmer & Lumb]] of Bradford, wove cloth for the [[Wedding of Prince William and Catherine Middleton|2011 Royal Wedding]]; [[Dugdale Bros & Co]] are in the centre. [[Novaglaze]] produced the glass for the [[London Eye]]. [[Trojan Plastics]] is the UK's largest bath manufacturer in [[Milnsbridge]] in west Huddersfield next to the River Colne. [[Thornton & Ross]] healthcare is on the A62 next to the [[River Colne, West Yorkshire|River Colne]] in [[Linthwaite]]. [[Dathan Tool & Gauge]] ([[Cutting tool (machining)|cutting tool]]s) are in Meltham. [[John Cotton (company)|John Cotton]] at the A62/A644 junction in Mirfield are Europe's largest producer of [[duvet]]s. [[Camira Fabrics]] (fabrics for public transport) is based at Hopton Mills, south of Mirfield, with a manufacturing site off the B6108 in the east of Meltham, and makes the upholstery for London buses; further north next to River Calder is a site of [[Dr. Reddy's Laboratories]] in the south of Mirfield. Overlooked by the Emley Moor tower at the ''Grange Moor Roundabout'' off the [[A637 road|A637]] and [[A642 road|A642]] (towards Wakefield) at [[Grange Moor]] in [[Kirkburton]] is [[Bonmarché]], previously owned by [[Peacocks (clothing)|Peacocks]] until 2012.

[[Image:Haribo Sweets Factory - Sessions House Yard - geograph.org.uk - 576986.jpg|thumb|left|Haribo factory in Pontefract on the A639 in the centre of the town near [[Pontefract Tanshelf railway station|Tanshelf]] station]]
[[Hickson & Welch]] (owned by [[Arch Chemicals]]) were in [[Castleford]] and closed in 2005. [[Netto UK]] (previously owned by Asda) was in [[South Elmsall]] until 2011. Nestle made [[Toffee Crisp]] and [[After Eight]] in [[Castleford]] until 2012 then made in Halifax, and [[Haribo]] makes liquorice and [[Pontefract cake]]s in [[Pontefract]]. [[Burberry]] had a main clothing factory in Castleford until the end of 2015, which is planned to move to Leeds. Cott Beverages are between the A645 and the [[Dearne Valley Line|railway]] in the east of Pontefract (former [[Benjamin Shaw & Sons]] before 2006); [[Tangerine Confectionery]] (former Cadbury-owned [[Monkhill Confectionery]]) make [[Butterkist]] (the UK's best-selling) popcorn north of Cott Beverages, near [[Pontefract Monkhill railway station]], on the site which claims to be the birthplace of liquorice. [[Ardagh Group|Ardagh Glass UK]] is in the south of [[Knottingley]], with sites at [[Monk Bretton]] and Wheatley (Doncaster). [[Stölzle Glass|Stölzle Flaconnage]] (former Bagley's before 1994) makes [[Container glass|glass container]]s, between the A645 and the [[Aire and Calder Navigation]], and further along the A645, [[Tradebe]] recycle solvents. [[Total S.A.|Total]] Lubricants UK is in Knottingley (Ferrybridge Hill) on the B6136. [[Plasmor]] (concrete) is in the south-east of Knottingley, with a large site at [[Great Heck]] next to a [[RAF Snaith|former airfield]] where [[H+H]] (Danish) make [[Autoclaved aerated concrete|aircrete]]; both sites imported [[pulverised fuel ash]] (PFA) from the former Eggborough power station; in east Knottingley, off the A645, Croda Hydrocarbons (bitumen) closed in 2008.

[[File:Moon river - geograph.org.uk - 1007988.jpg|thumb|right|Former Castleford Nestlé factory in 2008]]
[[Teva Pharmaceutical Industries]] UK is next to the M62 at Castleford, near [[Glasshoughton railway station]]. [[LPA Group]] off the [[A655 road|A655]] in Hopetown, [[Normanton, West Yorkshire|Normanton]] makes [[LED lamp|LED lighting]] for trains; [[Poundworld]] was founded on a Wakefield market in 1974, and the family-owned company has 240 shops. To the west, Napier Brown (part of [[Real Good Food]]) makes [[Whitworths]]' sugar in Hopetown. On the other side of the M62 (junction 31) in [[Whitwood]], [[Pioneer Corporation|Pioneer Technology UK]] closed their large plasma TV factory in March 2009. [[Coca-Cola Enterprises|Coca-Cola UK]] claim to have the largest [[CCE Wakefield|soft drinks factory]] in the world at its 41-acre site, with 71,000 sq metres of buildings, at [[Outwood, West Yorkshire|Outwood]], which was built in 1989, and produces 6,000 cans (over 100 cans a second, on three canning lines) and 3,300 bottles a minute (seven [[Polyethylene terephthalate|PET]] bottling lines, the fastest 2 litre bottling plant in the world), producing 100&nbsp;million cases of soft drinks a year; the bottle caps are made out of [[High-density polyethylene|HDPE]]. To keep up with supply, [[Rexam]] have a can factory next door. Nearby is the headquarters of [[Card Factory]], with over 800 shops is Britain's biggest card shop chain and started in 1997; opposite is the [[Yorkshire Purchasing Organisation]], which buys stock for most of the region's metropolitan boroughs and North Yorkshire, on south-west side of Wakefield 41. On the other side of the roundabout is [[Mitre Sports International]]. Morrisons have their [[Rathbones Bakeries]] on Wakefield 41.

[[Group Rhodes]] off the [[A638 road|A638]] in east Wakefield, make [[machine cell]]s. On the [[Flanshaw]] Industrial Estate in west Wakefield is [[Technal]] (aluminium facades) and [[Wicona]], part of [[Norsk Hydro]]. Bombardier built trains at [[Horbury railway works|Horbury]] until 2006 where they made [[CrossCountry]]'s [[British Rail Class 221|Class 221]] ''Super Voyager'' and [[British Rail Class 220|Class 220]] ''Voyager'' (and were also assembled at the [[La Brugeoise et Nivelles|BN]] plant in Bruges, Belgium and Crespin in France, the former [[ANF Industrie]]). [[Northern Foods]] are now based at Trinity Business Park off the [[A636 road|A636]] south of Wakefield town centre. Wakefield Shirt Group is next to the River Calder. [[Double TWO]] shirts are based off the A638 in central Wakefield. [[Nooter/Eriksen]] UK is off the [[A636 road|A636]] next to [[Denby Dale railway station]], and produce [[heat recovery steam generator]] (HRSGs)

{{See also|Economy of Sheffield|List of companies in Sheffield}}
[[File:Chesterfield Special Cylinders, Meadowhall, Sheffield - geograph.org.uk - 1303107.jpg|thumb|left|Chesterfield Special Cylinders, directly north of Meadowhall on the B6082, on the former site of the historic [[Yorkshire Engine Company]] ]]
Sheffield is known for its steel industry, which has declined in recent years. [[Outokumpu]] (former [[British Steel (historic)|British Steel plc]] Stainless) near the [[Tinsley Viaduct]] make stainless steel, just north of the former airport, with access via the [[A631 road|A631]]. Polestar is on the A631 in former Brinsworth, now in Sheffield (Tinsley).On the opposite side of the A631 is [[Betafence]] UK, part of the world's main fencing manufacturer, and its second biggest plant; near the start of the A631 is [[Tuffnells Parcel Express]] (owned by [[Connect Group]] since 2014). Nearby, Nederman UK make fume extraction equipment. [[Durham Duplex]] and [[High Speed and Carbide]] make razor blades and [[Machine knife|industrial knives]] on the B6082 in Wood Hill. Nearby [[Davy Markham]] (owned by [[IVRCL]]) on the A6102 at Darnall, fabricate steel and it has one of largest engineering workshops in western Europe. In the same area is [[William Cook Cast Products]].

[[File:Gripple factory.jpg|thumb|right|Gripple factory on the A6109 in [[Burngreave]] ]]
[[Egginton (company)|Egginton]] make cutlery in [[Netherthorpe, Sheffield|Netherthorpe]], in the [[St Vincent's Quarter]] east of the Shalesmoor A61 roundabout, which owns [[Ibberson]], [[George Wostenholm]], [[William Rodgers (company)|William Rodgers]] (who make the [[Fairbairn–Sykes fighting knife]]), and [[Joseph Rodgers & Sons|Joseph Rodgers]], the world's oldest brand of cutlery known for their pen-knives and [[Combat knife|military knives]]. [[Magtec]], on the B6083 in [[Brightside, Sheffield|Brightside]] next to the River Don, makes diesel-electric [[Hybrid electric vehicle|hybrid drive]] systems that can be retro-fitted to vehicles. [[Technicut]] is the UK's market leader in rotary cutting tools on the A6178 in Brightside. [[Arconic]] Forgings is at [[Carbrook, Sheffield|Carbrook]] off the [[A6102 road|A6102]]. [[Gripple]] make connectors for wire [[fence]]s. [[British Silverware]] is off the A6109, in the industrial area. [[SCX Group]] in [[Shiregreen and Brightside|Wincobank]] built the retractable roof for the [[No. 1 Court (Wimbledon)]]. [[Polestar (company)|Polestar]], at Tinsley off the [[A631 road|A631]] next to the M1, claim to have the most advanced [[Rotogravure|gravure printing]] plant in Europe. Tinsley Bridge off the A631 makes [[Suspension (vehicle)|suspension]] [[Leaf spring|spring]]s and [[Torsion bar suspension|torsion bar]]s. [[SIG plc]] (Europe's largest insulation distributor) and [[Stanley Black & Decker|Stanley Tools UK]] are at the former [[Sheffield City Airport & Heliport|city airport]], with a manufacturing plant off the A631 on the [[Hellaby]] Industrial Estate next to the M18, and had a former site on the B6075 in Sheffield. [[Siemens VAI]] UK is on Sheffield Business Park near the former airport, with [[EVO Group]], who own the Banner stationery company, and [[Ansys]] (Fluent and CFX [[computational fluid dynamics]] software) has one of two main offices. [[Go Outdoors]], owned by [[JD Sports]] since 2016, are in the south of Sheffield, near [[Bramall Lane]] off the A61; Hi Gear Products, their brand is on the Boston Street Industrial Estate.

[[File:Geo. Bassett & Co confectionery factory in Sheffield, South Yorkshire.jpg|thumb|left|[[Cadbury#United Kingdom|Cadbury Trebor Bassett]] at the former [[Bassett's]] factory in [[Owlerton]] ]]
[[Cadbury UK]] (formerly Bassett's) make [[liquorice allsorts]] in the north of Sheffield on the [[A61 road|A61]] next-door to [[Owlerton Stadium]]; it is Cadbury's Gum & Liquorice division, and also makes [[Belvita]] and [[Oreo]] for UK market. [[Swann Morton]] is a world-leading manufacturer of [[scalpel]] blades and medical equipment at Owlerton opposite Bassetts on the A61. [[Plusnet]] (owned by [[BT Group|BT]]), [[learndirect]] (owned by Ufi Ltd), [[Online Centres Network]], and [[Jobcentre Plus]] are in the city centre. Virgin Media have a main contact centre (former Telewest) directly south of Don Valley Stadium, and next to the tram line. [[Spear & Jackson]], the [[garden tool]] company, are in the north of Sheffield. [[B. Braun Melsungen|B. Braun Medical]] is at [[High Green]], next to the [[A616 road|A616]] roundabout in Chapeltown, and Ronseal (owned by [[Sherwin-Williams]]) is nearby further south on northern edge of Chapeltown. [[MachineWorks]] in Sheffield is the leading developer of [[Numerical control|CNC]] simulation on the B6069 near [[Sheffield Botanical Gardens]].

[[File:Corus Steelworks, Rotherham - geograph.org.uk - 787011.jpg|thumb|right|[[Liberty House Group|Liberty Speciality Steels]] Primary Mill continuous casting site in [[Aldwarke]] (Rotherham) in December 2007]]
[[Rosebys]] were in [[Rotherham]], before 2008, and [[KP Snacks|KP]] make their nuts in Eastwood, to the north of the town. MTL Group, a steel fabrication company, is based off the [[A631 road|A631]] in [[Brinsworth]] who claim to have the largest [[press brake]] in the world (made by [[Ursviken (company)|Ursviken]]). [[Swinden House]] is home of Liberty Speciality Steels's main [[Swinden Technology Centre]], its main R&D centre in the UK, opposite [[Rotherham General Hospital]] on the [[A618 road|A618]]. [[Brinsworth Strip Mills]], run by Liberty Speciality Steels (former Corus Steel Narrow Strip), is opposite the Magna museum, south of the A6178, and makes narrow strip steel. The [[Primary Mill]] makes steel billets and blooms – [[continuous casting]] with an [[electric arc furnace]] with a melting shop, and is also known as Aldwarke Works. [[Thrybergh Mill]] is east of the river off the A630, making steel bar, in a rolling mill. The [[Brightbar Mill]] is off the A6123, on the west side of the railway next to Rawmarsh, making [[Drawing (manufacturing)|coiled bar]], in a rolling mill. These three sites around are known as [[Rotherham Works]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tatasteeleurope.com/en/products/strip_products/narrow_strip/ |title=Tata Narrow Strip |publisher=Tatasteeleurope.com |access-date=29 December 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110202173258/http://www.tatasteeleurope.com/en/products/strip_products/narrow_strip/ |archive-date=2 February 2011 }}</ref> [[Beatson Clark]] (owned by [[Newship Group]]) makes glass containers off the A6123 north of [[Rotherham Central railway station]].

[[Dormer Tools]] UK (owned by [[Sandvik]]) is on Waverley Business Park (Advanced Manufacturing Park) in [[Catcliffe]], off the B6066 next to Morrisons. [[LuK GmbH|LuK UK]] (owned by the [[Schaeffler Group]]) make [[clutch]]es at [[Wales, South Yorkshire|Wales]], south of [[Aston, South Yorkshire|Aston]] near the M1 junction 31 with the [[A57 road|A57]]. [[Jeld-Wen]] UK (former [[Boulton & Paul Ltd|Boulton & Paul]]) make doors on Swallownest Industrial Estate on the B6200 in [[Aston cum Aughton]]. [[Laycast]] were nearby until November 2006, based off the B6200 at Aston cum Aughton, at which steel [[flywheel]]s, [[Harmonic oscillator|vibration dampers]] and [[compacted graphite iron]] clutch plates were cast at its foundry. [[Kiveton Park Steel]] is on the B6059 next to [[Kiveton Park railway station]], mostly in [[North and South Anston]] (east of Wales).
[[File:Zugstabsystem Macalloy in Mariinsky Theater.jpg|thumb|left|150px|Macalloy threaded tension bar at [[Mariinsky Theatre]] in Russia]]
[[Macalloy]] in Dinnington is a world-leader in [[Threading (manufacturing)|threaded]] tension bar. Fresh-Pak Chilled Foods, off the A633 at Waterside Park, [[Wombwell]], make most of the [[Egg salad|egg mayonnaise]] (250&nbsp;tonnes a week) found in British sandwiches and for [[sandwich filler]]s.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.foodprocessing-technology.com/projects/fresh_pak/ |title=Fresh-Pak Sandwich Filling Production Facility |publisher=Food Processing Technology |date=15 June 2011 |access-date=7 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160322212720/http://www.foodprocessing-technology.com/projects/fresh_pak/ |archive-date=22 March 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Morphy Richards]] and [[Roberts Radio]] are based between [[Swinton, South Yorkshire|Swinton]] and [[Mexborough]]. [[Maplin Electronics]] is based on the former site of [[Manvers Main Colliery]] in [[Wath-upon-Dearne]], off the A6023, with the call centre of [[EE Limited|EE]] (former [[Orange (UK)|Orange]]) broadband next door. The [[UK Commission for Employment and Skills]] ([[Sector Skills Councils]]) is nearby, next to [[Dearne Valley College]], which also looks after [[Investors in People]]. [[Stelrad]] in [[Swinton, South Yorkshire|Swinton Bridge]] is the UK's largest producer of domestic [[Radiator (heating)|radiator]]s, producing 2.5&nbsp;million a year, and Europe's leading radiator company, based off the A6022. MGB Plastics, on the A6123 in north Rotherham on Barbot Hall Industrial Estate, are the UK's largest manufacturer of [[Waste container|wheelie bins]], making around 1 million per year.

[[File:Site preparation for new warehouse. - geograph.org.uk - 481944.jpg|thumb|right|ASOS [[Distribution center|distribution centre]] (former [[Prologis]] before 2010) being built in 2006 at Little Houghton]]
North-east of Barnsley is Ardagh Glass at Monk Bretton. Slightly further north is Mr Kipling at Carlton; the site was [[J. Lyons and Co.|Lyons Cakes]] (making their [[Battenberg cake]]s, [[Viennese Whirls]] and [[Swiss roll]]s) before April 1995, then RHM's Manor Bakeries until 2007, and makes their ''exceedingly good'' fruit pies; one million chocolate [[Yule log (cake)|yule log]]s are made there and it is the largest [[mince pie]] factory in the world. [[Fulton's Foods|Jack Fulton]] (Frozen Value Ltd) is next to the [[Hallam Line|railway]], off the A637 at Darton. [[Wharncliffe Publishing]] are in Barnsley, and to the east on the [[A628 road|A628]] in Oakwell, [[Potters (company)|Potters Europe]] (former [[Ballotini]]) make [[glass microsphere]]s for [[Raised pavement marker|road reflector]]s. [[Galpharm International]] (bought by [[Perrigo]] in January 2008) and [[JTEKT|Koyo Bearings]] are at [[Dodworth]] near Barnsley. [[CELSA Group|BRC]] on the Claycliffe Industrial Estate, off the A637 in the north of Barnsley, makes [[rebar]] (steel reinforcement). Naylor Industries, off the B6096 between Wombwell and [[Darfield, South Yorkshire|Darfield]] make [[earthenware]] pipes for drainage. [[Kostal]] UK make [[steering column]] switches and [[electrical connector]]s off the [[A635 road|A635]] at Highgate in [[Goldthorpe]]. On the [[A6195 road|A6195]] [[Grimethorpe]] Bypass at [[Little Houghton, South Yorkshire|Little Houghton]] is the NDC of [[ASOS.com]], in the [[Dearne Valley]], near the former site of [[Houghton Main Colliery]]. [[Lotus Professional]] (owned since 2012 by [[SCA (company)|SCA]]) is off the [[A6102 road|A6102]] north of [[Oughtibridge]], north-west of Sheffield, in [[Wortley, South Yorkshire|Wortley]].

[[DFS Furniture|DFS]] is at [[Adwick le Street]] near the A1/[[A638 road|A638]] junction. [[Crompton Lighting]] have their main factory in [[Wheatley, South Yorkshire|Wheatley Park]] on the [[A630 road|A630]] in north-east Doncaster. [[Unipart]] have a headquarters next to [[Wabtec]], who make [[railway air brake]]s, off the [[A6182 road|A6182]] near [[Potteric Carr]] at the J3 Business Park, near VolkerRail; nearby are two Amazon [[Fulfillment house|fulfilment centres]], with another at the [[Doncaster iPort]] in Rossington. [[Relate]] (former Marriage Guidance Council) is based off the A6182 – and on same site [[VolkerRail]] Doncaster is next to [[DB Cargo UK]] (former EWS), [[Schenck Process]] UK, and Thales have a data centre next door. [[OASys (company)|Webasto]] have their UK headquarters next to Lakeside Village, Doncaster on the A6182, and make sunroofs and [[HVAC|air-conditioning systems]]. [[McCormick Tractors]] had a tractor plant in Doncaster until 2007. [[Bridon Ropes|Bridon International]], a world-leading manufacturer of wire ropes (part of [[Melrose Industries]]), are based at Balby Carr, off St Catherines Interchange junction 3 of the M18, and [[Montracon]] ([[Semi-trailer truck|vehicle trailers]]) are headquartered there, with a manufacturing site at [[Market Weighton]]; nearby are [[Darfen Durafencing]] have been trading for over 100 years, and are the market leader in permanent fencing. [[Pegler Yorkshire]] (owned by [[Aalberts]]) are near the A630 in Balby Carr, further along from Bridon, with [[MSI-Quality Forgings]] opposite with [[Global-MSI]] who manufacture [[Filling station|petrol station]] [[wikt:forecourt|forecourt]]s. [[Polypipe]] ([[Polyvinyl chloride|uPVC]] pipes) is in [[New Edlington|Edlington]]. CME Sanitary Systems in Warmsworth (a former division of Polypipe, now owned by [[Wirquin (company)|Wirquin]] of France) makes the UK's best selling plastic [[toilet seat]]s off the Warmsworth Interchange of the A1(M). [[Fellowes Brands|Fellowes]] UK (stationery) is based on West Moor Park, off West Moor Interchange junction 4 of the M18 ([[A630 road|A630]]) in [[Armthorpe]]. [[Wirquin (company)|Wirquin]] UK (plumbing) is off the B6376 in [[Warmsworth]].

==Education==
There are 15 [[local education authority|local education authorities]] in the Yorkshire and Humber region.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/rsgateway/region3.shtml |title=Region – Yorkshire & the Humber |publisher=Department for children, schools and families |access-date=1 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090503043147/http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/rsgateway/region3.shtml|archive-date=3 May 2009}}</ref> The schools in each authority are listed in the following –

[[File:South Hunsley School Melton 1.jpg|thumb|right|[[South Hunsley School]] ]]
* [[List of schools in Barnsley]]
* [[List of schools in Bradford]]
* [[List of schools in Calderdale]]
* [[List of schools in Doncaster]]
* [[List of schools in the East Riding of Yorkshire]]
* [[List of schools in Kingston upon Hull]]
* [[List of schools in Kirklees]]
* [[List of schools in Leeds]]
* [[List of schools in North East Lincolnshire]]
* [[List of schools in North Lincolnshire]]
* [[List of schools in North Yorkshire]]
* [[List of schools in Rotherham]]
* [[List of schools in Sheffield]]
* [[List of schools in Wakefield]]
* [[List of schools in York]]

===Secondary education===
{{more citations needed|section|date=February 2021}}
Schools are mostly comprehensive, with some [[Grammar schools in the United Kingdom|grammar schools]] in North Yorkshire, Calderdale and Kirklees.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.schoolswebdirectory.co.uk/
|title=Schools Web Directory UK
|publisher=Schoolswebdirectory.co.uk
|access-date=1 October 2008
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090111101813/http://www.schoolswebdirectory.co.uk/
|archive-date=11 January 2009
|url-status=dead
}}</ref>

There are around 235,000 at the region's secondary schools, the 4th lowest for English regions. The region has the highest overall [[truancy]] rate in England for both urban and rural areas. Inside the region for districts, Leeds has the highest rate with 6.9% persistent truants at secondary school, then Hull is second with 6.3%. Calderdale has the lowest truancy rate for unitary authorities, almost half that of Leeds, followed by [[North Lincolnshire]]. For districts [[Craven District|Craven]] has the lowest rate.

The schools in Hull have often performed among the worst (on average) in England at [[General Certificate of Secondary Education|GCSE]]<ref>{{cite web
 |url          = http://www.hullcc.gov.uk/portal/page?_pageid=221,137365&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL
 |title        = Hull City Council : School performance
 |publisher    = Hullcc.gov.uk
 |access-date   = 1 October 2008
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20080701134841/http://www.hullcc.gov.uk/portal/page?_pageid=221,137365&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL
 |archive-date  = 1 July 2008
 |url-status   = dead
}}</ref> after [[Metropolitan Borough of Knowsley|Knowsley]] in Merseyside. To Hull's credit, three schools in its LEA get above-average GCSE results whereas Knowsley usually has none (it managed two in 2010). Also at GCSE, schools in Barnsley and Bradford have low-achieving results with Barnsley the worst of these, and the lowest in the region in 2010. All three of these areas coincidentally have an above-average [[Teenage pregnancy and sexual health in the United Kingdom|teenage pregnancy]] problem. In past years, Doncaster would be included in this group, but has managed to perform much better. For the metropolitan areas, Calderdale and Wakefield consistently perform the best, with both above the England average. Rotherham usually has the best results in South Yorkshire, but in 2010 it was Doncaster. York and North Yorkshire consistently perform the best at GCSE in the region, and with the East Riding of Yorkshire have results above the UK average.

Schoolchildren in Kingston upon Hull are most likely not to pass any GCSEs – over 6% with Bradford having a similar proportion, closely followed by Sheffield and North East Lincolnshire. The East Riding of Yorkshire and North Lincolnshire have the fewest not passing any GCSEs, followed by York.

For OFSTED inspections across England, the region has the highest proportion of schools (2.7%) with bad behaviour and the lowest proportion (16.3%) of schools with good behaviour. [[South West England]] has the best behaving schoolchildren. Inside the region, Hull has the highest proportion (16.7%) of schools with bad behaviour – the worst in England (Wandsworth and Bristol come joint second) – and York schools have the highest proportion (30%) of schools with outstanding behaviour.

At [[Advanced Level (UK)|A-level]] North Lincolnshire, Kirklees, Hull, York and North Yorkshire perform quite well with Kirklees consistently being the best by a large margin and one of the highest in England, all having results above the England average. Wakefield and Calderdale were also close to the England average. The excellent Kirklees result is due to Greenhead College in Huddersfield, and North Lincolnshire's results are due to the [[John Leggott College]], also a [[sixth form college]]. The districts of South Yorkshire perform the least in the area at A-level with Rotherham having the best results in this area, slightly below-average, and the other three districts achieve similar results, much lower than those in the former districts of Humberside. Leeds and Bradford now get the lowest results in West Yorkshire.

For both A-level and GCSE, Barnsley and Bradford are very low performing, with Barnsley usually getting the lowest A-level results in the region, but in 2010 North East Lincolnshire came bottom with unusually low results. Hull and northern Lincolnshire have a wide socio-economic diversity – many under-achieving pupils at 16 but with high performers at A-level. Hull, although much worse at GCSE, outperforms the East Riding of Yorkshire at A-level.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.schoolswebdirectory.co.uk/maps.php?region=yo
|title=Schools Web Directory UK
|publisher=Schoolswebdirectory.co.uk
|access-date=1 October 2008
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090214040955/http://www.schoolswebdirectory.co.uk/maps.php?region=yo
|archive-date=14 February 2009
|url-status=dead
}}</ref>

School children in North Yorkshire (with York and Kirklees) are the most likely to go to university – they also get the best A level results, and those in the East Riding of Yorkshire are likely to go to university, but get lower overall A level results.

===Colleges===
There are twenty seven FE colleges. The main four colleges are Bradford College, East Riding College, Doncaster College, Grimsby Institute, and Hull College.

[[File:University of Leeds (4th May 2010) 061.jpg|thumb|right|The [[University of Leeds]] – looking towards the Roger Stevens Building]]

====Top twenty state schools in the region (2015 A-level results)====
[[File:Outside 03.jpg|thumb|right|Harrogate Grammar School]]
[[File:Heckmondwike Grammar School - High Street - geograph.org.uk - 706903.jpg|thumb|right|Heckmondwike Grammar School]]
# [[Fulford School]] (1040)
# [[Heckmondwike Grammar School]] 
# [[Ermysted's Grammar School]], [[Skipton]]
# [[Greenhead College]], [[Huddersfield]]
# [[Skipton Girls' High School]]
# [[The Crossley Heath School]], [[Halifax, West Yorkshire|Halifax]]
# [[Ripon Grammar School]]
# [[Ilkley Grammar School]]
# [[Huntington School, York]]
# [[Archbishop Holgate's School]], York
# [[Penistone Grammar School]]
# [[Wickersley School and Sports College]]
# [[Wyke College]], Hull
# [[Tadcaster Grammar School]]
# [[South Holderness Technology College]]
# [[Malton School]]
# [[St Mary's Menston Catholic Voluntary Academy|St Mary's Catholic Voluntary Academy, Menston]]
# [[South Hunsley School]]
# [[Bingley Grammar School]]
# [[Trinity Academy Cathedral]] (868)

{{citation needed|date=August 2016}}

===Universities===
{{Main|List of universities in Yorkshire and the Humber}}
[[File:Arts tower.jpg|thumb|140px|left|The University of Sheffield's [[Arts Tower]] (1966) is the tallest university building in the UK at {{convert|255|ft|m|order=flip}}, although [[Imperial College London|Imperial College]]'s decorative [[Queen's Tower (London)|Queen's Tower]] is {{convert|287|ft|m|order=flip}} and the [[University of Birmingham]]'s [[Joseph Chamberlain Memorial Clock Tower|clock tower]] is around {{convert|330|ft|m|order=flip}}{{citation needed|date=October 2012}}]]
There are ten universities and three higher education colleges in Yorkshire and the Humber, along with (in 2007) 27 Further Education colleges teaching some Higher Education courses.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hefce.ac.uk/pubs/hefce/2007/07_18/outputYH.pdf |title=HEFCE |access-date=29 December 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101216013601/http://hefce.ac.uk/pubs/hefce/2007/07_18/outputYH.pdf |archive-date=16 December 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The [[Citric acid cycle|Krebs Cycle]] was discovered at the [[University of Sheffield]] in 1937. [[Liquid crystal display]]s were developed by the [[University of Hull]] in 1972, in conjunction with the [[Royal Radar Establishment]] in [[Worcestershire]]. Low fat spreads were developed at the [[University of Leeds]] (in conjunction with [[Unilever]]) in the 1980s, and in the 1930s [[William Astbury]]'s [[X-ray scattering techniques|x-ray diffraction]] experiments at the university started the road to the discovery of the double helix structure.

Sheffield Hallam University is the largest in the region with 37,000 students, but does not have the most funding. The University of Leeds is not too far behind. The University of York, a large [[collegiate university]], gets much less funding than Leeds and Sheffield, but has quite a high research grant for its size, about half that of Leeds or Sheffield. The other universities do not have large research grants. Leeds and Sheffield have around twice as much total income than any other university. York and Bradford are the two smallest universities.{{citation needed|date=March 2010}}<!-- whole para needs sources -->

{{Universities and colleges in Yorkshire and the Humber}}

==Local media==
[[File:BBC buildings, Kingston upon Hull.jpg|thumb|right|BBC in [[Queen's Gardens, Hull]]]]

===Television===
The region receives various regional television programmes:
*[[BBC Look North (Yorkshire and North Midlands)|''BBC Look North'']] in Leeds that covers [[West Yorkshire|West]], [[South Yorkshire|South]] and [[North Yorkshire]].
*[[BBC Look North (East Yorkshire and Lincolnshire)|''BBC Look North'']] in Hull which covers the [[East Riding of Yorkshire]], [[North Lincolnshire|North]] and [[North East Lincolnshire|North East Lincolnshire]].
*[[BBC Look North (North East and Cumbria)|''BBC Look North'']] in Newcastle that covers parts of [[North Yorkshire]] including [[Whitby]], [[Northallerton]] and [[Richmond, North Yorkshire|Richmond]].
*''[[BBC North West Tonight]]'' in [[Salford, Greater Manchester|Salford]] covering western [[Craven District|Craven]] in [[North Yorkshire]] such as [[Settle, North Yorkshire|Settle]].
*[[ITV Yorkshire]] is on ''Kirkstall Road'' to the west of Leeds city centre, which broadcasts ''[[ITV News Calendar|Calendar]]'' that covers the whole region. 
*[[ITV Granada]] and [[ITV Tyne Tees]] also cover parts of the region.

[[Digital switchover dates in the United Kingdom|Digital switchover]] took place in August 2011 for most of the region, with [[Emley Moor transmitting station|Emley Moor]] (the main TV transmitter for West, South  and North Yorkshire) converting to [[Digital terrestrial television in the United Kingdom|digital]] in mid-September. Emley Moor is the tallest free-standing structure in the UK, and the 25th [[List of tallest towers in the world|tallest in the world]], and was designed by [[Ove Arup]]. The original tower famously collapsed in March 1969.

===Radio===
[[High Hunsley]] transmitter covers most of the region and overlap into other regions. Local commercial stations include [[Hits Radio West Yorkshire]] (Bradford), [[Greatest Hits Radio Yorkshire]], [[Hits Radio South Yorkshire]] (Sheffield), [[Heart Yorkshire]] ([[Tingley]]), [[Capital Yorkshire]] and 107.8 Beverley FM.

[[BBC Local Radio]] services in the region include stations for [[BBC Radio Humberside|Humberside]], [[BBC Radio Leeds|Leeds]], [[BBC Radio Sheffield|Sheffield]], [[BBC Radio York|York]] and [[BBC Radio Tees|Tees]] which serves [[Whitby]].

National radio is broadcast from [[Belmont transmitting station|Belmont]] in the south-east, [[Bilsdale transmitting station|Bilsdale]] for North Yorkshire, and [[Holme Moss]] for South and West Yorkshire. [[Moorside Edge transmitting station|Moorside Edge]] east of [[Scammonden Reservoir|Scammonden Water]] near the M62 is a main [[BBC Radio 5 Live|5 Live]] transmitter on 909&nbsp;MW.

===News and other print===
Polestar Petty in central Leeds, with [[Offset printing|web offset]], for many years printed ''[[TVTimes]]'', ''[[Radio Times]]'', and many colour supplements, including the ''[[Daily Mail]]'' weekend magazine, but closed in December 2014.

Local newspapers are the ''[[Bradford Telegraph and Argus]]'', ''[[Evening Courier]]'', ''[[Grimsby Telegraph]]'', ''[[Huddersfield Examiner]]'', ''[[Hull Daily Mail]]'', ''[[The Scarborough News]]'', ''[[Scunthorpe Telegraph]]'', ''[[Sheffield Star]]'', ''[[The Press (York)]]'', ''[[Wakefield Express]]'', ''[[Yorkshire Evening Post]]'' and ''[[Yorkshire Post]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.yorkshirenet.co.uk/media.htm |title=Yorkshire Media Centre, Yorkshire, Northern England |publisher=Yorkshirenet.co.uk |access-date=5 October 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090211025144/http://www.yorkshirenet.co.uk/media.htm |archive-date=11 February 2009 }}
</ref><ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://www.mondotimes.com/1/world/uk/175
|title=Yorkshire UK News Media – Yorkshire newspapers, magazines, radio and TV stations
|publisher=Mondotimes.com
|access-date=5 October 2008
}}
</ref>

[[RR Donnelley|RR Donnelley UK Directory]] of [[Flaxby]] Moor, printed the ''[[Yellow pages|Yellow Pages]]'', until the site closed at the end of 2015. Polestar Chantry, off the A650 on the Wakefield 41 estate, prints ''[[Marie Claire]]'', ''[[Good Housekeeping]]'', ''[[Woman's Weekly (UK magazine)|Woman's Weekly]]'', ''Real Life'', ''[[BBC Good Food]]'', ''[[BBC Gardeners' World]]'', ''[[Prima (magazine)|Prima]]'', ''[[Woman & Home]]'', ''Red'', and ''[[Country Life (magazine)|Country Life]]''. Polestar Sheffield prints the ''[[Daily Telegraph|Telegraph]]'' magazine, and ''[[Hello! (magazine)|Hello!]]''.

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=lower-alpha}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
[[File:Harry Ramsden's at White Cross - geograph.org.uk - 32382.jpg|thumb|right|[[Harry Ramsden's]] in [[Guiseley]] ]]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110902072830/http://www.goyh.gov.uk/ Government Office for Yorkshire and the Humber]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110513150259/http://www.lgyh.gov.uk/ Local Government Yorkshire and Humber]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140607224146/http://www.economicsurvey.org.uk/ British Chambers of Commerce economic survey results for Yorkshire and the Humber]

{{United Kingdom topics}}
{{English regions}}
{{Yorkshire and the Humber}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Yorkshire And The Humber}}
[[Category:Yorkshire and the Humber| ]]
[[Category:Regions of England]]
[[Category:NUTS 1 statistical regions of England]]
[[Category:NUTS 1 statistical regions of the European Union]]
[[Category:Yorkshire]]