Eubrontes: Difference between revisions
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*{{extinct}}''Eubrontes approximatus'' <small>([[C.H. Hitchcock|Hitchcock]], 1865)</small> |
*{{extinct}}''Eubrontes approximatus'' <small>([[C.H. Hitchcock|Hitchcock]], 1865)</small> |
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*{{extinct}}''Eubrontes divaricatus'' <small>([[E. Hitchcock|Hitchcock]], 1865)</small> |
*{{extinct}}''Eubrontes divaricatus'' <small>([[E. Hitchcock|Hitchcock]], 1865)</small> |
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*{{extinct}}''Eubrontes euskelosauroides'' <small>[[F. von Huene|Huene]], 1932</small> |
*{{extinct}}''Eubrontes euskelosauroides'' <small>[[F. von Huene|Huene]], 1932</small> |
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*{{extinct}}''Eubrontes nobitai'' <small>{{tsl|zh|邢立达|Xing Lida}} et al, 2020</small><ref name="nobita"/> |
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*{{extinct}}''Eubrontes thianschanicum'' <small>([[Roman (surname)|Roman]])</small> |
*{{extinct}}''Eubrontes thianschanicum'' <small>([[Roman (surname)|Roman]])</small> |
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*{{extinct}}''Eubrontes veillonensis'' <small>[[A.F. de Lapparent|Lapparent]] & [[C. Monetnat|Monetnat]], 1967</small> |
*{{extinct}}''Eubrontes veillonensis'' <small>[[A.F. de Lapparent|Lapparent]] & [[C. Monetnat|Monetnat]], 1967</small> |
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[[Image:Eubrontes01.JPG|thumb|''Eubrontes'' in the Lower [[Jurassic]] [[Moenave Formation]] at the St. George Dinosaur Discovery Site at Johnson Farm, southwestern [[Utah]].]] |
[[Image:Eubrontes01.JPG|thumb|''Eubrontes'' in the Lower [[Jurassic]] [[Moenave Formation]] at the St. George Dinosaur Discovery Site at Johnson Farm, southwestern [[Utah]].]] |
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'''''Eubrontes''''' is the name of fossilised [[dinosaur]] footprints dating from the [[Late Triassic]] and [[Early Jurassic]]. They have been identified from France, Poland, Slovakia,<ref>[http://dinosaurusblog.com/2011/01/21/879373-dinosauri-ze-slovenska/ Czech article about dinosaur trace fossil finds from Slovakia]</ref> Czech Republic,<ref>[http://dinosaurusblog.com/2015/08/03/druhohorni-plazi-v-cechach-v/ Czech article about dinosaur trace fossils found in the Czech Republic]</ref> Italy, Spain, Sweden, Australia (Queensland), USA<ref name="Lockley2003">{{Cite journal | last1 = Lockley | first1 = M. | last2 = Matsukawa | first2 = M. | last3 = Jianjun | first3 = L. | title = Crouching Theropods in Taxonomic Jungles: Ichnological and Ichnotaxonomic Investigations of Footprints with Metatarsal and Ischial Impressions | doi = 10.1080/10420940390256249 | journal = Ichnos | volume = 10 | issue = 2–4 | pages = 169 | year = 2003 }}</ref> |
'''''Eubrontes''''' is the name of fossilised [[dinosaur]] footprints dating from the [[Late Triassic]] and [[Early Jurassic]]. They have been identified from France, Poland, Slovakia,<ref>[http://dinosaurusblog.com/2011/01/21/879373-dinosauri-ze-slovenska/ Czech article about dinosaur trace fossil finds from Slovakia]</ref> Czech Republic,<ref>[http://dinosaurusblog.com/2015/08/03/druhohorni-plazi-v-cechach-v/ Czech article about dinosaur trace fossils found in the Czech Republic]</ref> Italy, Spain, Sweden, Australia (Queensland), USA, <ref name="Lockley2003">{{Cite journal | last1 = Lockley | first1 = M. | last2 = Matsukawa | first2 = M. | last3 = Jianjun | first3 = L. | title = Crouching Theropods in Taxonomic Jungles: Ichnological and Ichnotaxonomic Investigations of Footprints with Metatarsal and Ischial Impressions | doi = 10.1080/10420940390256249 | journal = Ichnos | volume = 10 | issue = 2–4 | pages = 169 | year = 2003 }}</ref> India<ref>{{Cite news|last=Iqbal|first=Mohammed|date=2021-09-03|title=Rajasthan: Footprints of 3 dinosaur species found in Thar desert|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/rajasthan-footprints-of-3-dinosaur-species-found-in-thar-desert/article36277165.ece|access-date=2021-09-13|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> and China.<ref name="nobita">{{cite journal |url=https://journalofpalaeogeography.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s42501-021-00096-y |title=The new ichnotaxon Eubrontes nobitai ichnosp. nov. and other saurischian tracks from the Lower Cretaceous of Sichuan Province and a review of Chinese Eubrontes-type tracks |authors=Li-Da Xing, Martin G. Lockley, Hendrik Klein, Li-Jun Zhang, Anthony Romilio, W. Scott Persons IV, Guang-Zhao Peng, Yong Ye & Miao-Yan Wang |date=5 July, 2021 |journal=[[Journal of Palaeogeography]] }}</ref> |
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''Eubrontes'' is the name of the footprints, identified by their shape, and not of the [[genus]] or genera that made them, which is as yet unknown but is presumed to be similar to ''[[Coelophysis]]'' or ''[[Dilophosaurus]]''. They are most famous for their discovery in the [[Connecticut River Valley]] of [[Massachusetts]] in the early 19th century. They, among other footprints, were the first known non-avian dinosaur tracks to be discovered in North America, though they were initially thought to have been made by large birds. |
''Eubrontes'' is the name of the footprints, identified by their shape, and not of the [[genus]] or genera that made them, which is as yet unknown but is presumed to be similar to ''[[Coelophysis]]'' or ''[[Dilophosaurus]]''. They are most famous for their discovery in the [[Connecticut River Valley]] of [[Massachusetts]] in the early 19th century. They, among other footprints, were the first known non-avian dinosaur tracks to be discovered in North America, though they were initially thought to have been made by large birds. |
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Revision as of 17:53, 18 October 2021
| Eubrontes | |
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_-_close-up.JPG)
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Trace fossil classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Clade: | Dinosauria |
| Clade: | Saurischia |
| Clade: | Theropoda |
| Ichnofamily: | †Eubrontidae |
| Ichnogenus: | †Eubrontes Hitchcock, 1845 |
| Type ichnospecies | |
| †Eubrontes giganteus (Hitchcock, 1836)
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| Ichnospecies | |
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Eubrontes is the name of fossilised dinosaur footprints dating from the Late Triassic and Early Jurassic. They have been identified from France, Poland, Slovakia,[2] Czech Republic,[3] Italy, Spain, Sweden, Australia (Queensland), USA, [4] India[5] and China.[1]
Eubrontes is the name of the footprints, identified by their shape, and not of the genus or genera that made them, which is as yet unknown but is presumed to be similar to Coelophysis or Dilophosaurus. They are most famous for their discovery in the Connecticut River Valley of Massachusetts in the early 19th century. They, among other footprints, were the first known non-avian dinosaur tracks to be discovered in North America, though they were initially thought to have been made by large birds.
Discovery and identity
The footprints were first described by Edward Hitchcock, a professor of Amherst College, who thought they were made by a large bird. He originally assigned them to ichnotaxon Ornithichnites in 1836, then Ornithoidichnites in 1841, before coining Eubrontes in 1845. The name means "true thunder," probably referring to the supposed weight of the animal impacting on the ground.
in 1858 Hitchcock still described the tracks as those of "a thick-toed bird," since there was no evidence of tail drag marks. But by the time that Richard Swann Lull began working on the tracks in 1904, they were thought to belong to a dinosaur. Lull originally thought they were from a herbivore, but by 1953 he concluded they were from a carnivorous theropod. Many later authors have agreed with this interpretation, but some have suggested that they are from a prosauropod. Regardless, they are almost certainly saurischian.[6]
A typical Eubrontes print is from 25–50 cm long, with three toes that terminate in sharp claws. It belongs to a biped that must have been over one metre high at the hip and from 5–6 metres long. In the 1960s Edwin Colbert and others supposed that a large heavy carnivore like Teratosaurus (then considered to be a dinosaur) made the track, but a possible candidate is Dilophosaurus, a large theropod related to Coelophysis, or a close relative such as Podokesaurus. However no Dilophosaurus fossil material is associated with Eubrontes tracks. The tracks may also be from a plateosaurid. In 2016 Molina-Perez and Larramendi based on the 45 cm (1.48 ft) long footprint estimated the size of the animal at 8.4 meters (27.5 ft) and 600 kg (1.323 lbs).[7] Another 60.5 cm (1.98 ft) long footprint belongs to an 8.1 meter (26.6 ft), 1.1 tonne (2.425 lbs) individual, that was very similar to Sinosaurus triassicus.[7]
_-_prints.JPG)
Another major find occurred at Rocky Hill, Connecticut in 1966. Nearly 600 prints are preserved there in an area now designated Dinosaur State Park.
Paleopathology
A trackway attributed to the ichnogenus Eubrontes had a missing second digit on the right foot. The animal could have either lost the toe due to injury or it was malformed.[8]
In popular culture
In early 1970s, a fiberglass cast of an Eubrontes giganteus footprint was made by Paul E. Olsen, then 14 years old, and his friend Tony Lessa. On June 29, 1972, it was sent by Olsen and Lessa to President Richard Nixon to get his support for registering the Riker Hill Fossil Site in Roseland, New Jersey as a National Natural Landmark.[9]
In 1991, Eubrontes was named the state fossil of Connecticut.[10]
See also
- Connecticut River Valley trackways
- List of Australian and Antarctic dinosaurs
- Grallator
- Anomoepus
- Dilophosaurus
- Edward Hitchcock
Notes
- ^ a b "The new ichnotaxon Eubrontes nobitai ichnosp. nov. and other saurischian tracks from the Lower Cretaceous of Sichuan Province and a review of Chinese Eubrontes-type tracks". Journal of Palaeogeography. 5 July, 2021.
{{cite journal}}: Check date values in:|date=(help); Cite uses deprecated parameter|authors=(help) - ^ Czech article about dinosaur trace fossil finds from Slovakia
- ^ Czech article about dinosaur trace fossils found in the Czech Republic
- ^ Lockley, M.; Matsukawa, M.; Jianjun, L. (2003). "Crouching Theropods in Taxonomic Jungles: Ichnological and Ichnotaxonomic Investigations of Footprints with Metatarsal and Ischial Impressions". Ichnos. 10 (2–4): 169. doi:10.1080/10420940390256249.
- ^ Iqbal, Mohammed (2021-09-03). "Rajasthan: Footprints of 3 dinosaur species found in Thar desert". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 2021-09-13.
- ^ Robert E. Weems. 2003. "Plateosaurus foot structure suggests a single trackmaker for Eubrontes and Gigandipus footprints." In P. M. LeTourneau & P. E. Olsen (eds.). The Great Rift Valleys of Pangea in Eastern North America, Volume 2: Sedimentology, Stratigraphy, and Paleontology. New York: Columbia University Press, pp. 294–295.
- ^ a b Molina-Perez & Larramendi (2016). Récords y curiosidades de los dinosaurios Terópodos y otros dinosauromorfos. Spain: Larousse. pp. 95 & 120.
- ^ Molnar, R. E., 2001, Theropod paleopathology: a literature survey: In: Mesozoic Vertebrate Life, edited by Tanke, D. H., and Carpenter, K., Indiana University Press, p. 337-363.
- ^ Foot Forward. Archived 2009-04-07 at the Wayback Machine State of The Planet Blogs of The Earth Institute at Columbia University. March 11, 2009 - accessed on March 27, 2009
- ^ "The State Fossil".
References
- Colbert, E., Dinosaurs, Hutchinson & Co, 1962
- "Dino Land State Fossils: Eubrontes of Connecticut". Archived from the original on 2009-10-27.
- Queensland Dinosaur Trackways home.alphalink.com.au/dannj/larkqury.htm