Zeriuani
The Zeriuani or Zeruiani was a Slavic tribe mentioned by the 9th-century Bavarian Geographer (BG). It states that the Zeruiani "which is so great a realm that from it, as their tradition relates, all the tribes of the Slavs are sprung and trace their origin". Scholarship connect it to Procopius' Sporoi, the Serbs, and Severians.
Quote
Zeruiani tantum est reguum, ut ex eo cunctae gentes Sclavorum exortae sint, et originem, sicut affirmant, ducant[1]
Zeruiani which is so great a realm that from it, as their tradition relates, all the tribes of the Slavs are sprung and trace their origin[2]
Studies
While earlier assumed by scholars to have been connected to early Serbs (or White Serbs), modern Polish scholars[who?] believe it is a corrupted form of the name of the Severians. It is claimed that the Serb ethnonym was never written with the Slavic suffix -jane (-eani), while the tribal name of the Severians was written in both collective Sever and plural Severjane form, etymologically implying Severian tribes. Gerard Labuda considered those tribes arrived from the Lesser Poland and western Ukraine, while Ryszard Kiersnowski assumed the Zeriuani were a relic of a large group which lived along the river Oder, but as there was no recorded tribe with such a name in those parts it also indicates the Ruthenian and Balkan Severians.[3]
- According to German historian Johann Caspar Zeuss (1806–1856) they inhabited the Enns-Rhein line and were the earliest Serb tribe.[4]
- According to Polish historian Joachim Lelewel (1786–1861), the Zeriuani referred to the "Serbs on the Dniester", while Zuireani (another tribe mentioned by BG) referred to the "Serbs in the Balkans".[5][6][need quotation to verify]
- According to Slovak historian and ethnographer Pavel Jozef Šafárik (1795–1861), the Zeruiani were the White Serbs mentioned in De Administrando Imperio.[1][7]
- According to Czech historian František Palacký (1798–1876), the Zeruiani were the Serbs.[8]
- According to Czech anthropologist Lubor Niederle (1865–1944), the name Zeruiani is a corruption of either Sarmatians, Serbs or Severians.[9]
- According to American Slavicist Samuel Hazzard Cross, the ethnonym Zeruiani was obviously related to the modern terms Serb and Sorb.[2]
- Some Serbian historians view the tribe as the Sporoi (a Greek rendering of *Sorpoi/Sorboi) mentioned by Procopius, being the earliest Slavic tribe, that of Serbs.[10][11]
See also
- Sporoi, mentioned by Procopius
- Zuireani, also mentioned in BG
- Surbi, also mentioned in BG
- Sebbirozi, also mentioned in BG
- Zabrozi, also mentioned in BG
- Serauici, also mentioned in BG
References
- ^ a b Šafařík 1865, p. 29.
- ^ a b Cross 1963, p. 6.
- ^ Witczak 2013, p. ?.
- ^ Zeuss 1837, p. 615.
- ^ Persowski 1962, p. 73.
- ^ Lelewel 1852, p. 43.
- ^ Persowski 1962, p. ?.
- ^ Palacký 1876, p. 89.
- ^ Lubor Niederle (1923). Manuel de l'antiquité slave ... É. Champion. p. 19.
- ^ Serbian Studies. Vol. 2. North American Society for Serbian Studies. 1982. p. 21.
- ^ Александар М Петровић (2004). Праисторија Срба: разматрање грађе за стару повесницу. Пешић и синови. p. 307.
Sources
- Cross, Samuel Hazzard (1963). Slavic civilization through the ages. Russell & Russell. p. 6.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Lelewel, Joachim (1852). Géographie du moyen âge: accompagné datlas et de cartes dans chaque volume. Schletter. p. 43.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Palacký, František (1876). Dějiny národu českého w Čechách a w Morawě: dle půwodních pramenůw. Nákl. knihkupce F. Tempského. pp. 89–.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Persowski, Franciszek (1962). Studia nad pograniczem polsko-ruskim w X-XVI wieku. Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich. p. 73.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Šafařík, Pavel Josef (1865). Rozpravy z oboru věd slovanských. Nákladem kněhkupce Bedřicha Tempského. pp. 29–.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Witczak, Krzysztof Tomasz (2013). "Poselstwo ruskie w państwie niemieckim w roku 839: Kulisy śledztwa w świetle danych Geografa Bawarskiego". Slavia Orientalis (in Polish (English summary). 62 (1): 34, 37–43.
{{cite journal}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - Zeuss, Johann Caspar (1837). Die Deutschen und die Nachbarstämme. pp. 615–.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help)
Further reading
- Slavia antiqua: rocznik poświecony starozytnościom słowiańskim. Vol. 48. Wyd. PTPN. 2007. pp. 35–36.
Identyfikacja ta nie jest jednak pewna, gdyż w źródle mamy nie Zeufejriani, lecz Zeriuani, co można odczytać jako Zeruiani, gdyż w czasach powstania Geografa Bawarskiego nie stawiano jeszcze kropki nad literą i. Poza tym źródło to nie zachowało się w oryginale. Ponieważ spółgłoska wargowa -Zamieszała się często w wymowie z również wargowym -v- (a raczej -w-), oddawanym w piśmie za pomocą litery -u-, przeto mamy prawo zapis ten odczytać jako Zerbiani, czyli Serbianie i ...
- Henryk Samsonowicz (2000). Ziemie polskie w X wieku i ich znaczenie w kształtowaniu się nowej mapy Europy. Universitas. p. 100. ISBN 978-83-7052-710-5.
- Ancient Peoples and Places The Slavs. 1971. p. 109.
- Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland (1879). Journal. Vol. 8.
- A Handbook of Slavic Studies. 1949. p. 4.
- Gerard Labuda (2002). Fragmenty dziejów Słowiańszczyzny zachodniej. PTPN. ISBN 978-83-7063-337-0.
- Юрий Иванович Минералов (2009). Введение в славянскую филологию. Высшая школа. p. 282.
- Kazimierz Tymieniecki; Zygmunt Wojciechowski (1956). Roczniki historyczne. Vol. 22. Pozanskiego Towarzystwa Przyjaciół Nauk. p. 18.