Ensanche

Ensanche means "widening" in Spanish. It is used to name the development areas of Spanish cities around the end of the 19th century, when the demographic explosion and the Industrial Revolution prompted the tearing down of the old city wall and the construction of neighborhoods under grid plans. It is also found across much of Hispanic America for expansion of the cities beyond the traditional city walls.

Background

The program of city extensions in Spain began simultaneously in 1860 with the plans for Barcelona by Ildefons Cerdà and Madrid by Carlos María de Castro,^[1] influenced by Haussmann's transformation of Paris from 1852 (and, in turn, have been said to have influenced Haussmann's later projects). Those ensanches extended cities beyond their traditional limits by demolishing city walls, transforming riverbanks and subdividing the extramuros – rural land outside the city walls. Ensanches were generally based on principles articulated by Cerdà.^[2] These included reserving significant open space by requiring mid-block open space and whole block parks. The height of buildings was set by reference to the width of the adjacent street. Many of these requirements were modified, and the building volumes increased, by later amendments beginning in 1864 (Madrid).^[3]

It is specifically used for:

The Eixample (Catalan for ensanche) of Barcelona, planned by Cerdà
The Eixample of the city of Valencia.
The Eixample in Palma, Mallorca.
The Ensanche Este of Madrid under the Plan Castro by Carlos María de Castro enacted by Royal Decree in 1860.
The Ensanche de Bilbao after the annexation of the former village of Abando.

Usage in Hispanic America

The term is widely use for the planned expansion of some cities across Hispanic America. Among them is the city of Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic which used the term extensively as a prefix for expansion neighborhoods beyond its traditional old city.

References

^ Costa, Frankj.; Noble, Alleng.; Pendeleton, Glenna (1991). "Evolving planning systems in Madrid, Rome, and Athens". GeoJournal. 24 (3): 294. doi:10.1007/BF00189030. S2CID 154817646.
^ Cerdá, Ildefonso (1867). Teoría general de la urbanización y aplicación de sus principios y doctrina a la reforma y ensanche de Barcelona (in Spanish). Madrid.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^ "GREEN PLANNING EVOLUTION AND CURRENT FRAMEWORKIN MADRID ON THE 20TH CENTURY". Archived from the original on 22 February 2014. Retrieved 18 February 2014.

[1] Costa, Frankj.; Noble, Alleng.; Pendeleton, Glenna (1991). "Evolving planning systems in Madrid, Rome, and Athens". GeoJournal. 24 (3): 294. doi:10.1007/BF00189030. S2CID 154817646.

[2] Cerdá, Ildefonso (1867). Teoría general de la urbanización y aplicación de sus principios y doctrina a la reforma y ensanche de Barcelona (in Spanish). Madrid.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

[3] "GREEN PLANNING EVOLUTION AND CURRENT FRAMEWORKIN MADRID ON THE 20TH CENTURY". Archived from the original on 22 February 2014. Retrieved 18 February 2014.

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