Travel documentary: Difference between revisions

[[File:Yosemite Valley Tunnel View filming.JPG|thumb|A travel channel filming the [[Yosemite Valley]]]]

A '''travel documentary''' is a [[documentary film]], [[television program]] or online series that describes [[travel]] in general or [[tourist attraction]]s without recommending particular package deals or tour operators. A '''travelogue film''' is an early type of travel documentary, serving as an exploratory [[ethnographic film]].

In the past, the [[genre]] was represented by television shows, such as ''Across the Seven Seas'', showcasing travelogues produced by third parties, and occasional itinerant presentations of travelogues in theaters and other venues. "Shock" travelogues, such as ''[[Mondo cane]]'' (1962), also enjoyed a certain following.

===Travelogues===

Travelogues were used to provide the general public with a means of observing different countries and cultures since the late 19th century. Travelogues are considered to be a form of virtual [[tourism]] or travel documentary and were often presented as lectures narrating accompanying films and photos.{{sfn|Ruoff|2006|p=1}} Travelogues are defined as nonfiction films that use a place as their primary subject.{{sfn|Ruoff|2006|p=17}} They often display the cinematic apparatus and have an open narration.

Travelogues were usually about eighty minutes in length, consisting of two 1000-foot [[Reel#Motion picture terminology|reels]] of 16mm film, with an intermission in-between to change reels. The travelogue film speaker, often but not always the filmmaker, would usually introduce each reel, ask for the lights to be dimmed and then narrate the film live from an onstage [[lectern]]. Travelogue series were usually offered during the winter months and were often sold on subscription basis in small and medium sized towns. Patrons could then meet the speaker in-person after the show.

As cinema progress, the standard film program provided by the most theaters consisted of a feature-length film accompanied by a newsreel and at least one additional short subject, which might take the form of a travelogue, a comedy, a cartoon, or a film about a topical novelty subject matter.{{sfn|Ruoff|2006|p=178}} Travelogues further developed to incorporate movie rides which were coordinated sounds, motion pictures and mechanical movement to simulate virtual travel.{{sfn|Ruoff|2006|p=42}} [[Cinéorama]], which simulates a ride in a hot air balloon and [[Mareorama]], which simulates voyages of the sea, became major attractions at world fairs and expositions.{{sfn|Ruoff|2006|p=42}}

Today's travelogues may be shown with either live or recorded [[voice-over]] narration, often with an in-sync audio soundtrack featuring music and location sound. The shows are often performed in school gymnasiums, civic auditoriums, senior center multi-purpose rooms, private clubs and theatrical venues. Travelogues have been a popular source of fundraising for local, non-profit community-service organizations, such as [[Kiwanis]], [[Lions clubs]] and [[Rotary club]]s, among others, with many such clubs hosting travelogue series for decades.

Travelogues stem from the work of American writer and lecturer, [[John Lawson Stoddard]] who began traveling around the world in 1874. He went on to publish books about his adventures and gave lectures across North America. The original lectures were accompanied by black and white lantern slides printed from his photographs. In 1892 John Lawson Stoddard recruited [[Burton Holmes]] as his junior associate. When Stoddard was ready to retire in 1897 he arranged for Holmes to take over the rest of his speaking arrangements. Holmes went on to become the premier travel lecturer of his day and coined the term, "travelogues," in 1904 when he introduced film clips to lecture series making them wildly popular. After World War II, [[Lowell Thomas]] created popular [[Movietone News|Movietone News Reel]] travelogues shown in movie theaters across the U.S.

During the 1950s and 1960s, more independent film producers created travelogues, which were shown in towns and schools across the U.S. and Canada. In the 1970s and 1980s, the popularity of traditional travelogues declined but the advent of cable television channels and the availability of small, high quality, digital video equipment has renewed the popularity of travel films. Though travelogues have enjoyed much popularity historically, these films have been criticized for culturally insensitive representations since the films were not made by anthropologists. A famous example is the film about a family in the Canadian Arctic, [[Nanook of the North]], where much of the scenes were staged.{{sfn|Ruoff|2006|p=30}}

===Modern day===

Travelogues are credited with helping cultivating the interest in the [[travel industry]] at the same time [[transportation infrastructure]] was being developed to make it possible. As [[railways]] and [[steamship]]s became more accessible more people became willing and eager to travel to distant places because of what was displayed in the popular travelogues of the day.{{sfn|Ruoff|2006|p=28}} Today, travelogues are most often seen in [[IMAX]] Theaters and play a role in fiction film cinematography. IMAX was invented more than 40 years ago by Graeme Ferguson, Roman Kroiter, and Robert Kerr who pioneered the technology and debuted it at the EXPO 67 in Montreal, Canada and later again at EXPO 70 in Osaka, Japan. Since then IMAX and travelogues have latched onto each other.{{sfn|Ruoff|2006|p=238}} In the 1970s and 1980s, the popularity of traditional travelogues declined. But the advent of cable television channels, such as the [[Discovery Channel]] and the [[Travel Channel]] and the availability of small, high quality, digital video equipment has renewed the popularity of travel films. Amateur films of an individual's travels can be considered travelogues as well.{{sfn|Ruoff|2006|p=157}}

==Content==

==Format==

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==Narration and style==

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==Key figures==

* [[Burton Holmes]] was an American traveler, photographer and filmmaker, who coined the term "travelogue". Each summer for over fifty years Holmes would travel the world and then tour American auditoriums in the winter; during the 1945-46 season alone he gave 157 two-hour lectures. By the end of his life Holmes's had given over 8000 travelogue lectures which were known to draw large audiences in cities like New York, Boston, and Philadelphia. (Travel Film Archive).

* [[André de la Varre]] bought a motion picture camera and went to Europe at the age of 17. In 1924 he became Burton Holmes' cameraman. Starting in the 1930s De La Varre became an independent film maker making shorts for major Hollywood Studios. He traveled and filmed constantly for the next 40 years. (Travel Film Archive).

* [[James A. Fitzpatrick]] has made 225 travelogues and traveled around the world 25 times in the process. In 1923, he formed Fitzpatrick Pictures and provided a stock set of images about the world at a time when hardly any international films were available to American audiences.{{sfn|Ruoff|2006|p=13}}

* [[Carl Dudley]] made 300 travel adventure films. It all started in 1935 when he traveled to Tahiti, Australia and India working on film crews. In 1944 he started Dubley Pictures Corp. He is best known for Cinerama's South Seas Adventure. (Travel Film Archive).

* [[Robert Flaherty]] was an American film maker who directed and produced the first commercial successful feature documentary, [[Nanook of the North]], in 1922.{{sfn|Ruoff|2006|p=127}}

* [[Eugene Castle]] was not a travel filmmaker but his company Castle Films was the largest distributor of films for the home and a contributing factor to the raise of popularity of travelogues. Castle went on to sell his company to Universal for $3 million in 1947. (Travel Film Archive).

* [[Bill Burrud]] produced the Treasure [[Treasure (1958 TV series)]] series and The Open Road. He coined the phrase "traventure."

*[[E. M. Newman Travelogues|Edward M. Newman]] produced many travelogues for [[Warner Brothers]] studio in the 1930s

==Notable examples==

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*''[[The Moaning of Life]]'' - also presented by [[Karl Pilkington]]

*''[[World's Most Dangerous Roads]]'' - BBC series in which two celebrities journey by 4x4 on roads considered among the world's most dangerous.

*''[[Vague Direction]]''<ref>[http://www.cbc.ca/airplay/episodes/2013/07/25/cyclist-learning-how-the-other-half-lives/index.html CBC.ca | Airplay | Cyclist learning how the other half lives<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>[http://unchainedmag.co.uk/vague-direction-a-bicycle-powered-project-about-people/ Vague Direction – A Bicycle Powered Project about People |<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>

{{colend}}

==Broadcast stations==

The following are tv stations that air primarily travel based content.

{{div col|colwidth=30em}}

*[[Discover Barbados TV]]

*[[Évasion]]

*[[Russian Travel Guide]]

*[[Travel Channel (International)]]

*[[Travel + Escape]]

*[[Travelxp]]

*[[Voyages Television]]

{{div col end}}

==See also==

{{Portal|Journalism|Film|Television}}

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* [[Digital storytelling]]

* [[Docudrama]]

* [[Ethnofiction]]

* [[Ethnographic Film]]

* [[IMAX]]

* [[Mondo film]]

* [[Nature documentary]]

* [[Newsreel]]

* [[Reality film]]

* [[Realism (arts)]]

* [[Semidocumentary]]

* [[Travel Channel]]

* [[Travel literature]]

* [[Visual sociology]]

* [[Visual anthropology]]

{{colend}}

{{reflist|30em}}

===Bibliography===

* Ruoff, Jeffrey. [http://books.google.com/books/about/Virtual_Voyages.html?id=JuLup7JJcqwC "Virtual Voyages: Cinema and Travel"]. Duke University Press,2006

==Further reading==

* Caldwell, Genoa, Editor. (1980). ''The Man Who Photographed the World: Burton Holmes : Travelogues, 1886-1938''. Harry N Abrams. ISBN 0-8109-1059-4

* Caldwell, Genoa, Editor. (2006). ''Burton Holmes Travelogues: The Greatest Traveler of His Time, 1892-1952''. Tacshen. ISBN 3-8228-4815-8

* Soule, Thayer. (2003). ''On the Road With Travelogues: 1935 - 1995 A Sixty-Year Romp''. Authorhouse. ISBN 1-4107-9971-9

==External links==

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* [http://www.travelfilmarchive.com/ The Travel Film Archive]

* [http://www.geocinema.com/ GeoCinema Travel Filmmaker Federation]

* [http://www.travelfilms.org/ Travel Adventure Cinema Society]

* [http://www.wildfilmhistory.org/index.php/ Wild Film History]

* [http://www.industryfilmarchive.com/ The Industry Film Archive]

* [http://www.newsreelarchive.com/ The Newsreel Archive]

* [http://www.burtonholmesarchive.com/ The Burton Holmes Archive]

* [http://www.burtonholmes.org/ Burton Holmes website]

* [http://www.albertkahn.co.uk/museum.html/ Musee Albert Kahn]

* [http://www.explorers.org/index.php/about/history/a_gathering_place/ The Explorers Club]

* [http://www.windoes.com/ Windoes Travelogues] website

{{div col end}}