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*[[Hepatocellular carcinoma]] (HCC): low levels of ''MIR22HG'' lncRNA in HCC tumors were associated with short overall survival and poor disease-free survival times. The suppression of lncRNA production suppressed the growth, migration and invasion of cultured HCC cells, Further culture cell studies suggested this effect was due to the increases in [[NCOR2]] levels that were associated with decreased lncRNA levels.<ref name="pmid33267888"/>
*[[Hepatocellular carcinoma]] (HCC): low levels of ''MIR22HG'' lncRNA in HCC tumors were associated with short overall survival and poor disease-free survival times. The suppression of lncRNA production suppressed the growth, migration and invasion of cultured HCC cells, Further culture cell studies suggested this effect was due to the increases in [[NCOR2]] levels that were associated with decreased lncRNA levels.<ref name="pmid33267888"/>
* [[cholangiocarcinoma]] (CAA): Low levels of ''MIR22HG'' lncRNA in CCA tumors were associated with an advanced clinical stage, larger tumor size, lymph node metastasis, and poor survival times.<ref name="pmid33267888"/>.
* [[cholangiocarcinoma]] (CAA): Low levels of ''MIR22HG'' lncRNA in CCA tumors were associated with an advanced clinical stage, larger tumor size, lymph node metastasis, and poor survival times.<ref name="pmid33267888"/>.
* [[Colorectal cancer]] (CRC): Low levels of MIR22HG lncRNA are found CRC tissues and cells.<ref name="pmid33267888"/> Cell cultured studies suggest that low levels of MiR22HF lncRNA promote [[epithelial-mesenchymal transition]] (see<ref name="pmid34459003">{{cite journal | vauthors = Brabletz S, Schuhwerk H, Brabletz T, Stemmler MP | title = Dynamic EMT: a multi-tool for tumor progression | journal = The EMBO Journal | volume = | issue = | pages = e108647 | date = August 2021 | pmid = 34459003 | doi = 10.15252/embj.2021108647 | url = }}</ref>) and thereby CRC.<ref name="pmid33267888"/>
* [[Colorectal cancer]] (CRC): Low levels of MIR22HG lncRNA are found CRC tissues and cells.<ref name="pmid33267888"/> Cell cultured studies suggest that low levels of MiR22HF lncRNA promote [[epithelial-mesenchymal transition]] (see<ref name="pmid34459003">{{cite journal | vauthors = Brabletz S, Schuhwerk H, Brabletz T, Stemmler MP | title = Dynamic EMT: a multi-tool for tumor progression | journal = The EMBO Journal | volume = | issue = | pages = e108647 | date = August 2021 | pmid = 34459003 | doi = 10.15252/embj.2021108647 | url = }}</ref>) and thereby CRC.<ref name="pmid33267888"/><ref name="pmid32127004">{{cite journal | vauthors = Xu J, Shao T, Song M, Xie Y, Zhou J, Yin J, Ding N, Zou H, Li Y, Zhang J | title = MIR22HG acts as a tumor suppressor via TGFβ/SMAD signaling and facilitates immunotherapy in colorectal cancer | journal = Molecular Cancer | volume = 19 | issue = 1 | pages = 51 | date = March 2020 | pmid = 32127004 | pmc = 7055097 | doi = 10.1186/s12943-020-01174-w | url = }}</ref>
* [[Gastric cancer]] (GC): Low levels of ''MIR22HG'' gene expression are associated with poor 5-year overall survival in GC patients while overexpression of MIR22HG lncRNA suppressed the proliferation, invasion and migration of cultured GC cells, effects due to MIR22HG lncRNA negatively regulating [[NOTCH2]].<ref name="pmid33267888"/>
* [[Gastric cancer]] (GC): Low levels of ''MIR22HG'' gene expression are associated with poor 5-year overall survival in GC patients while overexpression of MIR22HG lncRNA suppressed the proliferation, invasion and migration of cultured GC cells, effects due to MIR22HG lncRNA negatively regulating [[NOTCH2]].<ref name="pmid33267888"/>
* [[Prostate cancer]] (PC): Decreased MIR22HG lncRNA levels were found in PC cases that had a more aggressive and poorer prognosis as judged by [[Gleason score]]s, a shorter progression-free survival time, and an early onset of disease recurrence.<ref name="pmid33552133">{{cite journal | vauthors = Pudova EA, Krasnov GS, Kobelyatskaya AA, Savvateeva MV, Fedorova MS, Pavlov VS, Nyushko KM, Kaprin AD, Alekseev BY, Trofimov DY, Sukhikh GT, Snezhkina AV, Kudryavtseva AV | title = Gene Expression Changes and Associated Pathways Involved in the Progression of Prostate Cancer Advanced Stages | journal = Frontiers in Genetics | volume = 11 | issue = | pages = 613162 | date = 2020 | pmid = 33552133 | pmc = 7859645 | doi = 10.3389/fgene.2020.613162 | url = }}</ref>
* [[Prostate cancer]] (PC): Decreased MIR22HG lncRNA levels were found in PC cases that had a more aggressive and poorer prognosis as judged by [[Gleason score]]s, a shorter progression-free survival time, and an early onset of disease recurrence.<ref name="pmid33552133">{{cite journal | vauthors = Pudova EA, Krasnov GS, Kobelyatskaya AA, Savvateeva MV, Fedorova MS, Pavlov VS, Nyushko KM, Kaprin AD, Alekseev BY, Trofimov DY, Sukhikh GT, Snezhkina AV, Kudryavtseva AV | title = Gene Expression Changes and Associated Pathways Involved in the Progression of Prostate Cancer Advanced Stages | journal = Frontiers in Genetics | volume = 11 | issue = | pages = 613162 | date = 2020 | pmid = 33552133 | pmc = 7859645 | doi = 10.3389/fgene.2020.613162 | url = }}</ref>
* [[Cervical cancer|Cancer of the cervix]] (CC): Increased expression of MIR22HG lncRNA was associated with good clinical prognoses in CC. Forced overexpression to this lncRNA increased [[apoptosis]] (i.e. programmed cell death]] and inhibited the invasiveness of several CC cell lines in culture. The cell culture studies suggested that increased lncRNA worked by suppressing the levels of a potential oncogene,<ref name="pmid33568150">{{cite journal | vauthors = Wang J, Chen L, Qiang P | title = The role of IGF2BP2, an m6A reader gene, in human metabolic diseases and cancers | journal = Cancer Cell International | volume = 21 | issue = 1 | pages = 99 | date = February 2021 | pmid = 33568150 | pmc = 7876817 | doi = 10.1186/s12935-021-01799-x | url = }}</ref> [[IGF2BP2]].<ref name="pmid32767321">{{cite journal | vauthors = Shu J, Wang D | title = Functional characterization of the long noncoding RNA MIR22HG as a tumour suppressor in cervical cancer by targeting IGF2BP2 | journal = European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences | volume = 24 | issue = 15 | pages = 7953–7962 | date = August 2020 | pmid = 32767321 | doi = 10.26355/eurrev_202008_22478 | url = }}</ref>
* [[Cervical cancer|Cancer of the cervix]] (CC): Increased expression of MIR22HG lncRNA was associated with good clinical prognoses in CC. Forced overexpression to this lncRNA increased [[apoptosis]] (i.e. programmed cell death]] and inhibited the invasiveness of several CC cell lines in culture. The cell culture studies suggested that increased lncRNA worked by suppressing the levels of a potential oncogene,<ref name="pmid33568150">{{cite journal | vauthors = Wang J, Chen L, Qiang P | title = The role of IGF2BP2, an m6A reader gene, in human metabolic diseases and cancers | journal = Cancer Cell International | volume = 21 | issue = 1 | pages = 99 | date = February 2021 | pmid = 33568150 | pmc = 7876817 | doi = 10.1186/s12935-021-01799-x | url = }}</ref> [[IGF2BP2]].<ref name="pmid32767321">{{cite journal | vauthors = Shu J, Wang D | title = Functional characterization of the long noncoding RNA MIR22HG as a tumour suppressor in cervical cancer by targeting IGF2BP2 | journal = European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences | volume = 24 | issue = 15 | pages = 7953–7962 | date = August 2020 | pmid = 32767321 | doi = 10.26355/eurrev_202008_22478 | url = }}</ref><ref name="pmid32099468">{{cite journal | vauthors = Zhang Y, Zhang X, Zhu H, Liu Y, Cao J, Li D, Ding B, Yan W, Jin H, Wang S | title = Identification of Potential Prognostic Long Non-Coding RNA Biomarkers for Predicting Recurrence in Patients with Cervical Cancer | journal = Cancer Management and Research | volume = 12 | issue = | pages = 719–730 | date = 2020 | pmid = 32099468 | pmc = 7002755 | doi = 10.2147/CMAR.S231796 | url = }}</ref>


Some reports have suggested that the ''MIR22HG'' gene acts as a tumor suppressor based on examining the relationships of MIR22HG lncRNA levels to cultured cancer cell function, tumor spread in animal models, and/or in cancer versus normal nearby tissues but did not determine the relationship of MIR22HG levels in patients' cancer tissues to their prognoses These reports include those on [[breast cancer]],<ref name="pmid34446703">{{cite journal | vauthors = Deng X, Ye D, Hua K, Song H, Luo Q, Munankarmy A, Liu D, Zhou B, Zheng W, Zhou X, Ji C, Wang X, Yu Y, Fang L | title = MIR22HG inhibits breast cancer progression by stabilizing LATS2 tumor suppressor | journal = Cell Death & Disease | volume = 12 | issue = 9 | pages = 810 | date = August 2021 | pmid = 34446703 | doi = 10.1038/s41419-021-04105-9 | url = }}</ref> [[osteosarcoma]],<ref name="pmid34373436">{{cite journal | vauthors = Zhao H, Zhang M, Yang X, Song D | title = Overexpression of long non-coding RNA MIR22HG represses proliferation and enhances apoptosis via miR-629-5p/TET3 axis in osteosarcoma cell | journal = Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology | volume = 31 | issue = 10 | pages = | date = August 2021 | pmid = 34373436 | doi = 10.4014/jmb.2106.06028 | url = }}</ref> and [[colorectal carcinoma]].<ref name="pmid33493419">{{cite journal | vauthors = Huang GD, Liao P, Huang YH, Wu YL, Wu Y, Chen SQ, Xiong J | title = MIR22HG Regulates the Proliferation, Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition, and Apoptosis in Colorectal Carcinoma | journal = Cancer Biotherapy & Radiopharmaceuticals | volume = | issue = | pages = | date = January 2021 | pmid = 33493419 | doi = 10.1089/cbr.2019.3509 | url = }}</ref>
Some reports have suggested that the ''MIR22HG'' gene acts as a tumor suppressor based on examining the relationships of MIR22HG lncRNA levels to cultured cancer cell function, tumor spread in animal models, and/or in cancer versus normal nearby tissues but did not determine the relationship of MIR22HG levels in patients' cancer tissues to their prognoses These reports include those on [[breast cancer]],<ref name="pmid34446703">{{cite journal | vauthors = Deng X, Ye D, Hua K, Song H, Luo Q, Munankarmy A, Liu D, Zhou B, Zheng W, Zhou X, Ji C, Wang X, Yu Y, Fang L | title = MIR22HG inhibits breast cancer progression by stabilizing LATS2 tumor suppressor | journal = Cell Death & Disease | volume = 12 | issue = 9 | pages = 810 | date = August 2021 | pmid = 34446703 | doi = 10.1038/s41419-021-04105-9 | url = }}</ref> [[osteosarcoma]],<ref name="pmid34373436">{{cite journal | vauthors = Zhao H, Zhang M, Yang X, Song D | title = Overexpression of long non-coding RNA MIR22HG represses proliferation and enhances apoptosis via miR-629-5p/TET3 axis in osteosarcoma cell | journal = Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology | volume = 31 | issue = 10 | pages = | date = August 2021 | pmid = 34373436 | doi = 10.4014/jmb.2106.06028 | url = }}</ref> and [[colorectal carcinoma]].<ref name="pmid33493419">{{cite journal | vauthors = Huang GD, Liao P, Huang YH, Wu YL, Wu Y, Chen SQ, Xiong J | title = MIR22HG Regulates the Proliferation, Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition, and Apoptosis in Colorectal Carcinoma | journal = Cancer Biotherapy & Radiopharmaceuticals | volume = | issue = | pages = | date = January 2021 | pmid = 33493419 | doi = 10.1089/cbr.2019.3509 | url = }}</ref>


==''MIR22HG'' gene tumor-promoting actions==
==''MIR22HG'' gene tumor-promoting actions==

Revision as of 21:38, 5 September 2021

The MIR22HG gene, i.e. the MIR22 host gene (also termed C17orf91[1] or MGC14376[2]) codes for a noncoding RNA (ncRNA), i.e. a RNA molecule that is not translated into a protein but nonetheless may have important functions. MIR22HG ncRNA is greater than 200 nucleotides in length and therefore is a long ncRNA, i.e. lncRNA. Many lncRNAs regulate diverse processes including cellular metabolism, proliferation, movement, differentiation (i.e. change of a cell from one type to another, usually more mature, cell type), apoptosis (i.e. programmed cell death), and the expression of various genes through chromatin remodeling and Genomic imprinting.[3][4] The MIR22HG gene is located at band 13.3 on the short (or "p") arm of chromosome 17 and is expressed in each of the human 27 human tissues tested. The gene, when overexpressed, may act as a tumor suppressor gene in some cancer types but as an oncogene, i.e. tumor promotor, in other types of cancer.[5] The normal functions or this gene and its lncRNA have not been clearly defined. However the levels of MIR22HG lncRNA are abnormal in, and appear to be related to the malignant behavior of, diverse cancers.[6]

The MIR22HG gene, i.e. the MIR22 host gene (also termed C17orf91)[7] codes for a noncoding RNA (ncRNA), i.e. a RNA molecule that is not translated into a protein but nonetheless may have important functions. MIR22HG ncRNA is greater than 200 nucleotides in length and therefore is a long ncRNA, i.e. lncRNA. Many lncRNAs regulate diverse processes including cellular metabolism, proliferation, movement, differentiation (i.e. change of a cell from one type to another, usually more mature, cell type), apoptosis (i.e. programmed cell death), and the expression of various genes through chromatin remodeling and Genomic imprinting.[3][4] The MIR22HG gene is located at band 13.3 on the short (or "p") arm of chromosome 17 and is expressed in each of the human 27 human tissues tested. The gene, when overexpressed, may act as a tumor suppressor gene in some cancer types but as an oncogene, i.e. tumor promotor, in other types of cancer.[8] The normal functions or this gene and its lncRNA have not been clearly defined. However the levels of MIR22HG lncRNA are abnormal in, and appear to be related to the malignant behavior of, diverse cancers.[6]

MIR22HG gene tumor-suppression actions

  • Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC): The MIR22HG gene was down-regulated, i.e. under-expressed, in NSCLC cases that had a poorer prognosis.[9]. Overexpression of the MIR22HG gene in cultures of this cancer suppressed cell proliferation and invasion and induced cell cycle arrest (i.e. blocked cell division) apparently by indirectly stimulating the production of p21, an inhibitor of cell replication.[3]
  • Thyroid cancer (TC): low levels of MIR22HG lncRNA were associated with large tumor size, lymph node metastases, advanced clinical stage, shorter disease-free survival time, and poor overall survival in TC; suppression of lncRNA levels using Gene knockdown methods) suppressed the growth and invasiveness of TC cells in culture. Further studies suggested that these effects reflected high activity of the Hippo signaling pathway that was associated with low levels of lncRNA levels in TC cells.[3][10]
  • Lung adenocarcinoma (LAC): High expression levels of MIR22HG lncRNA in LAC tumor tissue were associated with favorable patient outcomes while low levels of it in these tumors were associated with poor patient survival times.[3]
  • Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC): low levels of MIR22HG lncRNA in HCC tumors were associated with short overall survival and poor disease-free survival times. The suppression of lncRNA production suppressed the growth, migration and invasion of cultured HCC cells, Further culture cell studies suggested this effect was due to the increases in NCOR2 levels that were associated with decreased lncRNA levels.[3]
  • cholangiocarcinoma (CAA): Low levels of MIR22HG lncRNA in CCA tumors were associated with an advanced clinical stage, larger tumor size, lymph node metastasis, and poor survival times.[3].
  • Colorectal cancer (CRC): Low levels of MIR22HG lncRNA are found CRC tissues and cells.[3] Cell cultured studies suggest that low levels of MiR22HF lncRNA promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition (see[11]) and thereby CRC.[3][12]
  • Gastric cancer (GC): Low levels of MIR22HG gene expression are associated with poor 5-year overall survival in GC patients while overexpression of MIR22HG lncRNA suppressed the proliferation, invasion and migration of cultured GC cells, effects due to MIR22HG lncRNA negatively regulating NOTCH2.[3]
  • Prostate cancer (PC): Decreased MIR22HG lncRNA levels were found in PC cases that had a more aggressive and poorer prognosis as judged by Gleason scores, a shorter progression-free survival time, and an early onset of disease recurrence.[13]
  • Cancer of the cervix (CC): Increased expression of MIR22HG lncRNA was associated with good clinical prognoses in CC. Forced overexpression to this lncRNA increased apoptosis (i.e. programmed cell death]] and inhibited the invasiveness of several CC cell lines in culture. The cell culture studies suggested that increased lncRNA worked by suppressing the levels of a potential oncogene,[14] IGF2BP2.[15][16]

Some reports have suggested that the MIR22HG gene acts as a tumor suppressor based on examining the relationships of MIR22HG lncRNA levels to cultured cancer cell function, tumor spread in animal models, and/or in cancer versus normal nearby tissues but did not determine the relationship of MIR22HG levels in patients' cancer tissues to their prognoses These reports include those on breast cancer,[17] osteosarcoma,[18] and colorectal carcinoma.[19]

MIR22HG gene tumor-promoting actions

  • Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM): Increased levels of MIR22HG lncRNA were associated with poor survival in GBM patients [3] and blocking (by Gene knockdown methods) production of this lncRNA inhibited the proliferation and invasiveness of GBM cells in culture and the growth and invasiveness of these cells in a mouse mode.[20] The studies suggest that the MIR22HG lncRNA promoted the malignancy of GBM by stimulating the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway.[3][20]
  • Ovarian cancer (OC): Increased levels of MIR22HG lncRNA (termed C17orf91 lncRNA in published studies) were associated with shorter progression-free survival times and tended to be associated with shorter survival times in patients with OC. Suppressing the expression of MIR22HG lncRNA by using shRNA impaired the migration, invasiveness, and viability of cultured OC cells. Elevated levels of MIR22HG lncRNA were associated with increased levels of the proto-oncogene (i.e. potentially cancer-causing gene) MYC in these culture studies.[2][3]

Some reports have suggested that the MIR22HG gene acts as a tumor promotor based on examining the relationships of MIR22HG lncRNA levels to cultured cancer cell function, tumor spread in animal models, and/or in cancer versus normal nearby tissues but did not determine the relationship of MIR22HG levels in patients' cancer tissues to their prognoses. These cancers include Esophageal adenocarcinoma (but not squamous cell carcenoma) of the lung.[3]​[21]

References

  1. ^ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/84981
  2. ^ a b Li J, Yu H, Xi M, Lu X (August 2016). "Long noncoding RNA C17orf91 is a potential prognostic marker and functions as an oncogene in ovarian cancer". Journal of Ovarian Research. 9 (1): 49. doi:10.1186/s13048-016-0258-3. PMC 4989523. PMID 27535740.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Zhang L, Li C, Su X (December 2020). "Emerging impact of the long noncoding RNA MIR22HG on proliferation and apoptosis in multiple human cancers". Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research : CR. 39 (1): 271. doi:10.1186/s13046-020-01784-8. PMC 7712612. PMID 33267888.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  4. ^ a b Palazzo AF, Lee ES (2015). "Non-coding RNA: what is functional and what is junk?". Frontiers in Genetics. 6: 2. doi:10.3389/fgene.2015.00002. PMC 4306305. PMID 25674102.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  5. ^ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/84981
  6. ^ a b Samimi H, Sajjadi-Jazi SM, Seifirad S, Atlasi R, Mahmoodzadeh H, Faghihi MA, Haghpanah V (2020). "Molecular mechanisms of long non-coding RNAs in anaplastic thyroid cancer: a systematic review". Cancer Cell International. 20: 352. doi:10.1186/s12935-020-01439-w. PMC 7392660. PMID 32760219.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  7. ^ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/84981
  8. ^ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/84981
  9. ^ Su W, Feng S, Chen X, Yang X, Mao R, Guo C, Wang Z, Thomas DG, Lin J, Reddy RM, Orringer MB, Chang AC, Yang Z, Beer DG, Chen G (June 2018). "Silencing of Long Noncoding RNA MIR22HG Triggers Cell Survival/Death Signaling via Oncogenes YBX1, MET, and p21 in Lung Cancer". Cancer Research. 78 (12): 3207–3219. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-18-0222. PMC 6004254. PMID 29669758.
  10. ^ Qin L, Luo JZ, Tang XL, Han CG (April 2019). "Identification of Long Noncoding RNA MIR22HG as a Novel Biomarker in Thyroid Cancer". Pathology Oncology Research : POR. 25 (2): 703–710. doi:10.1007/s12253-018-0521-6. PMID 30539522.
  11. ^ Brabletz S, Schuhwerk H, Brabletz T, Stemmler MP (August 2021). "Dynamic EMT: a multi-tool for tumor progression". The EMBO Journal: e108647. doi:10.15252/embj.2021108647. PMID 34459003.
  12. ^ Xu J, Shao T, Song M, Xie Y, Zhou J, Yin J, Ding N, Zou H, Li Y, Zhang J (March 2020). "MIR22HG acts as a tumor suppressor via TGFβ/SMAD signaling and facilitates immunotherapy in colorectal cancer". Molecular Cancer. 19 (1): 51. doi:10.1186/s12943-020-01174-w. PMC 7055097. PMID 32127004.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  13. ^ Pudova EA, Krasnov GS, Kobelyatskaya AA, Savvateeva MV, Fedorova MS, Pavlov VS, Nyushko KM, Kaprin AD, Alekseev BY, Trofimov DY, Sukhikh GT, Snezhkina AV, Kudryavtseva AV (2020). "Gene Expression Changes and Associated Pathways Involved in the Progression of Prostate Cancer Advanced Stages". Frontiers in Genetics. 11: 613162. doi:10.3389/fgene.2020.613162. PMC 7859645. PMID 33552133.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  14. ^ Wang J, Chen L, Qiang P (February 2021). "The role of IGF2BP2, an m6A reader gene, in human metabolic diseases and cancers". Cancer Cell International. 21 (1): 99. doi:10.1186/s12935-021-01799-x. PMC 7876817. PMID 33568150.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  15. ^ Shu J, Wang D (August 2020). "Functional characterization of the long noncoding RNA MIR22HG as a tumour suppressor in cervical cancer by targeting IGF2BP2". European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences. 24 (15): 7953–7962. doi:10.26355/eurrev_202008_22478. PMID 32767321.
  16. ^ Zhang Y, Zhang X, Zhu H, Liu Y, Cao J, Li D, Ding B, Yan W, Jin H, Wang S (2020). "Identification of Potential Prognostic Long Non-Coding RNA Biomarkers for Predicting Recurrence in Patients with Cervical Cancer". Cancer Management and Research. 12: 719–730. doi:10.2147/CMAR.S231796. PMC 7002755. PMID 32099468.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  17. ^ Deng X, Ye D, Hua K, Song H, Luo Q, Munankarmy A, Liu D, Zhou B, Zheng W, Zhou X, Ji C, Wang X, Yu Y, Fang L (August 2021). "MIR22HG inhibits breast cancer progression by stabilizing LATS2 tumor suppressor". Cell Death & Disease. 12 (9): 810. doi:10.1038/s41419-021-04105-9. PMID 34446703.
  18. ^ Zhao H, Zhang M, Yang X, Song D (August 2021). "Overexpression of long non-coding RNA MIR22HG represses proliferation and enhances apoptosis via miR-629-5p/TET3 axis in osteosarcoma cell". Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology. 31 (10). doi:10.4014/jmb.2106.06028. PMID 34373436.
  19. ^ Huang GD, Liao P, Huang YH, Wu YL, Wu Y, Chen SQ, Xiong J (January 2021). "MIR22HG Regulates the Proliferation, Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition, and Apoptosis in Colorectal Carcinoma". Cancer Biotherapy & Radiopharmaceuticals. doi:10.1089/cbr.2019.3509. PMID 33493419.
  20. ^ a b Han M, Wang S, Fritah S, Wang X, Zhou W, Yang N, Ni S, Huang B, Chen A, Li G, Miletic H, Thorsen F, Bjerkvig R, Li X, Wang J (February 2020). "Interfering with long non-coding RNA MIR22HG processing inhibits glioblastoma progression through suppression of Wnt/β-catenin signalling". Brain : a Journal of Neurology. 143 (2): 512–530. doi:10.1093/brain/awz406. PMC 7009478. PMID 31891366.
  21. ^ Su W, Guo C, Wang L, Wang Z, Yang X, Niu F, Tzou D, Yang X, Huang X, Wu J, Chen X, Zou L, Yang Z, Chen G (July 2019). "LncRNA MIR22HG abrogation inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in esophageal adenocarcinoma cells via activation of the STAT3/c-Myc/FAK signaling". Aging. 11 (13): 4587–4596. doi:10.18632/aging.102071. PMC 6660029. PMID 31291201.
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