1139 Ganja earthquake: Difference between revisions
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|magnitude = 7.7 {{M|s|link=yes}}<ref name="Ulomov_&_Medvedeva_2014">{{Cite web |last=Ulomov |first=V.I. |last2=Medvedeva |first2=N.S. |title=Специализированный каталог землетрясений для задач общего сейсмического районирования территории Российской Федерации |trans-title=Specialized catalog of earthquakes for the purpose of general seismic zoning of the territory of the Russian Federation|year = 2014 |url=http://seismos-u.ifz.ru/documents/Eartquake-Catalog-%D0%A1%D0%9A%D0%97.pdf |publisher=O.Y. Smidt Institute of Physics of the Earth, Russian Academy of Sciences}}</ref> |
|magnitude = 7.7 {{M|s|link=yes}}<ref name="Ulomov_&_Medvedeva_2014">{{Cite web |last=Ulomov |first=V.I. |last2=Medvedeva |first2=N.S. |title=Специализированный каталог землетрясений для задач общего сейсмического районирования территории Российской Федерации |trans-title=Specialized catalog of earthquakes for the purpose of general seismic zoning of the territory of the Russian Federation|year = 2014 |url=http://seismos-u.ifz.ru/documents/Eartquake-Catalog-%D0%A1%D0%9A%D0%97.pdf |publisher=O.Y. Smidt Institute of Physics of the Earth, Russian Academy of Sciences}}</ref><br>~7.0 {{M|w|link=yes}}<ref name="Musson R.M.W.">{{cite book |author1=Musson R.M.W. |title=Great Earthquakes. In: Gupta H.K. (eds) Encyclopedia of Solid Earth Geophysics |date=2014 |publisher=Springer, Dordrecht |location=Netherlands |isbn=978-90-481-8702-7 |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-8702-7_7 |access-date=23 June 2021 |series=Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series}}</ref> |
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|depth= 23 km<ref name="Ulomov_&_Medvedeva_2014"/> |
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|location={{coord|40.3|46.2|display=inline,title}}<ref name="Ulomov_&_Medvedeva_2014"/> |
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|casualties = 200,000–300,000 |
|casualties = 200,000–300,000 |
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The '''1139 Ganja earthquake''' |
The '''1139 Ganja earthquake''' is one of the worst seismic events in history. It affected modern-day [[Azerbaijan]] and [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]]. The earthquake had an estimated [[moment magnitude]] of 7.0 or greater and 7.7 on the [[surface wave magnitude]] scale.<ref name="Musson R.M.W." /> A maximum intensity of IX (''Violent'') to XI (''Extreme'') on the [[Mercalli intensity scale]] was assigned to this earthquake.<ref name="CFTI5MED">{{Cite web |last=Guidoboni |first=E. |last2=Ferrari |first2=G. |last3=Comastria. |first3=A. |last4=Tarabusi |first4=G. |last5=Sgattoni |first5=G. |last6=Valensise |first6=G. |title=Catalogue of Strong Earthquakes in Italy 461 B.C. - 1997 and Mediterranean Area 760 B.C. - 1500 |url=http://storing.ingv.it/cfti/cfti5/quake.php?M2068IT |access-date=4 June 2021 |publisher=Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) |doi=10.6092/ingv.it-cfti5}}</ref> The strong shaking triggered massive landslides off the sides of mountains and canyons in the [[Caucasus Mountains]] region. Parts of [[Kapaz Mount]] collapsed, with the resulting landslide blocking the [[Kürəkçay|Kürəkçay River]], forming the lake [[Göygöl (lake)|Göygöl]].<ref name="Vorobieva_etal_2019">{{Cite journal |last=Vorobieva |first=I. |last2=Ismail-Zadeh |first2=A. |last3=Gorshkov |first3=A. |date=2019 |title=Nonlinear dynamics of crustal blocks and faults and earthquake occurrences in the Transcaucasian region |url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/A-Gorshkov-3/publication/336760167_Nonlinear_dynamics_of_crustal_blocks_and_faults_and_earthquake_occurrences_in_the_Transcaucasian_region/links/5f05d7e692851c52d6209a22/Nonlinear-dynamics-of-crustal-blocks-and-faults-and-earthquake-occurrences-in-the-Transcaucasian-region.pdf |journal=Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors |volume=297 |pages=106320 |doi=10.1016/j.pepi.2019.106320}}</ref> It was also perceived as far as Aleppo where the felt intensity was II. The estimated death toll of this earthquake is somewhere between 230,000 and 300,000 making it one of the [[deadliest earthquakes]] in history.<ref name="NCEI">{{cite web |title=Significant Earthquake Information AZERBAIJAN: GYZNDZHA |url=https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/earthquake/event-more-info/402 |website=ngdc.noaa.gov |publisher=National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS): NCEI/WDS Global Significant Earthquake Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information|doi= 10.7289/V5TD9V7K|access-date=4 June 2021}}</ref> |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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[[Category:Earthquakes in Georgia (country)]] |
[[Category:Earthquakes in Georgia (country)]] |
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[[Category:12th-century earthquakes]] |
[[Category:12th-century earthquakes]] |
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{{Azerbaijan-geo-stub}} |
{{Azerbaijan-geo-stub}} |
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Revision as of 12:49, 23 June 2021
  | |
| Local date | 30 September 1139 |
|---|---|
| Magnitude | 7.7 Ms[1] ~7.0 Mw[2] |
| Depth | 23 km[1] |
| Epicenter | 40°18′N 46°12′E / 40.3°N 46.2°E[1] |
| Areas affected | Ganja, Seljuk Empire (present-day Azerbaijan) |
| Casualties | 200,000–300,000 |
The 1139 Ganja earthquake is one of the worst seismic events in history. It affected modern-day Azerbaijan and Georgia. The earthquake had an estimated moment magnitude of 7.0 or greater and 7.7 on the surface wave magnitude scale.[2] A maximum intensity of IX (Violent) to XI (Extreme) on the Mercalli intensity scale was assigned to this earthquake.[3] The strong shaking triggered massive landslides off the sides of mountains and canyons in the Caucasus Mountains region. Parts of Kapaz Mount collapsed, with the resulting landslide blocking the Kürəkçay River, forming the lake Göygöl.[4] It was also perceived as far as Aleppo where the felt intensity was II. The estimated death toll of this earthquake is somewhere between 230,000 and 300,000 making it one of the deadliest earthquakes in history.[5]
See also
References
- ^ a b c Ulomov, V.I.; Medvedeva, N.S. (2014). "Специализированный каталог землетрясений для задач общего сейсмического районирования территории Российской Федерации" [Specialized catalog of earthquakes for the purpose of general seismic zoning of the territory of the Russian Federation] (PDF). O.Y. Smidt Institute of Physics of the Earth, Russian Academy of Sciences.
- ^ a b Musson R.M.W. (2014). Great Earthquakes. In: Gupta H.K. (eds) Encyclopedia of Solid Earth Geophysics. Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series. Netherlands: Springer, Dordrecht. ISBN 978-90-481-8702-7. Retrieved 23 June 2021.
- ^ Guidoboni, E.; Ferrari, G.; Comastria., A.; Tarabusi, G.; Sgattoni, G.; Valensise, G. "Catalogue of Strong Earthquakes in Italy 461 B.C. - 1997 and Mediterranean Area 760 B.C. - 1500". Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV). doi:10.6092/ingv.it-cfti5. Retrieved 4 June 2021.
- ^ Vorobieva, I.; Ismail-Zadeh, A.; Gorshkov, A. (2019). "Nonlinear dynamics of crustal blocks and faults and earthquake occurrences in the Transcaucasian region" (PDF). Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors. 297: 106320. doi:10.1016/j.pepi.2019.106320.
- ^ "Significant Earthquake Information AZERBAIJAN: GYZNDZHA". ngdc.noaa.gov. National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS): NCEI/WDS Global Significant Earthquake Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. doi:10.7289/V5TD9V7K. Retrieved 4 June 2021.
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