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== Bibliography ==
== Bibliography ==
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* {{cite journal |last1=Yildirim |first1=H. |last2=Yetisen |first2=K. |last3=Özdemir |first3=A. |last4=Özdemir |first4=C. |title=An Anatomical Study of Scilla (Scilloideae) Section Chionodoxa and Scilla bifolia in Turkey1 |journal=Planta Daninha |date=2 March 2017 |volume=35 |issue=0 |doi=10.1590/s0100-83582017350100004|ref={{harvid|Yildirim|2017}}}}
* {{cite web |last=WCSP|authorlink=WCSP|title=''Scilla L., Sp. Pl.: 308 (1753)''| publisher=[[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew]] |url=https://wcsp.science.kew.org/synonomy.do?name_id=287312|year=2022|accessdate=9 May 2022}}
* {{cite web |last=WCSP|authorlink=WCSP|title=''Scilla L., Sp. Pl.: 308 (1753)''| publisher=[[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew]] |url=https://wcsp.science.kew.org/synonomy.do?name_id=287312|year=2022|accessdate=9 May 2022}}
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Revision as of 15:15, 9 May 2022

For other uses, see Scilla (disambiguation).

Scilla
Siberian squill (Scilla siberica)
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Asparagaceae
Subfamily: Scilloideae
Genus: Scilla
L.
Synonyms[1]
Synonyms list
    • Stellaris Fabr.
    • Stellaster Heist. ex Fabr
    • Lilio-Hyacinthus Ortega
    • Epimenidion Raf.
    • Ioncomelos Raf.
    • Lagocodes Raf.
    • Oncostema Raf.
    • Tractema Raf.
    • Genlisa Raf.
    • Chionodoxa Boiss.
    • Nectaroscilla Parl.
    • Adenoscilla Gren. & Godr.
    • Basaltogeton Salisb.
    • Hylomenes Salisb.
    • Monocallis Salisb.
    • Othocallis Salisb.
    • Petranthe Salisb.
    • Rinopodium Salisb.
    • Caloscilla Jord. & Fourr.
    • ×Chionoscilla J.Allen ex Nicholson
    • Apsanthea Jord. in C.T.A.Jordan & J.P.Fourreau
    • Autonoe (Webb & Berthel.) Speta
    • Chouardia Speta
    • Pfosseria Speta
    • Schnarfia Speta

Scilla (/ˈsɪlə/) is a genus of about 50 to 80[2] species of bulb-forming perennial herbaceous plants in the family Asparagaceae, subfamily Scilloideae.[3] Sometimes called the squills in English,[4] they are native to woodlands, subalpine meadows, and seashores throughout Europe, Africa and the Middle East. A few species are also naturalized in Australia, New Zealand and North America.[5][6] Their flowers are usually blue, but white, pink, and purple types are known; most flower in early spring, but a few are autumn-flowering. Several Scilla species are valued as ornamental garden plants.

Taxonomy

Scilla has most recently been classified as belonging to the family Asparagaceae, subfamily Scilloideae; that subfamily was formerly treated as a separate family, Hyacinthaceae.[7] Prior to that it was placed in the tribe Hyacintheae of the family Liliaceae.

The precise number of Scilla species in the genus depends on which proposals to split the genus are accepted. Other proposals separate particularly the Eurasian species into a number of smaller genera such as Othocallis Salisb., e.g. Scilla siberica would become Othocallis siberica.[citation needed]

The common bluebell of British and European bluebell woods, still occasionally referred to by a former name, Scilla non-scripta, is now known as Hyacinthoides non-scripta. Several African species previously classified in Scilla have been removed to the genus Ledebouria. The best known of these is the common houseplant still sometimes known as Scilla violacea but now properly Ledebouria socialis.[citation needed]

Species

As of March 2020, Plants of the World Online accepted the following species:[8]

A hybrid has been named:

Renamed in genus Scilla

Formerly included

Etymology

Both the scientific genus name scilla and the common word squill derive, via French and Latin, from the Greek word σκίλλα skilla meaning squill, Urginea maritima.[9][10][11]

Distribution and habitat

Native to woodlands, subalpine meadows, and seashores throughout Europe, Africa and the Middle East. A few species are also naturalized in Australia, New Zealand and North America.[12][13][1]

Cultivation and uses

Many Scilla species, notably S. siberica and members of section Chionodoxa, are grown in gardens for their attractive early spring flowers.

References

  1. ^ a b WCSP 2022.
  2. ^ WCSP (2018), World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, retrieved 2018-05-09, search for "Scilla"
  3. ^ Stevens, P.F., Angiosperm Phylogeny Website: Asparagales: Scilloideae
  4. ^ Sunset Western Garden Book (1995), Leisure Arts, pp. 606–607, ISBN 0376038519
  5. ^ Flora of North America, Scilla Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 308. 1753, efloras.org
  6. ^ Altervista Flora Italiana, genere Scilla includes European distribution maps
  7. ^ Chase, M.W.; Reveal, J.L. & Fay, M.F. (2009), "A subfamilial classification for the expanded asparagalean families Amaryllidaceae, Asparagaceae and Xanthorrhoeaceae", Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 161 (2): 132–136, doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00999.x
  8. ^ "Scilla L." Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2020-03-19.
  9. ^ "squill". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
  10. ^ scilla. Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short. A Latin Dictionary on Perseus Project.
  11. ^ σκίλλα. Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert; A Greek–English Lexicon at the Perseus Project.
  12. ^ Flora of North America, Scilla Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 308. 1753, efloras.org
  13. ^ Altervista Flora Italiana, genere Scilla includes European distribution maps

Bibliography

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