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Brulle's research includes the strategy and funding patterns of what he calls “the climate change countermovement,” the movement critical of action to address global warming.<ref name=inside /> Brulle was interviewed by ''[[Frontline (U.S. TV series)|Frontline]]'', a [[Public affairs (broadcasting)|public]] television program that produces and broadcasts in-depth [[documentary film|documentaries]], for their 2012 documentary on [[climate change denial]] titled ''[[List of Frontline (PBS) episodes|Climate of Doubt]]''.<ref>{{cite news |first1=Catherine |last1=Upin |first2=John |last2=Hockenberry |authorlink2=John Hockenberry |title=Climate of Doubt |publisher=[[PBS]] |work=[[Frontline (U.S. TV series)|Frontline]] |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/environment/climate-of-doubt/transcript-31/ |accessdate=March 4, 2015 |date=October 23, 2012}}</ref> He described the climate change countermovement as "comprehensive" and as "an add-on to the already-existing conservative movement in the United States."<ref name=inside/> Brulle estimated the total annual income of the [[nonprofit]] environmental movement as $2.7 billion, and noted that progress toward a cleaner US environment often comes at the expense of other nations, in a 2009 interview by the [[Imaginova|Imaginova Corporation]] published by [[Fox News]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.foxnews.com/story/2009/04/22/success-stories-cleaning-up-planet-earth/ | title=Success Stories: Cleaning Up Planet Earth | work=Fox News | date=22 April 2009 | accessdate=31 January 2015}}</ref>
Brulle's research includes the strategy and funding patterns of what he calls “the climate change countermovement,” the movement critical of action to address global warming.<ref name=inside /> Brulle was interviewed by ''[[Frontline (U.S. TV series)|Frontline]]'', a [[Public affairs (broadcasting)|public]] television program that produces and broadcasts in-depth [[documentary film|documentaries]], for their 2012 documentary on [[climate change denial]] titled ''[[List of Frontline (PBS) episodes|Climate of Doubt]]''.<ref>{{cite news |first1=Catherine |last1=Upin |first2=John |last2=Hockenberry |authorlink2=John Hockenberry |title=Climate of Doubt |publisher=[[PBS]] |work=[[Frontline (U.S. TV series)|Frontline]] |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/environment/climate-of-doubt/transcript-31/ |accessdate=March 4, 2015 |date=October 23, 2012}}</ref> He described the climate change countermovement as "comprehensive" and as "an add-on to the already-existing conservative movement in the United States."<ref name=inside/> Brulle estimated the total annual income of the [[nonprofit]] environmental movement as $2.7 billion, and noted that progress toward a cleaner US environment often comes at the expense of other nations, in a 2009 interview by the [[Imaginova|Imaginova Corporation]] published by [[Fox News]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.foxnews.com/story/2009/04/22/success-stories-cleaning-up-planet-earth/ | title=Success Stories: Cleaning Up Planet Earth | work=Fox News | date=22 April 2009 | accessdate=31 January 2015}}</ref>


Brulle analysed the funding of organizations associated with the [[climate change denial]] movement during a year-long fellowship at the [[Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences]] at [[Stanford University]].<ref name=iscience/><ref name=casbs>{{cite web |url=http://www.casbs.org/robert-brulle-climate-change-denial-follow-money-%E2%80%93-dark-money |title=Robert Brulle: climate change denial? Follow the money – the dark money, that is |date=January 9, 2014 |accessdate=March 3, 2015 |publisher=[[Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences]] |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402094707/http://www.casbs.org/robert-brulle-climate-change-denial-follow-money-%E2%80%93-dark-money |archivedate=April 2, 2015 }}</ref> Brulle published results in December 2013 in ''[[Climatic Change (journal)|Climatic Change]]'',<ref name=delay>{{cite journal|last1=Brulle|first1=Robert J.|title=Institutionalizing delay: foundation funding and the creation of U.S. climate change counter-movement organizations|journal=[[Climatic Change (journal)|Climatic Change]]|date=December 21, 2013|volume=122|issue=4|pages=681–694|doi=10.1007/s10584-013-1018-7}}</ref> a monthly [[Peer review|peer-reviewed]] [[scientific journal]]. According to Brulle, it was "the first peer-reviewed, comprehensive analysis ever conducted of the funding behind climate change denial."<ref name=casbs/> Brulle's study estimated that the 91 organizations he examined had a total annual income of just above $900 million, and that the vast majority of funds donated to such organizations came from conservative foundations.<ref name=delay/> Over the eight years covered by the study (2003-2010), the [[American Enterprise Institute]] received the most funding—16% of the total funds, and the [[donor-advised fund]]s [[Donors Trust]] and [[Donors Capital Fund]] were the largest funders.<ref name=guardian>{{cite news | url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2013/dec/20/conservative-groups-1bn-against-climate-change | title=Conservative groups spend up to $1bn a year to fight action on climate change | newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=December 20, 2013 | accessdate=January 29, 2015 |last=Goldenberg |first=Suzanne |authorlink=Suzanne Goldenberg}}</ref> The study also found that the amount of money donated to these organizations by means of [[Donors Trust]] and other foundations whose funding sources cannot be traced has risen dramatically over the previous five years.<ref name=sciam>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/dark-money-funds-climate-change-denial-effort/ |title="Dark Money" Funds Climate Change Denial Effort |magazine=[[Scientific American]] |date=December 23, 2013 |accessdate=29 January 2015 |last=Fischer |first=Douglas}}</ref>
Brulle analysed the funding of organizations associated with the [[climate change denial]] movement during a year-long fellowship at the [[Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences]] at [[Stanford University]].<ref name=iscience/><ref name=casbs>{{cite web |url=http://www.casbs.org/robert-brulle-climate-change-denial-follow-money-%E2%80%93-dark-money |title=Robert Brulle: climate change denial? Follow the money – the dark money, that is |date=January 9, 2014 |accessdate=March 3, 2015 |publisher=[[Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences]] |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402094707/http://www.casbs.org/robert-brulle-climate-change-denial-follow-money-%E2%80%93-dark-money |archivedate=April 2, 2015 }}</ref> Brulle published results in December 2013 in ''[[Climatic Change (journal)|Climatic Change]]'',<ref name=delay>{{cite journal|last1=Brulle|first1=Robert J.|title=Institutionalizing delay: foundation funding and the creation of U.S. climate change counter-movement organizations|journal=[[Climatic Change (journal)|Climatic Change]]|date=December 21, 2013|volume=122|issue=4|pages=681–694|doi=10.1007/s10584-013-1018-7|s2cid=27538787 }}</ref> a monthly [[Peer review|peer-reviewed]] [[scientific journal]]. According to Brulle, it was "the first peer-reviewed, comprehensive analysis ever conducted of the funding behind climate change denial."<ref name=casbs/> Brulle's study estimated that the 91 organizations he examined had a total annual income of just above $900 million, and that the vast majority of funds donated to such organizations came from conservative foundations.<ref name=delay/> Over the eight years covered by the study (2003-2010), the [[American Enterprise Institute]] received the most funding—16% of the total funds, and the [[donor-advised fund]]s [[Donors Trust]] and [[Donors Capital Fund]] were the largest funders.<ref name=guardian>{{cite news | url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2013/dec/20/conservative-groups-1bn-against-climate-change | title=Conservative groups spend up to $1bn a year to fight action on climate change | newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=December 20, 2013 | accessdate=January 29, 2015 |last=Goldenberg |first=Suzanne |authorlink=Suzanne Goldenberg}}</ref> The study also found that the amount of money donated to these organizations by means of [[Donors Trust]] and other foundations whose funding sources cannot be traced has risen dramatically over the previous five years.<ref name=sciam>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/dark-money-funds-climate-change-denial-effort/ |title="Dark Money" Funds Climate Change Denial Effort |magazine=[[Scientific American]] |date=December 23, 2013 |accessdate=29 January 2015 |last=Fischer |first=Douglas}}</ref>


The report was covered by the ''[[Washington Post]]'', ''[[Forbes]]'', ''[[Scientific American]]'', ''[[The Guardian]]'', ''[[Science Daily]]'', and the ''International Science Times''.<ref name=iscience>{{cite web |title=Climate Change Denial Groups Get Nearly $1 Billion A Year With Untraceable 'Dark Money' Used to Distort Public View Of Global Warming |url=http://www.isciencetimes.com/articles/6577/20131225/climate-change-climate-change-deniers-dark-money-global-warming.htm |first=Rhonda J. |last=Miller |date=December 25, 2013 |accessdate=March 3, 2015 |publisher=[[IBT Media]] |work=International Science Times}}</ref><ref name=guardian/><ref name=sciam/><ref name=forbes>{{cite news |title='Dark Money' Funds To Promote Global Warming Alarmism Dwarf Warming 'Denier' Research |first=James |last=Taylor |work=[[Forbes]] |accessdate=March 16, 2015 |date=January 2, 2015 |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/jamestaylor/2014/01/02/dark-money-funds-to-promote-global-warming-alarmism-dwarf-warming-denier-research/}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=The dark money in climate change |first=George |last=Zornick |date=December 27, 2013 |accessdate=March 15, 2015 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/plum-line/wp/2013/12/27/a-dark-money-challenge-on-climate-change/ |work=[[Washington Post]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Not just Koch brothers: New study reveals funders behind climate change denial effort |url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/12/131220154511.htm |date=December 20, 2013 |accessdate=March 3, 2015 |website=[[Science Daily]]}}</ref> The research was featured in the public information website on [[climate change]] from the [[Governor of California]]'s Office of Planning and Research.<ref>{{cite web |title=Climate Change: Just the Facts |work=The Deniers |url=http://www.opr.ca.gov/s_denier.php |publisher=[[Governor of California]] Office of Planning and Research}}</ref> A senior fellow from the [[Heartland Institute]], one of the organizations included in the study, writing in an opinion piece in ''Forbes'', criticized Brulle's work and its media coverage on a number of points, including that the organizations included in the study had diverse agendas, and not all of their revenue was devoted to [[climate change education]].<ref name=forbes/> Bruelle acknowledged in the PBS interview, “You can’t say how many dollars went from this foundation to this organization specifically for climate change. . . .”<ref name=inside>{{cite web | url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/environment/climate-of-doubt/robert-brulle-inside-the-climate-change-countermovement/ | title=Robert Brulle: Inside the Climate Change "Countermovement" | publisher=[[PBS]] | date=23 October 2012 | accessdate=1 October 2019}}</ref>
The report was covered by the ''[[Washington Post]]'', ''[[Forbes]]'', ''[[Scientific American]]'', ''[[The Guardian]]'', ''[[Science Daily]]'', and the ''International Science Times''.<ref name=iscience>{{cite web |title=Climate Change Denial Groups Get Nearly $1 Billion A Year With Untraceable 'Dark Money' Used to Distort Public View Of Global Warming |url=http://www.isciencetimes.com/articles/6577/20131225/climate-change-climate-change-deniers-dark-money-global-warming.htm |first=Rhonda J. |last=Miller |date=December 25, 2013 |accessdate=March 3, 2015 |publisher=[[IBT Media]] |work=International Science Times}}</ref><ref name=guardian/><ref name=sciam/><ref name=forbes>{{cite news |title='Dark Money' Funds To Promote Global Warming Alarmism Dwarf Warming 'Denier' Research |first=James |last=Taylor |work=[[Forbes]] |accessdate=March 16, 2015 |date=January 2, 2015 |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/jamestaylor/2014/01/02/dark-money-funds-to-promote-global-warming-alarmism-dwarf-warming-denier-research/}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=The dark money in climate change |first=George |last=Zornick |date=December 27, 2013 |accessdate=March 15, 2015 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/plum-line/wp/2013/12/27/a-dark-money-challenge-on-climate-change/ |newspaper=[[Washington Post]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Not just Koch brothers: New study reveals funders behind climate change denial effort |url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/12/131220154511.htm |date=December 20, 2013 |accessdate=March 3, 2015 |website=[[Science Daily]]}}</ref> The research was featured in the public information website on [[climate change]] from the [[Governor of California]]'s Office of Planning and Research.<ref>{{cite web |title=Climate Change: Just the Facts |work=The Deniers |url=http://www.opr.ca.gov/s_denier.php |publisher=[[Governor of California]] Office of Planning and Research}}</ref> A senior fellow from the [[Heartland Institute]], one of the organizations included in the study, writing in an opinion piece in ''Forbes'', criticized Brulle's work and its media coverage on a number of points, including that the organizations included in the study had diverse agendas, and not all of their revenue was devoted to [[climate change education]].<ref name=forbes/> Bruelle acknowledged in the PBS interview, “You can’t say how many dollars went from this foundation to this organization specifically for climate change. . . .”<ref name=inside>{{cite web | url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/environment/climate-of-doubt/robert-brulle-inside-the-climate-change-countermovement/ | title=Robert Brulle: Inside the Climate Change "Countermovement" | publisher=[[PBS]] | date=23 October 2012 | accessdate=1 October 2019}}</ref>


Brulle collaborated on research into factors affecting US public opinion on climate change, and found that politicians are more influential than scientists. The research was featured by ''[[National Geographic (magazine)|National Geographic]]'' and ''[[USA Today]]''.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Brulle |first1=Robert J. |last2=Carmichael |first2=Jason |last3=Jenkins |first3=J. Craig |title=Shifting public opinion on climate change: an empirical assessment of factors influencing concern over climate change in the US, 2002–2010 |journal=[[Climatic Change (journal)|Climatic Change]] |volume=114 |issue=2 |pages=169–188 |date=February 3, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2015/01/150129-public-opinion-aaas-health-education-science/ | title=Poll Reveals Rift Between Scientists, Regular Folks |journal=[[National Geographic (magazine)|National Geographic]] | date=29 January 2015 | accessdate=31 January 2015 | author=Vergano, Dan}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/tech/science/columnist/vergano/story/2012-02-19/politics-climate-change-science/53137248/1 | title=Gingrich's Limbaugh troubles spell out climate divide |newspaper=[[USA Today]] |date=17 February 2012 | accessdate=31 January 2015 | author=Vergano, Dan}}</ref>
Brulle collaborated on research into factors affecting US public opinion on climate change, and found that politicians are more influential than scientists. The research was featured by ''[[National Geographic (magazine)|National Geographic]]'' and ''[[USA Today]]''.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Brulle |first1=Robert J. |last2=Carmichael |first2=Jason |last3=Jenkins |first3=J. Craig |title=Shifting public opinion on climate change: an empirical assessment of factors influencing concern over climate change in the US, 2002–2010 |journal=[[Climatic Change (journal)|Climatic Change]] |volume=114 |issue=2 |pages=169–188 |date=February 3, 2012|doi=10.1007/s10584-012-0403-y |bibcode=2012ClCh..114..169B |s2cid=8220644 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2015/01/150129-public-opinion-aaas-health-education-science/ | title=Poll Reveals Rift Between Scientists, Regular Folks |journal=[[National Geographic (magazine)|National Geographic]] | date=29 January 2015 | accessdate=31 January 2015 | author=Vergano, Dan}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/tech/science/columnist/vergano/story/2012-02-19/politics-climate-change-science/53137248/1 | title=Gingrich's Limbaugh troubles spell out climate divide |newspaper=[[USA Today]] |date=17 February 2012 | accessdate=31 January 2015 | author=Vergano, Dan}}</ref>


==Political activity==
==Political activity==

Revision as of 01:08, 24 September 2022

Robert Joseph Brulle
Alma materUnited States Coast Guard Academy, New School for Social Research, University of Michigan, George Washington University
Scientific career
FieldsEnvironmental sociology
InstitutionsDrexel University
ThesisAgency, democracy, and the environment : an examination of U.S. environmental movement organizations from the perspective of critical theory (1995)

Robert J. Brulle is an American environmental sociologist and professor of sociology and environmental science at Drexel University. He is also an associate professor of public health at the Drexel University School of Public Health. He advocates aggressive political action to address global warming.[1]

Education and academic career

Brulle received his B.S. from United States Coast Guard Academy in 1974, his M.A. in sociology from the New School for Social Research in 1981, his M.S. from the University of Michigan in natural resources in 1982, and his PhD from George Washington University in sociology in 1995.[2][3] Brulle joined the faculty of Drexel University as an assistant professor in 1997. He became an associate professor there in 2003 and a full professor in 2008.[3] Brulle is a faculty member of the Department of Culture and Communication of the College of Arts and Sciences at Drexel.[4]

Research

Brulle's research includes the strategy and funding patterns of what he calls “the climate change countermovement,” the movement critical of action to address global warming.[5] Brulle was interviewed by Frontline, a public television program that produces and broadcasts in-depth documentaries, for their 2012 documentary on climate change denial titled Climate of Doubt.[6] He described the climate change countermovement as "comprehensive" and as "an add-on to the already-existing conservative movement in the United States."[5] Brulle estimated the total annual income of the nonprofit environmental movement as $2.7 billion, and noted that progress toward a cleaner US environment often comes at the expense of other nations, in a 2009 interview by the Imaginova Corporation published by Fox News.[7]

Brulle analysed the funding of organizations associated with the climate change denial movement during a year-long fellowship at the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences at Stanford University.[8][9] Brulle published results in December 2013 in Climatic Change,[10] a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal. According to Brulle, it was "the first peer-reviewed, comprehensive analysis ever conducted of the funding behind climate change denial."[9] Brulle's study estimated that the 91 organizations he examined had a total annual income of just above $900 million, and that the vast majority of funds donated to such organizations came from conservative foundations.[10] Over the eight years covered by the study (2003-2010), the American Enterprise Institute received the most funding—16% of the total funds, and the donor-advised funds Donors Trust and Donors Capital Fund were the largest funders.[11] The study also found that the amount of money donated to these organizations by means of Donors Trust and other foundations whose funding sources cannot be traced has risen dramatically over the previous five years.[12]

The report was covered by the Washington Post, Forbes, Scientific American, The Guardian, Science Daily, and the International Science Times.[8][11][12][13][14][15] The research was featured in the public information website on climate change from the Governor of California's Office of Planning and Research.[16] A senior fellow from the Heartland Institute, one of the organizations included in the study, writing in an opinion piece in Forbes, criticized Brulle's work and its media coverage on a number of points, including that the organizations included in the study had diverse agendas, and not all of their revenue was devoted to climate change education.[13] Bruelle acknowledged in the PBS interview, “You can’t say how many dollars went from this foundation to this organization specifically for climate change. . . .”[5]

Brulle collaborated on research into factors affecting US public opinion on climate change, and found that politicians are more influential than scientists. The research was featured by National Geographic and USA Today.[17][18][19]

Political activity

Brulle endorsed Bernie Sanders in the 2016 U.S. presidential election.[20]

Books

  • Agency, Democracy, and Nature: The U.S. Environmental Movement from a Critical Theory Perspective (MIT Press, 2000)
  • Power, Justice, and the Environment: A Critical Appraisal of the Environmental Justice Movement (MIT Press, 2005; edited by Brulle and David Naguib Pellow)

References

  1. ^ Brulle, Robert (January 6, 2016). "America has been duped on climate change". Washington Post. Retrieved 31 May 2016.
  2. ^ Robert J. Brulle
  3. ^ a b Curriculum Vitae
  4. ^ "Robert Brulle, PhD". Drexel University. Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved March 3, 2015.
  5. ^ a b c "Robert Brulle: Inside the Climate Change "Countermovement"". PBS. 23 October 2012. Retrieved 1 October 2019.
  6. ^ Upin, Catherine; Hockenberry, John (October 23, 2012). "Climate of Doubt". Frontline. PBS. Retrieved March 4, 2015.
  7. ^ "Success Stories: Cleaning Up Planet Earth". Fox News. 22 April 2009. Retrieved 31 January 2015.
  8. ^ a b Miller, Rhonda J. (December 25, 2013). "Climate Change Denial Groups Get Nearly $1 Billion A Year With Untraceable 'Dark Money' Used to Distort Public View Of Global Warming". International Science Times. IBT Media. Retrieved March 3, 2015.
  9. ^ a b "Robert Brulle: climate change denial? Follow the money – the dark money, that is". Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences. January 9, 2014. Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved March 3, 2015.
  10. ^ a b Brulle, Robert J. (December 21, 2013). "Institutionalizing delay: foundation funding and the creation of U.S. climate change counter-movement organizations". Climatic Change. 122 (4): 681–694. doi:10.1007/s10584-013-1018-7. S2CID 27538787.
  11. ^ a b Goldenberg, Suzanne (December 20, 2013). "Conservative groups spend up to $1bn a year to fight action on climate change". The Guardian. Retrieved January 29, 2015.
  12. ^ a b Fischer, Douglas (December 23, 2013). ""Dark Money" Funds Climate Change Denial Effort". Scientific American. Retrieved 29 January 2015.
  13. ^ a b Taylor, James (January 2, 2015). "'Dark Money' Funds To Promote Global Warming Alarmism Dwarf Warming 'Denier' Research". Forbes. Retrieved March 16, 2015.
  14. ^ Zornick, George (December 27, 2013). "The dark money in climate change". Washington Post. Retrieved March 15, 2015.
  15. ^ "Not just Koch brothers: New study reveals funders behind climate change denial effort". Science Daily. December 20, 2013. Retrieved March 3, 2015.
  16. ^ "Climate Change: Just the Facts". The Deniers. Governor of California Office of Planning and Research.
  17. ^ Brulle, Robert J.; Carmichael, Jason; Jenkins, J. Craig (February 3, 2012). "Shifting public opinion on climate change: an empirical assessment of factors influencing concern over climate change in the US, 2002–2010". Climatic Change. 114 (2): 169–188. Bibcode:2012ClCh..114..169B. doi:10.1007/s10584-012-0403-y. S2CID 8220644.
  18. ^ Vergano, Dan (29 January 2015). "Poll Reveals Rift Between Scientists, Regular Folks". National Geographic. Retrieved 31 January 2015.
  19. ^ Vergano, Dan (17 February 2012). "Gingrich's Limbaugh troubles spell out climate divide". USA Today. Retrieved 31 January 2015.
  20. ^ "Endorsements". Environmentalists for Bernie. Retrieved 31 May 2016.
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