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==Description==
==Description==
The body hair of the blond capuchin is almost uniformly golden-yellow with the notable exception of a whitish cap on the front half of the head. They have a pink-coloured face with light-brown eyes and a darkly-coloured, hairless throat flap on the ventral side of their neck. The hair on their feet and hands is much lighter compared to the rest of the coat, with their palms and souls of their feet being hairless and black in colour. The hair on the head grows towards the posterior and is not tufted. Blond capuchins are on the smaller end of capuchin monkeys, reaching a max head and body length of just 40 cm. Similar to other capuchin species, the length of the tail is nearly equivalent to the length of the head and body. The typical weight of adults ranges from 2 to 3 kilograms.<ref name="de_Oliveira" /><ref name=Mendes/>
The body hair of the blond capuchin is almost uniformly golden-yellow with the notable exception of a whitish cap on the front half of the head. They have a pink-coloured face with light-brown eyes and a darkly-coloured, hairless throat flap on the ventral side of their neck. The hair on their feet and hands is much lighter compared to the rest of the coat, with their palms and souls of their feet being hairless and black in colour. The hair on the head grows towards the posterior and is not tufted. Blond capuchins are on the smaller end of capuchin monkeys, reaching a max head and body length of just 40 cm. Similar to other capuchin species, the length of the tail is nearly equivalent to the length of the head and body. The typical weight of adults ranges from 2 to 3 kilograms.<ref name="de_Oliveira" /><ref name=Mendes/>

== Behaviour ==

=== Social Dynamics ===
Blond capuchins live in large, complex social groups that can be made up of over 150 individuals, containing both males and females.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Medeiros|first=Karolina|last2=Bastos|first2=Monique|last3=Jones|first3=Gareth|last4=Bezerra|first4=Bruna|date=2019-10|title=Behavior, Diet, and Habitat Use by Blonde Capuchin Monkeys (Sapajus flavius) in a Coastal Area Prone to Flooding: Direct Observations and Camera Trapping|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10764-019-00103-z|journal=International Journal of Primatology|language=en|volume=40|issue=4-5|pages=511–531|doi=10.1007/s10764-019-00103-z|issn=0164-0291}}</ref> Males will typically lead group movements, and will sometimes split into subgroups when foraging.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Bezerra|first=B. M.|last2=Bastos|first2=M.|last3=Souto|first3=A.|last4=Keasey|first4=M. P.|last5=Eason|first5=P.|last6=Schiel|first6=N.|last7=Jones|first7=G.|date=2014-10|title=Camera Trap Observations of Nonhabituated Critically Endangered Wild Blonde Capuchins, Sapajus flavius (Formerly Cebus flavius)|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10764-014-9782-4|journal=International Journal of Primatology|language=en|volume=35|issue=5|pages=895–907|doi=10.1007/s10764-014-9782-4|issn=0164-0291}}</ref> This is believed to reduce competition within the group, as their favoured food, fruits, are often found in clumps that could inspire conflict if too many individuals were to forage from the same clump at the same time.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|last=Lins|first=Poliana Gabriele Alves de Souza|last2=Ferreira|first2=Renata Gonçalves|date=2019-01-01|title=Competition during sugarcane crop raiding by blond capuchin monkeys (Sapajus flavius)|url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s10329-018-0698-z|journal=Primates|language=en|volume=60|issue=1|pages=81–91|doi=10.1007/s10329-018-0698-z|issn=1610-7365}}</ref> Although both males and females exhibit parental care, females are the primary caregivers of infants and have been observed to be doing the majority of infant carrying.<ref name=":1" /> Blond capuchins do not have a mating season, thus mothers can be observed carrying infants of different ages throughout all times of the year.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> One study observed a mother carrying her dead infant, causing her to fall behind from her group and become exposed to predation, suggesting blond capuchin mothers maintain strong bonds with their children. The mother in this study was guarded by two males, also suggesting that while males may not have much of a direct role in childcare, they may help by protecting mothers and infants from threats.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Andrade|first=Bruna M.T.|last2=Freire-Filho|first2=Robério|last3=Bezerra|first3=Bruna|date=2020-10-07|title=The behaviours of a female blonde capuchin (Sapajus flavius) towards her dead infant|url=https://brill.com/view/journals/beh/157/14-15/article-p1231_6.xml|journal=Behaviour|volume=157|issue=14-15|pages=1231–1238|doi=10.1163/1568539X-bja10042|issn=0005-7959}}</ref>

They use a variety of calls and behaviours to communicate with each other, with one study identifying 29 different call types. Although a few of the call types were shared with other capuchin species, the majority were unique to blond capuchins.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Bastos|first=Monique|last2=Souto|first2=Antonio|last3=Jones|first3=Gareth|last4=Eason|first4=Perri|last5=Bione|first5=Camila|last6=Schiel|first6=Nicola|last7=Bezerra|first7=Bruna|date=2015-06|title=Vocal repertoire of wild blonde capuchins ( Sapajus flavius ) and contextual use of calls: Blonde Capuchin Vocalizations|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ajp.22384|journal=American Journal of Primatology|language=en|volume=77|issue=6|pages=605–617|doi=10.1002/ajp.22384}}</ref>

=== Diet ===
Like other capuchin species, blond capuchins are diurnal and do most of their foraging during the early morning, possibly to avoid harsher midday temperatures.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Robinson|first=John G.|date=1984|title=Diurnal Variation in Foraging and Diet in the Wedge-Capped Capuchin Cebus olivaceus|url=https://www.karger.com/Article/FullText/156183|journal=Folia Primatologica|language=en|volume=43|issue=4|pages=216–228|doi=10.1159/000156183|issn=1421-9980}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Marie|first=Fragaszy, Dorothy Munkenbeck, 1950- Visalberghi, Elisabetta Fedigan, Linda|url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/488916944|title=The complete Capuchin : the biology of the cenus Cebus|date=2004|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=0-521-66116-1|oclc=488916944}}</ref> Blond capuchins are omnivores and feed on a wide variety of food types including fruits and other vegetable parts, small vertebrates, arthropods, and sugarcane. Notably, sugarcane was found in one study to make up 50% of the blond capuchin's diet, although fruit was the preferred food when available.<ref name=":2" /> Sugarcane is obtained by raiding the agricultural sugarcane fields that often surround the forest fragments the blond capuchins inhabit. Within these forest fragments, sugarcane is often more readily available than fruit, but requires significant processing time and effort, thus creating conflict between individuals who gather the sugarcane and individuals who would prefer to steal the processed sugarcane from the gatherers. Blond capuchins suck on the sugarcane rather than eating it, indicating that the consumption of sugarcane is providing caloric intake without much of the nutrition found in other plant foods they would normally consume.<ref name=":2" /> A study of a different group of blond capuchins found similarly that the majority of their diet was made up of introduced plants, suggesting that the blond capuchin's ability to adapt to new food sources is a significant contributing factor to their survival in forest fragments isolated by agricultural land.<ref>{{Citation|last=de Jesus Rodrigues Malta|first=Alexandre|title=The Simplified Novel Diet of the Highly Threatened Blond Capuchin in the Vanishing Pernambuco Endemism Center|date=2013|url=https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8839-2_17|work=Primates in Fragments: Complexity and Resilience|pages=245–257|editor-last=Marsh|editor-first=Laura K.|series=Developments in Primatology: Progress and Prospects|place=New York, NY|publisher=Springer|language=en|doi=10.1007/978-1-4614-8839-2_17|isbn=978-1-4614-8839-2|access-date=2021-11-09|last2=Pontes|first2=Antonio Rossano Mendes|editor2-last=Chapman|editor2-first=Colin A.}}</ref>
[[File:Blond capuchin Cebus flavius Paraiba Brazil.jpg|left|thumb|361x361px|Mother gathering food while her child holds on to her back.]]

=== Tool Use ===
While tool use is not common in blond capuchins, it has been observed in a few instances. One such instance is the occurrence of termite fishing by blond capuchins inhabiting Atlantic forests. This process involves first finding an arboreal termite nest, finding a stick, putting the stick in the nest, pulling the stick out after a short amount of time, then finally eating the termites on the stick.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Souto|first=Antonio|last2=Bione|first2=Camila B. C.|last3=Bastos|first3=Monique|last4=Bezerra|first4=Bruna M.|last5=Fragaszy|first5=Dorothy|last6=Schiel|first6=Nicola|date=2011-08-23|title=Critically endangered blonde capuchins fish for termites and use new techniques to accomplish the task|url=https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsbl.2011.0034|journal=Biology Letters|language=en|volume=7|issue=4|pages=532–535|doi=10.1098/rsbl.2011.0034|issn=1744-9561|pmc=PMC3130233|pmid=21389018}}</ref>

Blond capuchins have also been observed rubbing the toxic defensive secretions of ''Poecilocricus'' millipedes on themselves. This behaviour was performed by individuals of all ages, done mostly socially, and during mosquito season, suggesting this behaviour serves a duel purpose as a method of social bonding and a method of mosquito repellent.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Medeiros|first=Karolina|last2=Campêlo|first2=Anielise|last3=Maia|first3=Artur Campos D.|last4=Filho|first4=Robério Freire|last5=Do Amaral Ferraz Navarro|first5=Daniela Maria|last6=Chagas|first6=Amazonas|last7=Bastos|first7=Monique|last8=Jones|first8=Gareth|last9=Bezerra|first9=Bruna|date=2020-10|title=Wild Blonde Capuchins (Sapajus flavius) Perform Anointing Behaviour Using Toxic Secretions of a Millipede (Spirobolida: Rhinocricidae)|url=https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10886-020-01215-0|journal=Journal of Chemical Ecology|language=en|volume=46|issue=10|pages=1010–1015|doi=10.1007/s10886-020-01215-0|issn=0098-0331}}</ref> Similar behaviours have been observed in other capuchin species, although the secretions served an anti-parasitic role. Here, individuals were observed applying the secretions to each other's hard-to-reach areas, suggesting the sociality of this behaviour may provide further health and efficacy benefits.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Bowler|first=Mark|last2=Messer|first2=Emily J. E.|last3=Claidière|first3=Nicolas|last4=Whiten|first4=Andrew|date=2015-12|title=Mutual medication in capuchin monkeys – Social anointing improves coverage of topically applied anti-parasite medicines|url=http://www.nature.com/articles/srep15030|journal=Scientific Reports|language=en|volume=5|issue=1|pages=15030|doi=10.1038/srep15030|issn=2045-2322|pmc=PMC4601033|pmid=26456539}}</ref>

In the Caatinga biome, blond capuchins have been observed using a 'hammer and anvil' method to crack open ''Manihot'' nuts, the hammer being a small rock and the anvil being a larger rock.<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal|last=Garcia|first=Francini|last2=Souza-Alves|first2=João Pedro|last3=Martins|first3=Amely|last4=Valença-Montenegro|first4=Mônica|date=2020-11|title=First steps towards conservation of the Endangered blonde capuchin monkey Sapajus flavius in the Caatinga dry forest, Brazil|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0030605320000915/type/journal_article|journal=Oryx|language=en|volume=54|issue=6|pages=762–762|doi=10.1017/S0030605320000915|issn=0030-6053}}</ref>


==Distribution==
==Distribution==

Revision as of 18:24, 29 November 2021

Blond capuchin
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Primates
Suborder: Haplorhini
Infraorder: Simiiformes
Family: Cebidae
Genus: Sapajus
Species:
S. flavius
Binomial name
Sapajus flavius
Schreber, 1774
Blond capuchin range
Synonyms

Cebus queirozi Mendes Pontes and Malta, 2006

The blond capuchin (Sapajus flavius) is a species of the capuchin monkeys group, the genus Sapajus. This endangered species was rediscovered in 2006. It is endemic to northeastern Brazil.

Classification

The blond capuchin was first described as "caitaia" by Georg Marcgrave in 1648.[2] In 1774 Johann Christian Daniel von Schreber posited Simia flavia as an independent species, but it had long lacked any specimen.[3] It was not until in 2006 when researchers made its neotype designation.[4] In their neotype designation article, de Oliveira and Langguth confirmed the consistency of Marcgrave’s, Schreber’s, and their capuchins, attributed the authority to Schreber, and established a new combination of its scientific name, C. flavius Schreber, 1774.

In the same year, 2006, Mendes Pontes and Malta reported C. queirozi as a new species.[5] However, de Oliveira and his collaborators pointed out the existence of the previous studies, that is, those of Marcgrave and Schreber, as well as the inadequacy of Mendes Pontes and Malta's designation of the type specimen, and therefore considered C. queirozi to be a junior synonym.[1][4] Rylands and Mittermeier followed de Oliveira and Langguth’s view.[6]

In 2011, Jessica Lynch Alfaro et al. proposed that the robust capuchins such (formerly the C. apella group) be placed in a separate genus, Sapajus, from the gracile capuchins (formerly the C. capucinus group) which retain the genus Cebus.[7][8]

Description

The body hair of the blond capuchin is almost uniformly golden-yellow with the notable exception of a whitish cap on the front half of the head. They have a pink-coloured face with light-brown eyes and a darkly-coloured, hairless throat flap on the ventral side of their neck. The hair on their feet and hands is much lighter compared to the rest of the coat, with their palms and souls of their feet being hairless and black in colour. The hair on the head grows towards the posterior and is not tufted. Blond capuchins are on the smaller end of capuchin monkeys, reaching a max head and body length of just 40 cm. Similar to other capuchin species, the length of the tail is nearly equivalent to the length of the head and body. The typical weight of adults ranges from 2 to 3 kilograms.[4][5]

Behaviour

Social Dynamics

Blond capuchins live in large, complex social groups that can be made up of over 150 individuals, containing both males and females.[9] Males will typically lead group movements, and will sometimes split into subgroups when foraging.[9][10] This is believed to reduce competition within the group, as their favoured food, fruits, are often found in clumps that could inspire conflict if too many individuals were to forage from the same clump at the same time.[9][11] Although both males and females exhibit parental care, females are the primary caregivers of infants and have been observed to be doing the majority of infant carrying.[10] Blond capuchins do not have a mating season, thus mothers can be observed carrying infants of different ages throughout all times of the year.[9][10] One study observed a mother carrying her dead infant, causing her to fall behind from her group and become exposed to predation, suggesting blond capuchin mothers maintain strong bonds with their children. The mother in this study was guarded by two males, also suggesting that while males may not have much of a direct role in childcare, they may help by protecting mothers and infants from threats.[12]

They use a variety of calls and behaviours to communicate with each other, with one study identifying 29 different call types. Although a few of the call types were shared with other capuchin species, the majority were unique to blond capuchins.[13]

Diet

Like other capuchin species, blond capuchins are diurnal and do most of their foraging during the early morning, possibly to avoid harsher midday temperatures.[9][14][15] Blond capuchins are omnivores and feed on a wide variety of food types including fruits and other vegetable parts, small vertebrates, arthropods, and sugarcane. Notably, sugarcane was found in one study to make up 50% of the blond capuchin's diet, although fruit was the preferred food when available.[11] Sugarcane is obtained by raiding the agricultural sugarcane fields that often surround the forest fragments the blond capuchins inhabit. Within these forest fragments, sugarcane is often more readily available than fruit, but requires significant processing time and effort, thus creating conflict between individuals who gather the sugarcane and individuals who would prefer to steal the processed sugarcane from the gatherers. Blond capuchins suck on the sugarcane rather than eating it, indicating that the consumption of sugarcane is providing caloric intake without much of the nutrition found in other plant foods they would normally consume.[11] A study of a different group of blond capuchins found similarly that the majority of their diet was made up of introduced plants, suggesting that the blond capuchin's ability to adapt to new food sources is a significant contributing factor to their survival in forest fragments isolated by agricultural land.[16]

Mother gathering food while her child holds on to her back.

Tool Use

While tool use is not common in blond capuchins, it has been observed in a few instances. One such instance is the occurrence of termite fishing by blond capuchins inhabiting Atlantic forests. This process involves first finding an arboreal termite nest, finding a stick, putting the stick in the nest, pulling the stick out after a short amount of time, then finally eating the termites on the stick.[17]

Blond capuchins have also been observed rubbing the toxic defensive secretions of Poecilocricus millipedes on themselves. This behaviour was performed by individuals of all ages, done mostly socially, and during mosquito season, suggesting this behaviour serves a duel purpose as a method of social bonding and a method of mosquito repellent.[18] Similar behaviours have been observed in other capuchin species, although the secretions served an anti-parasitic role. Here, individuals were observed applying the secretions to each other's hard-to-reach areas, suggesting the sociality of this behaviour may provide further health and efficacy benefits.[19]

In the Caatinga biome, blond capuchins have been observed using a 'hammer and anvil' method to crack open Manihot nuts, the hammer being a small rock and the anvil being a larger rock.[20]

Distribution

This species inhabits the northeastern Atlantic Forest extended in the states of Paraíba, Pernambuco, and Alagoas in the northeastern part of Brazil.[4][5] The blond capuchin was rediscovered in two Atlantic Forest fragments in Paraíba, the Camaratuba Experimental Station and the Engenho Gargaú Private Natural Heritage Reserve. Sample animals were captured and examined. In the Gargaú reserve they seemed healthy and were probably a viable population for the next 100 years. The Camaratuba population had a 50% risk of extinction.[21] They have also been seen in the Pau-Brasil Ecological Station in Paraíba, just south of the Camaratuba station.[22]

References

  1. ^ a b Valença-Montenegro, M.M.; Bezerra, B.M.; Martins, A.B.; Jerusalinsky, L.; Fialho, M.S.; Lynch Alfaro, J.W. (2021). "Sapajus flavius". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T136253A192592928. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T136253A192592928.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  2. ^ Marcgrave, G. (1648), "Liber sextus: De quadrupedibus, et sepentibus", Historiae rerum naturalium Brasiliae, Lugdunum Batavorum: Franciscus Hackius, pp. 226–227, retrieved 4 May 2009, cited by de Oliveira & Langguth 2006.
  3. ^ Schreber, J. C. D. von (1774), Die Säugethiere in Abbildungen nach der Natur, mit Beschreibungen, Leipzig: Siegfried Leberecht Crusius, cited by de Oliveira & Langguth 2006.
  4. ^ a b c d de Oliveira, M. M.; Langguth, A. (2006), "Rediscovery of Marcgrave's capuchin monkey and designation of a neotype for Simia flavia Schreber, 1774 (Primates, Cebidae)." (PDF), Boletim do Museu Nacional: Nova Série: Zoologia, vol. 523, pp. 1–16, archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2009, retrieved 4 May 2009
  5. ^ a b c Mendes Pontes, A. R.; Malta, A.; Asfora, P. H. (2006), "A new species of capuchin monkey, genus Cebus Erxleben (Cebidae, Primates): Found at the very brink of extinction in the Pernambuco Endemism Centre." (PDF), Zootaxa, vol. 1200, pp. 1–12, retrieved 4 May 2009
  6. ^ Rylands, A. B.; Mittermeier, R. A. (2009), "The diversity of the New World primates (Platyrrhini): An annotated taxonomy", in Garber, P. A.; Estrada, A.; Bicca-Marques, J. C.; Heymann, E. W.; Strier, K. B. (eds.), South American primates: Comparative perspectives in the study of behavior, ecology, and conservation, New York: Springer Science+Business Media, pp. 23–54, ISBN 978-0-387-78704-6
  7. ^ Lynch Alfaro, J.W.; et al. (2011). "Explosive Pleistocene range expansion leads to widespread Amazonian sympatry between robust and gracile capuchin monkeys" (PDF). Journal of Biogeography. 39 (2): 272–288. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2699.2011.02609.x. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 February 2015.
  8. ^ Lynch Alfaro, J.W.; Silva, j. & Rylands, A.B. (2012). "How different are robust and gracile capuchin monkeys? An argument for the use of Sapajus and Cebus". American Journal of Primatology. 74 (4): 1–14. doi:10.1002/ajp.22007. PMID 22328205. S2CID 18840598.
  9. ^ a b c d e Medeiros, Karolina; Bastos, Monique; Jones, Gareth; Bezerra, Bruna (2019-10). "Behavior, Diet, and Habitat Use by Blonde Capuchin Monkeys (Sapajus flavius) in a Coastal Area Prone to Flooding: Direct Observations and Camera Trapping". International Journal of Primatology. 40 (4–5): 511–531. doi:10.1007/s10764-019-00103-z. ISSN 0164-0291. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  10. ^ a b c Bezerra, B. M.; Bastos, M.; Souto, A.; Keasey, M. P.; Eason, P.; Schiel, N.; Jones, G. (2014-10). "Camera Trap Observations of Nonhabituated Critically Endangered Wild Blonde Capuchins, Sapajus flavius (Formerly Cebus flavius)". International Journal of Primatology. 35 (5): 895–907. doi:10.1007/s10764-014-9782-4. ISSN 0164-0291. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  11. ^ a b c Lins, Poliana Gabriele Alves de Souza; Ferreira, Renata Gonçalves (1 January 2019). "Competition during sugarcane crop raiding by blond capuchin monkeys (Sapajus flavius)". Primates. 60 (1): 81–91. doi:10.1007/s10329-018-0698-z. ISSN 1610-7365.
  12. ^ Andrade, Bruna M.T.; Freire-Filho, Robério; Bezerra, Bruna (7 October 2020). "The behaviours of a female blonde capuchin (Sapajus flavius) towards her dead infant". Behaviour. 157 (14–15): 1231–1238. doi:10.1163/1568539X-bja10042. ISSN 0005-7959.
  13. ^ Bastos, Monique; Souto, Antonio; Jones, Gareth; Eason, Perri; Bione, Camila; Schiel, Nicola; Bezerra, Bruna (2015-06). "Vocal repertoire of wild blonde capuchins ( Sapajus flavius ) and contextual use of calls: Blonde Capuchin Vocalizations". American Journal of Primatology. 77 (6): 605–617. doi:10.1002/ajp.22384. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  14. ^ Robinson, John G. (1984). "Diurnal Variation in Foraging and Diet in the Wedge-Capped Capuchin Cebus olivaceus". Folia Primatologica. 43 (4): 216–228. doi:10.1159/000156183. ISSN 1421-9980.
  15. ^ Marie, Fragaszy, Dorothy Munkenbeck, 1950- Visalberghi, Elisabetta Fedigan, Linda (2004). The complete Capuchin : the biology of the cenus Cebus. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-66116-1. OCLC 488916944.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  16. ^ de Jesus Rodrigues Malta, Alexandre; Pontes, Antonio Rossano Mendes (2013), Marsh, Laura K.; Chapman, Colin A. (eds.), "The Simplified Novel Diet of the Highly Threatened Blond Capuchin in the Vanishing Pernambuco Endemism Center", Primates in Fragments: Complexity and Resilience, Developments in Primatology: Progress and Prospects, New York, NY: Springer, pp. 245–257, doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-8839-2_17, ISBN 978-1-4614-8839-2, retrieved 9 November 2021
  17. ^ Souto, Antonio; Bione, Camila B. C.; Bastos, Monique; Bezerra, Bruna M.; Fragaszy, Dorothy; Schiel, Nicola (23 August 2011). "Critically endangered blonde capuchins fish for termites and use new techniques to accomplish the task". Biology Letters. 7 (4): 532–535. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2011.0034. ISSN 1744-9561. PMC 3130233. PMID 21389018.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: PMC format (link)
  18. ^ Medeiros, Karolina; Campêlo, Anielise; Maia, Artur Campos D.; Filho, Robério Freire; Do Amaral Ferraz Navarro, Daniela Maria; Chagas, Amazonas; Bastos, Monique; Jones, Gareth; Bezerra, Bruna (2020-10). "Wild Blonde Capuchins (Sapajus flavius) Perform Anointing Behaviour Using Toxic Secretions of a Millipede (Spirobolida: Rhinocricidae)". Journal of Chemical Ecology. 46 (10): 1010–1015. doi:10.1007/s10886-020-01215-0. ISSN 0098-0331. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  19. ^ Bowler, Mark; Messer, Emily J. E.; Claidière, Nicolas; Whiten, Andrew (2015-12). "Mutual medication in capuchin monkeys – Social anointing improves coverage of topically applied anti-parasite medicines". Scientific Reports. 5 (1): 15030. doi:10.1038/srep15030. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 4601033. PMID 26456539. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: PMC format (link)
  20. ^ Garcia, Francini; Souza-Alves, João Pedro; Martins, Amely; Valença-Montenegro, Mônica (2020-11). "First steps towards conservation of the Endangered blonde capuchin monkey Sapajus flavius in the Caatinga dry forest, Brazil". Oryx. 54 (6): 762–762. doi:10.1017/S0030605320000915. ISSN 0030-6053. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  21. ^ Valença Montenegro, Mônica Mafra (5 December 2011), Ecologia de Cebus flavius (Schreber, 1774) em remanescentes de Mata Atlântica no estado da Paraíba (Thesis), Universidade de São Paulo, doi:10.11606/T.91.2011.tde-20122011-143229
  22. ^ Michelle Scarione, "Mamanguape é região importante para preservação do pau-brasil", Paraíba Urgente (in Portuguese), archived from the original on 23 September 2016, retrieved 28 May 2015
Wikispecies has information related to Cebus queirozi.
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