Polytrichum piliferum: Difference between revisions

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== Distribution ==
== Distribution ==
The species has a bipolar cosmopolitan distribution, occurring in suitable habitats on all continents<ref name=":0" /><ref name=Rosetal>{{cite journal |first1=Rosa María |last1=Ros |first2=María J. |last2=Cano |first3=Juan |last3=Guerra |date=1999 |title=Bryophyte checklist of Northern Africa |journal=Journal of Bryology |volume=21 |issue=3 |pages=207-244 |doi=10.1179/jbr.1999.21.3.207 }}</ref> including Antarctica.<ref name=Putzke>{{cite book |first1=J. |last1=Putzke |first2=A.B. |last2=Pereira |date=2001 |title=The Antarctic mosses with special reference to the South Shetland Islands |publisher=Ed. Ulbra |location=Brazil |isbn=85-7528-008-2 }}</ref>{{rp|39}} It is found in similar situations to ''[[Polytrichum juniperinum]]'',<ref name="EVWatson">{{Cite book|first=EV |last=Watson |edition=3 |title=British Mosses and Liverworts: An Introductory Work|date=1981|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-28536-0|pages=148|language=en |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ObkiIRXZxd8C&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA517&dq=Polytrichum+piliferum&hl=en}}</ref> although ''P. piliferum'' prefers more open and mobile areas than ''P. juniperinum''<ref name=BBS>{{cite book |editor1-last=Atherton|editor1-first=I|editor2-last=Bosanquet|editor2-first=S|editor3-last=Lawley|editor3-first=M |title=Mosses and liverworts of Britain and Ireland, a field guide |date=2010 |publisher=British Bryological Society Publications |location=Plymouth, UK |isbn=978-0-9561310-1-0 |url=https://www.britishbryologicalsociety.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Polytrichum-piliferum.pdf }}</ref>{{rp|324}} as well as more dry areas.<ref name=":4" /> In dry areas the species is able to handle temperatures as high as 90 C to 100 C.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Stoutjesdijk|first=Ph|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O7O9CwAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA114&dq=Polytrichum+piliferum&hl=en|title=Microclimate, Vegetation & Fauna|last2=Barkman|first2=J. J.|date=2014-12-01|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-90-04-29780-7|pages=152|language=en}}</ref>
The species has a bipolar cosmopolitan distribution, occurring in suitable habitats on all continents<ref name=":0" /><ref name=Rosetal>{{cite journal |first1=Rosa María |last1=Ros |first2=María J. |last2=Cano |first3=Juan |last3=Guerra |date=1999 |title=Bryophyte checklist of Northern Africa |journal=Journal of Bryology |volume=21 |issue=3 |pages=207–244 |doi=10.1179/jbr.1999.21.3.207 }}</ref> including Antarctica.<ref name=Putzke>{{cite book |first1=J. |last1=Putzke |first2=A.B. |last2=Pereira |date=2001 |title=The Antarctic mosses with special reference to the South Shetland Islands |publisher=Ed. Ulbra |location=Brazil |isbn=85-7528-008-2 }}</ref>{{rp|39}} It is found in similar situations to ''[[Polytrichum juniperinum]]'',<ref name="EVWatson">{{Cite book|first=EV |last=Watson |edition=3 |title=British Mosses and Liverworts: An Introductory Work|date=1981|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-28536-0|pages=148|language=en |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ObkiIRXZxd8C&dq=Polytrichum+piliferum&pg=PA517}}</ref> although ''P. piliferum'' prefers more open and mobile areas than ''P. juniperinum''<ref name=BBS>{{cite book |editor1-last=Atherton|editor1-first=I|editor2-last=Bosanquet|editor2-first=S|editor3-last=Lawley|editor3-first=M |title=Mosses and liverworts of Britain and Ireland, a field guide |date=2010 |publisher=British Bryological Society Publications |location=Plymouth, UK |isbn=978-0-9561310-1-0 |url=https://www.britishbryologicalsociety.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Polytrichum-piliferum.pdf }}</ref>{{rp|324}} as well as more dry areas.<ref name=":4" /> In dry areas the species is able to handle temperatures as high as 90 C to 100 C.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Stoutjesdijk|first1=Ph|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O7O9CwAAQBAJ&dq=Polytrichum+piliferum&pg=PA114|title=Microclimate, Vegetation & Fauna|last2=Barkman|first2=J. J.|date=2014-12-01|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-90-04-29780-7|pages=152|language=en}}</ref>


Its habitat includes gravel that is dry and sandy gravel. Another habitat is rocks on road banks or [[Pasture|pastures]].<ref name=":3">{{Cite book|last=McKnight|first=Karl B.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jvpWGRQVhhgC&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&hl=en|title=Common Mosses of the Northeast and Appalachians|last2=Rohrer|first2=Joseph R.|last3=Ward|first3=Kirsten McKnight|last4=Perdrizet|first4=Warren J.|date=2013-02-21|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-1-4008-4588-0|pages=65|language=en}}</ref> It is also found in shallow and drained sandy or gravel like ground over rocks and boulders in situations when its sunny.<ref name=":1" />
Its habitat includes gravel that is dry and sandy gravel. Another habitat is rocks on road banks or [[Pasture|pastures]].<ref name=":3">{{Cite book|last1=McKnight|first1=Karl B.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jvpWGRQVhhgC|title=Common Mosses of the Northeast and Appalachians|last2=Rohrer|first2=Joseph R.|last3=Ward|first3=Kirsten McKnight|last4=Perdrizet|first4=Warren J.|date=2013-02-21|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-1-4008-4588-0|pages=65|language=en}}</ref> It is also found in shallow and drained sandy or gravel like ground over rocks and boulders in situations when its sunny.<ref name=":1" />


''P. piliferum'' is less common than ''[[Polytrichum juniperinum]]''.<ref name="EVWatson" /> It often occurs in association with species of ''[[Cladonia]]''.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Polytrichum piliferum in Flora of North America @ efloras.org|url=http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=200002675|access-date=2021-10-06|website=www.efloras.org}}</ref> In sandy dry grass lands the species prevents higher plants from growing.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Leuschner|first=Christoph|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j7I1DwAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA569&dq=polytrichum+piliferum+reproduces&hl=en|title=Ecology of Central European Non-Forest Vegetation: Coastal to Alpine, Natural to Man-Made Habitats: Vegetation Ecology of Central Europe, Volume II|last2=Ellenberg|first2=Heinz|date=2017-09-13|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-319-43048-5|pages=569|language=en}}</ref>
''P. piliferum'' is less common than ''[[Polytrichum juniperinum]]''.<ref name="EVWatson" /> It often occurs in association with species of ''[[Cladonia]]''.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Polytrichum piliferum in Flora of North America @ efloras.org|url=http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=200002675|access-date=2021-10-06|website=www.efloras.org}}</ref> In sandy dry grass lands the species prevents higher plants from growing.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Leuschner|first1=Christoph|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j7I1DwAAQBAJ&dq=polytrichum+piliferum+reproduces&pg=PA569|title=Ecology of Central European Non-Forest Vegetation: Coastal to Alpine, Natural to Man-Made Habitats: Vegetation Ecology of Central Europe, Volume II|last2=Ellenberg|first2=Heinz|date=2017-09-13|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-319-43048-5|pages=569|language=en}}</ref>


== Description ==
== Description ==
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{{Expand section|date=October 2021}}
{{Expand section|date=October 2021}}
The species is [[Dioicous|dioicious]], having separate male and female plants.<ref name=":1" /> In this species the [[Antheridium|antheridia]] develop from cells below the leaves.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Goffinet|first=Bernard|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=te0fAwAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PT900&dq=Polytrichum+piliferum&hl=en|title=Bryophyte Biology|date=2008-10-30|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-107-37728-8|pages=76|language=en}}</ref>
The species is [[Dioicous|dioicious]], having separate male and female plants.<ref name=":1" /> In this species the [[Antheridium|antheridia]] develop from cells below the leaves.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Goffinet|first=Bernard|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=te0fAwAAQBAJ&dq=Polytrichum+piliferum&pg=PT900|title=Bryophyte Biology|date=2008-10-30|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-107-37728-8|pages=76|language=en}}</ref>


== References ==
== References ==

Revision as of 03:26, 13 December 2021

Polytrichum piliferum
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Division: Bryophyta
Class: Polytrichopsida
Order: Polytrichales
Family: Polytrichaceae
Genus: Polytrichum
Species:
P. piliferum
Binomial name
Polytrichum piliferum
Hedw.
Synonyms[1]
Synonyms
  • Polytrichum piliferum var alpestre Wulfsb.
  • Polytrichum piliferum var elegans Baur
  • Polytrichum piliferum var hoppei (Hornsch.) H.C. Hall
  • Polytrichum piliferum var hyperboreus (R.Br.) Müll. Hal.
  • Polytrichum piliferum var longisetum Bauer
  • Polytrichum piliferum var tectorum Warnst.
  • Polytrichum piliferum f Schiffneri Baur

Polytrichum piliferum, the bristly haircap, is an evergreen perennial species of moss in the family Polytrichaceae.[2] It has a bipolar, cosmopolitan distribution, occurring on all continents including mainland Antarctica.

Common names

In English the species goes by the common names polytrichum moss, bristly haircap,[3] or bristly haircap moss. In Finnish its common name is karvakarhunsammal, while in German it is called Glashaar-Frauenhaarmoos, Glashaar-Haarmützenmoos, Glashaar-Widertonmoos, Haartragendes Frauenhaar-Moos, or Haartragendes Frauenhaarmoos.[2]

Distribution

The species has a bipolar cosmopolitan distribution, occurring in suitable habitats on all continents[2][4] including Antarctica.[5]: 39  It is found in similar situations to Polytrichum juniperinum,[3] although P. piliferum prefers more open and mobile areas than P. juniperinum[6]: 324  as well as more dry areas.[7] In dry areas the species is able to handle temperatures as high as 90 C to 100 C.[8]

Its habitat includes gravel that is dry and sandy gravel. Another habitat is rocks on road banks or pastures.[9] It is also found in shallow and drained sandy or gravel like ground over rocks and boulders in situations when its sunny.[10]

P. piliferum is less common than Polytrichum juniperinum.[3] It often occurs in association with species of Cladonia.[10] In sandy dry grass lands the species prevents higher plants from growing.[11]

Description

Leaves

A female plant of Polytrichum piliferum with attached sporophyte showing the hyaline leaf points
A cross section of the leaf photosynthetic lamellae of Polytrichum piliferum

In P. piliferum shorter leaves are located close together towards the tip of its red stems, giving the shoot a characteristic tapered shape.[3] The leaves have white, hair like awns at the tips, in contrast to the short red-brown awns of P. juniperinum. These leaves can be from 4 mm to 7 mm long,[9] although they may be shorter in dry areas.[7] The leaves have parallel, longitudinal lamellae of photosynthetic tissue on their upper surfaces. Under a microscope the cross section of each lamella appears 1 cell wide and 5 to 7 cells high.[9]

It is the only species in its genus where the awn is completely hyaline.[7]

Reproduction

male shoots of Polytrichum piliferum showing the reddish terminal 'flowers' that contain the antheridia

The species is dioicious, having separate male and female plants.[10] In this species the antheridia develop from cells below the leaves.[12]

References

  1. ^ "Polytrichum piliferum". The Plant List. Royal Botanic Garden Kew and Missouri Botanic Garden. 2013. Retrieved 8 October 2021.
  2. ^ a b c "Polytrichum moss - Encyclopedia of Life". eol.org. Retrieved 2021-10-05.
  3. ^ a b c d Watson, EV (1981). British Mosses and Liverworts: An Introductory Work (3 ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 148. ISBN 978-0-521-28536-0.
  4. ^ Ros, Rosa María; Cano, María J.; Guerra, Juan (1999). "Bryophyte checklist of Northern Africa". Journal of Bryology. 21 (3): 207–244. doi:10.1179/jbr.1999.21.3.207.
  5. ^ Putzke, J.; Pereira, A.B. (2001). The Antarctic mosses with special reference to the South Shetland Islands. Brazil: Ed. Ulbra. ISBN 85-7528-008-2.
  6. ^ Atherton, I; Bosanquet, S; Lawley, M, eds. (2010). Mosses and liverworts of Britain and Ireland, a field guide (PDF). Plymouth, UK: British Bryological Society Publications. ISBN 978-0-9561310-1-0.
  7. ^ a b c Webmaster, David Ratz. "Frosted Haircap Moss - Montana Field Guide". fieldguide.mt.gov. Retrieved 2021-10-06.
  8. ^ Stoutjesdijk, Ph; Barkman, J. J. (2014-12-01). Microclimate, Vegetation & Fauna. BRILL. p. 152. ISBN 978-90-04-29780-7.
  9. ^ a b c McKnight, Karl B.; Rohrer, Joseph R.; Ward, Kirsten McKnight; Perdrizet, Warren J. (2013-02-21). Common Mosses of the Northeast and Appalachians. Princeton University Press. p. 65. ISBN 978-1-4008-4588-0.
  10. ^ a b c "Polytrichum piliferum in Flora of North America @ efloras.org". www.efloras.org. Retrieved 2021-10-06.
  11. ^ Leuschner, Christoph; Ellenberg, Heinz (2017-09-13). Ecology of Central European Non-Forest Vegetation: Coastal to Alpine, Natural to Man-Made Habitats: Vegetation Ecology of Central Europe, Volume II. Springer. p. 569. ISBN 978-3-319-43048-5.
  12. ^ Goffinet, Bernard (2008-10-30). Bryophyte Biology. Cambridge University Press. p. 76. ISBN 978-1-107-37728-8.
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