Bay of Dili: Difference between revisions

Coordinates: 8°32′57″S 125°34′31″E / 8.5492°S 125.5753°E / -8.5492; 125.5753
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==Geography==
==Geography==
The bay is located immediately to the north of the similarly named [[Dili Municipality|Dili municipality]]. It extends from the mouth of the [[Comoro River]] in the west to [[Cristo Rei Beach]], {{ill|Cape Fatucama|de|Kap Fatu Cama}}, and the ''[[Cristo Rei of Dili]]'' statue in the north east. At the southern extremity of the bay is the [[Port of Dili]], which is also at the north western edge of the Dili city centre.<ref name="md emsatl 2019"/>
The bay is located immediately to the north of the similarly named [[Dili Municipality|Dili municipality]]. It extends from the mouth of the [[Comoro River]] in the west to [[Cristo Rei Beach]], {{ill|Cape Fatucama|de|Kap Fatu Cama}}, and the ''[[Cristo Rei of Dili]]'' statue in the north east.<ref name="md emsatl 2019"/>
At the southern extremity of the bay, and also at the north western edge of the Dili city centre, is the [[Port of Dili]].<ref name="md emsatl 2019"/>

==History==
Early records about Timor, especially before the 1700s, are sparse.<ref name="Thomaz2017">{{cite journal |last1=Thomaz |first1=Luís Filipe F. R. |title=La chronologie historique de Timor Oriental |journal=Archipel |date=2017 |issue=93 |pages=199–217 |doi=10.4000/archipel.416 |hdl=10400.14/35931 |url=https://journals.openedition.org/archipel/416 |language=fr}}</ref>{{rp|199}} Portuguese settlers are said to have arrived in the Bay of Dili in 1520, and to have established a small settlement there.<ref name="hearman 2022">{{cite book |last1=Hearman |first1=Vannessa |editor1-last=Baillargeon |editor1-first=David |editor2-last=Taylor |editor2-first=Jeremy E. |title=Spatial Histories of Occupation Colonialism, Conquest and Foreign Control in Asia |date=2022 |publisher=Bloomsbury Academic |location=London |isbn=9781350252608 |pages=25–50 |url=https://www.bloomsburycollections.com/book/spatial-histories-of-occupation-colonialism-conquest-and-foreign-control-in-asia/ch1-displacement-urban-transformations-and-resistance-in-indonesian-occupied-dili-east-timor |access-date=28 March 2022 |chapter=Chapter 1. Displacement, Urban Transformations and Resistance in Indonesian-Occupied Dili, East Timor |doi=10.5040/9781350257023.ch-001}}</ref>

A quarter of a millenium later, in 1769, the governor of [[Portuguese Timor]] sought to break the influence of [[Topasses|powerful local families]] in [[Lifau]], [[Oecusse]], his then residence, by moving the colonial administration and 1,200 people to the site of what would become Dili.<ref name="telkamp 1979">{{cite book |last1=Telkamp |first1=Gerard J. |editor1-last=Van Anrooij |editor1-first=Francien |title=Between People and Statistics |date=1979 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-94-009-8846-0 |page=72 |url=https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-94-009-8846-0 |chapter=The Economic Structure of an Outpost in the Outer Islands in the Indonesian Archipelago: Portuguese Timor 1850–1975 |chapter-url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-94-009-8846-0_6 |doi=10.1007/978-94-009-8846-0_6}}</ref>

The bay's location at the centre of Timor's north coast, and its natural features, were favourable for the establishment of a colonial capital. Its waters were calm, and the combination of Capes Fatucama and Tibar, and the offshore island of [[Atauro]], provided shelter for ships at anchor. Although the terrain on the bay's shores was swampy and unhealthy, there was also arable land, which could be used for the cultivation of cereals, and a supply of drinking water.<ref name="hpip">{{cite web |last1=Alves |first1=Edmundo |last2=Bagulho |first2=Fernando |title=Díli, Timor |url=https://hpip.org/en/contents/place/571 |website=HPIP Heritage of Portuguese Influence |publisher=[[Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation]] |access-date=28 March 2022}}</ref>

During the nineteenth century, Dili evolved only slowly. At the turn of the twentieth century, there was significant development of the city, under the governorship of [[José Celestino da Silva]] (1894–1908). However, most of the buildings constructed at that time were destroyed during World War II. In the 1950s, Dili was reconstructed, according to a plan that included the siting of residential nuclei along the two-lane, one-way {{ill|Avenida Marginal, Dili|de|Avenida Marginal (Dili)|lt=Avenida Marginal}} on the shore of the bay. With its lining of substantial, mature trees, and broad pathway for pedestrians, the Avenida became the capital's favourite public promenade.<ref name="hpip"/>

On 7 December 1975, [[Indonesian invasion of East Timor|Indonesian troops landed in Dili]]. After capturing the city, the Indonesians led Chinese residents, members of Fretilin and other prisoners to the Dili wharf, shot them, and threw their bodies into the bay.<ref name="chega! part 3">{{cite book |title=Chega! The Report of the Commission for Reception, Truth, and Reconciliation Timor-Leste |date=2005 |publisher=[[Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation in East Timor]] |location=Dili |chapter-url=https://www.etan.org/etanpdf/2006/CAVR/03-History-of-the-Conflict.pdf |access-date=12 January 2022 |chapter=Part 3: The History of the Conflict}}</ref><ref name="chega! part 7.2">{{cite book |title=Chega! The Report of the Commission for Reception, Truth, and Reconciliation Timor-Leste |date=2005 |publisher=Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation in East Timor |location=Dili |chapter-url=https://www.etan.org/etanpdf/2006/CAVR/07.2_Unlawful_Killings_and_Enforced_Disappearances.pdf |access-date=2 March 2022 |chapter=Part 7.2: Unlawful Killings and Enforced Disappearances}}</ref> The total number of people executed on the Dili waterfront is estimated at 150.<ref name="carey 2007">{{cite book |last1=Carey |first1=Peter B. |editor1-last=Tan |editor1-first=Andrew T.H. |title=A Handbook of Terrorism and Insurgency in Southeast Asia |date=2007 |publisher=Edward Elgar Publishing |location=Cheltenham, UK |isbn=9781845425432 |pages=374-401 |url={{GBurl|ZzMmpCinBYoC}} |chapter=East Timor under Indonesian Occupation, 1975-99 |chapter-url=https://www.academia.edu/19978355/East_Timor_under_Indonesian_Occupation_1975-99 }}</ref> Some of the bodies of those who had been shot on the Dili wharf were later washed ashore at [[Areia Branca Beach]] on the eastern side of the bay; other people were taken to that beach, executed, and dumped into the water.<ref name="kingsbury 2009">{{cite book |last1=Kingsbury |first1=Damien |author1-link=Damien Kingsbury |title=East Timor: The Price of Liberty |date=2009 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |location=Basingstoke, Hants, UK |isbn=9780230606418 |pages=1-2 |url={{GBurl|ubPFAAAAQBAJ|page=1}}}}</ref><ref name="careybentley 1995">{{cite book |last1=Gomes |first1=Donaciano |editor1-last=Carey |editor1-first=Peter |editor2-last=Bentley |editor2-first=G. Carter |editor1-link=Peter Carey (historian) |title=East Timor at the Crossroads: The Forging of a Nation |date=1995 |publisher=[[University of Hawai'i Press]] |location=Honolulu, Hawaii |isbn=0824817885 |page=106 |chapter-url={{GBurl|7QzqSd_9MX4C|page=106}} |chapter=Chapter 6: The East Timor Intifada: Testimony of a Student Activist}}</ref>


==See also==
==See also==

Revision as of 14:03, 28 March 2022

Bay of Dili
View north east towards Cape Fatucama, which resembles a crocodile's nose
View north east towards Cape Fatucama, which resembles a crocodile's nose
Location in Dili##Location in East Timor
Location in Dili##Location in East Timor
Bay of Dili
Location in Dili
Location in Dili##Location in East Timor
Location in Dili##Location in East Timor
Bay of Dili
Location in East Timor
LocationDili, Dili municipality, East Timor
Coordinates8°32′57″S 125°34′31″E / 8.5492°S 125.5753°E / -8.5492; 125.5753
TypeBay
Part ofOmbai Strait
River sources
References[1]

The Bay of Dili (Portuguese: Baía de Díli, Tetum: Baía Dili) is a bay on the north coast of East Timor adjacent to Dili, its capital city. The bay forms part of the south shore of Ombai Strait (Indonesian: Selat Ombai, Portuguese: Estreito de Ombai, Tetum: Estreitu Ombai), which separates the Alor Archipelago from the islands of Wetar, Atauro, and Timor in the Lesser Sunda Islands.

Geography

The bay is located immediately to the north of the similarly named Dili municipality. It extends from the mouth of the Comoro River in the west to Cristo Rei Beach, Cape Fatucama, and the Cristo Rei of Dili statue in the north east.[1]

At the southern extremity of the bay, and also at the north western edge of the Dili city centre, is the Port of Dili.[1]

History

Early records about Timor, especially before the 1700s, are sparse.[2]: 199  Portuguese settlers are said to have arrived in the Bay of Dili in 1520, and to have established a small settlement there.[3]

A quarter of a millenium later, in 1769, the governor of Portuguese Timor sought to break the influence of powerful local families in Lifau, Oecusse, his then residence, by moving the colonial administration and 1,200 people to the site of what would become Dili.[4]

The bay's location at the centre of Timor's north coast, and its natural features, were favourable for the establishment of a colonial capital. Its waters were calm, and the combination of Capes Fatucama and Tibar, and the offshore island of Atauro, provided shelter for ships at anchor. Although the terrain on the bay's shores was swampy and unhealthy, there was also arable land, which could be used for the cultivation of cereals, and a supply of drinking water.[5]

During the nineteenth century, Dili evolved only slowly. At the turn of the twentieth century, there was significant development of the city, under the governorship of José Celestino da Silva (1894–1908). However, most of the buildings constructed at that time were destroyed during World War II. In the 1950s, Dili was reconstructed, according to a plan that included the siting of residential nuclei along the two-lane, one-way Avenida Marginal [de] on the shore of the bay. With its lining of substantial, mature trees, and broad pathway for pedestrians, the Avenida became the capital's favourite public promenade.[5]

On 7 December 1975, Indonesian troops landed in Dili. After capturing the city, the Indonesians led Chinese residents, members of Fretilin and other prisoners to the Dili wharf, shot them, and threw their bodies into the bay.[6][7] The total number of people executed on the Dili waterfront is estimated at 150.[8] Some of the bodies of those who had been shot on the Dili wharf were later washed ashore at Areia Branca Beach on the eastern side of the bay; other people were taken to that beach, executed, and dumped into the water.[9][10]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c Município Dili: Esboços Mapa Suco no Aldeia Timor-Leste (PDF) (in Tetum). Dili: Ministério das Finanças / Direcção Geral de Estatística / Direcção Nacional Cartografia Estatísticas. 2019. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 November 2020. Retrieved 5 March 2022.
  2. ^ Thomaz, Luís Filipe F. R. (2017). "La chronologie historique de Timor Oriental". Archipel (in French) (93): 199–217. doi:10.4000/archipel.416. hdl:10400.14/35931.
  3. ^ Hearman, Vannessa (2022). "Chapter 1. Displacement, Urban Transformations and Resistance in Indonesian-Occupied Dili, East Timor". In Baillargeon, David; Taylor, Jeremy E. (eds.). Spatial Histories of Occupation Colonialism, Conquest and Foreign Control in Asia. London: Bloomsbury Academic. pp. 25–50. doi:10.5040/9781350257023.ch-001. ISBN 9781350252608. Retrieved 28 March 2022.
  4. ^ Telkamp, Gerard J. (1979). "The Economic Structure of an Outpost in the Outer Islands in the Indonesian Archipelago: Portuguese Timor 1850–1975". In Van Anrooij, Francien (ed.). Between People and Statistics. Springer. p. 72. doi:10.1007/978-94-009-8846-0_6. ISBN 978-94-009-8846-0.
  5. ^ a b Alves, Edmundo; Bagulho, Fernando. "Díli, Timor". HPIP Heritage of Portuguese Influence. Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation. Retrieved 28 March 2022.
  6. ^ "Part 3: The History of the Conflict" (PDF). Chega! The Report of the Commission for Reception, Truth, and Reconciliation Timor-Leste. Dili: Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation in East Timor. 2005. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
  7. ^ "Part 7.2: Unlawful Killings and Enforced Disappearances" (PDF). Chega! The Report of the Commission for Reception, Truth, and Reconciliation Timor-Leste. Dili: Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation in East Timor. 2005. Retrieved 2 March 2022.
  8. ^ Carey, Peter B. (2007). "East Timor under Indonesian Occupation, 1975-99". In Tan, Andrew T.H. (ed.). A Handbook of Terrorism and Insurgency in Southeast Asia. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing. pp. 374–401. ISBN 9781845425432.
  9. ^ Kingsbury, Damien (2009). East Timor: The Price of Liberty. Basingstoke, Hants, UK: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 1–2. ISBN 9780230606418.
  10. ^ Gomes, Donaciano (1995). "Chapter 6: The East Timor Intifada: Testimony of a Student Activist". In Carey, Peter; Bentley, G. Carter (eds.). East Timor at the Crossroads: The Forging of a Nation. Honolulu, Hawaii: University of Hawai'i Press. p. 106. ISBN 0824817885.

External links

Media related to Bay of Dili at Wikimedia Commons

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