Ribosome-associated vesicle: Difference between revisions
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{{Copy edit|for=singularizing the topic|date=April 2023}} |
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'''Ribosome-associated Vesicles''', as known as RAVs, are a novel subcompartment of the rough [[endoplasmic reticulum]], a membranous cellular network that is important for the synthesis and transport of proteins. RAVs have been observed via multiple imaging techniques and appear as discrete spherical vesicles that are associated with actively translated ribosomes<ref name="Ribosome-associated vesicles: a dynamic subcompartment of the endoplasmic reticulum in secretory cells">{{Cite journal|title=Ribosome-associated vesicles: A dynamic subcompartment of the endoplasmic reticulum in secretory cells|first1=Stephen D.|last1=Carter|first2=Cheri M.|last2=Hampton|first3=Robert|last3=Langlois|first4=Roberto|last4=Melero|first5=Zachary J.|last5=Farino|first6=Michael J.|last6=Calderon|first7=Wen|last7=Li|first8=Callen T.|last8=Wallace|first9=Ngoc Han|last9=Tran|first10=Robert A.|last10=Grassucci|first11=Stephanie E.|last11=Siegmund|first12=Joshua|last12=Pemberton|first13=Travis J.|last13=Morgenstern|first14=Leanna|last14=Eisenman|first15=Jenny I.|last15=Aguilar|first16=Nili L.|last16=Greenberg|first17=Elana S.|last17=Levy|first18=Edward|last18=Yi|first19=William G.|last19=Mitchell|first20=William J.|last20=Rice|first21=Christoph|last21=Wigge|first22=Jyotsna|last22=Pilli|first23=Emily W.|last23=George|first24=Despoina|last24=Aslanoglou|first25=Maïté|last25=Courel|first26=Robin J.|last26=Freyberg|first27=Jonathan A.|last27=Javitch|first28=Zachary P.|last28=Wills|first29=Estela|last29=Area-Gomez|first30=Sruti|last30=Shiva|first31=Francesca|last31=Bartolini|first32=Allen|last32=Volchuk|first33=Sandra A.|last33=Murray|first34=Meir|last34=Aridor|first35=Kenneth N.|last35=Fish|first36=Peter|last36=Walter|first37=Tamas|last37=Balla|first38=Deborah|last38=Fass|first39=Sharon G.|last39=Wolf|first40=Simon C.|last40=Watkins|first41=José María|last41=Carazo|first42=Grant J.|last42=Jensen|first43=Joachim|last43=Frank|first44=Zachary|last44=Freyberg|date=April 3, 2020|journal=Science Advances|volume=6|issue=14|pages=eaay9572|doi=10.1126/sciadv.aay9572|pmid=32270040|pmc=7112762}}</ref>. It is hypothesized that RAVs may arise from structural and/or functional changes in local membrane curvature along the rough endoplasmic reticulum tubular membrane network. |
'''Ribosome-associated Vesicles''', as known as RAVs, are a novel subcompartment of the rough [[endoplasmic reticulum]], a membranous cellular network that is important for the synthesis and transport of proteins. RAVs have been observed via multiple imaging techniques and appear as discrete spherical vesicles that are associated with actively translated ribosomes<ref name="Ribosome-associated vesicles: a dynamic subcompartment of the endoplasmic reticulum in secretory cells">{{Cite journal|title=Ribosome-associated vesicles: A dynamic subcompartment of the endoplasmic reticulum in secretory cells|first1=Stephen D.|last1=Carter|first2=Cheri M.|last2=Hampton|first3=Robert|last3=Langlois|first4=Roberto|last4=Melero|first5=Zachary J.|last5=Farino|first6=Michael J.|last6=Calderon|first7=Wen|last7=Li|first8=Callen T.|last8=Wallace|first9=Ngoc Han|last9=Tran|first10=Robert A.|last10=Grassucci|first11=Stephanie E.|last11=Siegmund|first12=Joshua|last12=Pemberton|first13=Travis J.|last13=Morgenstern|first14=Leanna|last14=Eisenman|first15=Jenny I.|last15=Aguilar|first16=Nili L.|last16=Greenberg|first17=Elana S.|last17=Levy|first18=Edward|last18=Yi|first19=William G.|last19=Mitchell|first20=William J.|last20=Rice|first21=Christoph|last21=Wigge|first22=Jyotsna|last22=Pilli|first23=Emily W.|last23=George|first24=Despoina|last24=Aslanoglou|first25=Maïté|last25=Courel|first26=Robin J.|last26=Freyberg|first27=Jonathan A.|last27=Javitch|first28=Zachary P.|last28=Wills|first29=Estela|last29=Area-Gomez|first30=Sruti|last30=Shiva|first31=Francesca|last31=Bartolini|first32=Allen|last32=Volchuk|first33=Sandra A.|last33=Murray|first34=Meir|last34=Aridor|first35=Kenneth N.|last35=Fish|first36=Peter|last36=Walter|first37=Tamas|last37=Balla|first38=Deborah|last38=Fass|first39=Sharon G.|last39=Wolf|first40=Simon C.|last40=Watkins|first41=José María|last41=Carazo|first42=Grant J.|last42=Jensen|first43=Joachim|last43=Frank|first44=Zachary|last44=Freyberg|date=April 3, 2020|journal=Science Advances|volume=6|issue=14|pages=eaay9572|doi=10.1126/sciadv.aay9572|pmid=32270040|pmc=7112762|bibcode=2020SciA....6.9572C }}</ref>. It is hypothesized that RAVs may arise from structural and/or functional changes in local membrane curvature along the rough endoplasmic reticulum tubular membrane network. |
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==Discovery== |
==Discovery== |
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It is hypothesized that RAVs may represent a novel mechanism in which secretory cells can answer to the demanding workload of protein synthesis due to their highly dynamic nature. The hybrid morphology of the RAVs is thought to serve as a way for the secretory cells to harness the protein production ability of the rough ER combined with the mobility of the tubular smooth ER<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.cell.com/trends/neurosciences/abstract/S0166-2236(20)30142-9|title=Local Sourcing of Secretory Proteins in Faraway Places|first1=Ryan J.|last1=Farrell|first2=Timothy A.|last2=Ryan|date=September 1, 2020|journal=Trends in Neurosciences|volume=43|issue=9|pages=649–650|via=www.cell.com|doi=10.1016/j.tins.2020.06.004|pmid=32546404|s2cid=219726585 }}</ref>. |
It is hypothesized that RAVs may represent a novel mechanism in which secretory cells can answer to the demanding workload of protein synthesis due to their highly dynamic nature. The hybrid morphology of the RAVs is thought to serve as a way for the secretory cells to harness the protein production ability of the rough ER combined with the mobility of the tubular smooth ER<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.cell.com/trends/neurosciences/abstract/S0166-2236(20)30142-9|title=Local Sourcing of Secretory Proteins in Faraway Places|first1=Ryan J.|last1=Farrell|first2=Timothy A.|last2=Ryan|date=September 1, 2020|journal=Trends in Neurosciences|volume=43|issue=9|pages=649–650|via=www.cell.com|doi=10.1016/j.tins.2020.06.004|pmid=32546404|s2cid=219726585 }}</ref>. |
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Studies have suggested that local translation may play a critical role in activity-dependent [[synaptic plasticity]] and neuron remodeling<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27270670/|title=Signaling pathways controlling activity-dependent local translation of BDNF and their localization in dendritic arbors|first1=Gabriele|last1=Baj|first2=Vera|last2=Pinhero|first3=Valentina|last3=Vaghi|first4=Enrico|last4=Tongiorgi|date=July 15, 2016|journal=Journal of Cell Science|volume=129|issue=14|pages=2852–2864|via=PubMed|doi=10.1242/jcs.177626|pmid=27270670|hdl=11368/2922417 |s2cid=10266514 }}</ref>,<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Meet the players: local translation at the synapse|first1=Sandra M.|last1=Fernandez-Moya|first2=Karl E.|last2=Bauer|first3=Michael A.|last3=Kiebler|date=April 8, 2014|journal=Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience|volume=7|doi=10.3389/fnmol.2014.00084|doi-access=free }}</ref>. While thousands of mRNAs are trafficked to dendrites for site-specific translation, the machinery for this translation has yet to be fully elucidated. Carter ''et al.'' propose that RAVs may facilitate site-specific local translation in neurons by coupling cell activity and protein synthesis<ref name="Ribosome-associated vesicles: a dynamic subcompartment of the endoplasmic reticulum in secretory cells"/>, consistent with other dynamic intracellular structures that stall upon recruitment to sites of local translation<ref name="auto"/>. |
Studies have suggested that local translation may play a critical role in activity-dependent [[synaptic plasticity]] and neuron remodeling<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27270670/|title=Signaling pathways controlling activity-dependent local translation of BDNF and their localization in dendritic arbors|first1=Gabriele|last1=Baj|first2=Vera|last2=Pinhero|first3=Valentina|last3=Vaghi|first4=Enrico|last4=Tongiorgi|date=July 15, 2016|journal=Journal of Cell Science|volume=129|issue=14|pages=2852–2864|via=PubMed|doi=10.1242/jcs.177626|pmid=27270670|hdl=11368/2922417 |s2cid=10266514 }}</ref>,<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Meet the players: local translation at the synapse|first1=Sandra M.|last1=Fernandez-Moya|first2=Karl E.|last2=Bauer|first3=Michael A.|last3=Kiebler|date=April 8, 2014|journal=Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience|volume=7|page=84 |doi=10.3389/fnmol.2014.00084|pmid=25426019 |pmc=4227489 |doi-access=free }}</ref>. While thousands of mRNAs are trafficked to dendrites for site-specific translation, the machinery for this translation has yet to be fully elucidated. Carter ''et al.'' propose that RAVs may facilitate site-specific local translation in neurons by coupling cell activity and protein synthesis<ref name="Ribosome-associated vesicles: a dynamic subcompartment of the endoplasmic reticulum in secretory cells"/>, consistent with other dynamic intracellular structures that stall upon recruitment to sites of local translation<ref name="auto"/>. |
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== References == |
== References == |
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Revision as of 23:45, 23 April 2023
 | This article may require copy editing for singularizing the topic. (April 2023) |
Ribosome-associated Vesicles, as known as RAVs, are a novel subcompartment of the rough endoplasmic reticulum, a membranous cellular network that is important for the synthesis and transport of proteins. RAVs have been observed via multiple imaging techniques and appear as discrete spherical vesicles that are associated with actively translated ribosomes[1]. It is hypothesized that RAVs may arise from structural and/or functional changes in local membrane curvature along the rough endoplasmic reticulum tubular membrane network.
Discovery
RAVs were first identified in rat pancreatic β-cell-derived INS1-E cells using a combination of live-cell super-resolution stimulated emission depleted (STED) microscopy and highly inclined thin illumination (HiLO), with high-speed three-dimensional (3D) wide-field imaging . This approach was integrated with in situ cryo-electron tomography (Cryo-ET) and cryo-correlative light and electron microscopy (Cryo-CLEM) to visualize ER network dynamics, including its relationship with other intracellular organelles, including mitochondria[1].
Characteristics
Classically, ER tubules tend to be highly curved and free of ribosomes, whereas ER sheets lack curvature but have ribosomes[2]. In contrast, RAVs are formed from highly curved structures with ribosomes. RAVs are also known to be dynamic, moving throughout the cell over distances as long as 5 μm. These vesicular structures are primarily found in the cell periphery near microtubule tracks and the ER reticular network. Furthermore, RAVs and ER interact closely via direct contacts.
RAVs have been characterized in multiple cell types across different organs. This includes primary human fibroblasts, mouse embryonic fibroblasts, and human BE(2)-M17 cells, a dopamine-secreting neuron-derived cell line. Carter et al. was able to apply their findings to primary rat cortical neurons as well. Similar to pancreatic cells, neuronal RAVs are also highly dynamic and show movement along the length of dendrites. Live imaging studies show RAVs in both neurons and INS1-1E ells stalling at times[1], consistent with other dynamic intracellular structures that stall upon recruitment to sites of local translation[3].
Proposed Function
It is hypothesized that RAVs may represent a novel mechanism in which secretory cells can answer to the demanding workload of protein synthesis due to their highly dynamic nature. The hybrid morphology of the RAVs is thought to serve as a way for the secretory cells to harness the protein production ability of the rough ER combined with the mobility of the tubular smooth ER[4].
Studies have suggested that local translation may play a critical role in activity-dependent synaptic plasticity and neuron remodeling[5],[6]. While thousands of mRNAs are trafficked to dendrites for site-specific translation, the machinery for this translation has yet to be fully elucidated. Carter et al. propose that RAVs may facilitate site-specific local translation in neurons by coupling cell activity and protein synthesis[1], consistent with other dynamic intracellular structures that stall upon recruitment to sites of local translation[3].
References
- ^ a b c d Carter, Stephen D.; Hampton, Cheri M.; Langlois, Robert; Melero, Roberto; Farino, Zachary J.; Calderon, Michael J.; Li, Wen; Wallace, Callen T.; Tran, Ngoc Han; Grassucci, Robert A.; Siegmund, Stephanie E.; Pemberton, Joshua; Morgenstern, Travis J.; Eisenman, Leanna; Aguilar, Jenny I.; Greenberg, Nili L.; Levy, Elana S.; Yi, Edward; Mitchell, William G.; Rice, William J.; Wigge, Christoph; Pilli, Jyotsna; George, Emily W.; Aslanoglou, Despoina; Courel, Maïté; Freyberg, Robin J.; Javitch, Jonathan A.; Wills, Zachary P.; Area-Gomez, Estela; Shiva, Sruti; Bartolini, Francesca; Volchuk, Allen; Murray, Sandra A.; Aridor, Meir; Fish, Kenneth N.; Walter, Peter; Balla, Tamas; Fass, Deborah; Wolf, Sharon G.; Watkins, Simon C.; Carazo, José María; Jensen, Grant J.; Frank, Joachim; Freyberg, Zachary (April 3, 2020). "Ribosome-associated vesicles: A dynamic subcompartment of the endoplasmic reticulum in secretory cells". Science Advances. 6 (14): eaay9572. Bibcode:2020SciA....6.9572C. doi:10.1126/sciadv.aay9572. PMC 7112762. PMID 32270040.
- ^ Schwarz, D. S.; Blower, M. D. (2015). "The endoplasmic reticulum: structure, function and response to cellular signaling - PMC". Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences. 73 (1): 79–94. doi:10.1007/s00018-015-2052-6. PMC 4700099. PMID 26433683.
- ^ a b Spillane, Mirela; Ketschek, Andrea; Merianda, Tanuja T.; Twiss, Jeffery L.; Gallo, Gianluca (December 26, 2013). "Mitochondria Coordinate Sites of Axon Branching through Localized Intra-axonal Protein Synthesis". Cell Reports. 5 (6): 1564–1575. doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2013.11.022. PMC 3947524. PMID 24332852.
- ^ Farrell, Ryan J.; Ryan, Timothy A. (September 1, 2020). "Local Sourcing of Secretory Proteins in Faraway Places". Trends in Neurosciences. 43 (9): 649–650. doi:10.1016/j.tins.2020.06.004. PMID 32546404. S2CID 219726585 – via www.cell.com.
- ^ Baj, Gabriele; Pinhero, Vera; Vaghi, Valentina; Tongiorgi, Enrico (July 15, 2016). "Signaling pathways controlling activity-dependent local translation of BDNF and their localization in dendritic arbors". Journal of Cell Science. 129 (14): 2852–2864. doi:10.1242/jcs.177626. hdl:11368/2922417. PMID 27270670. S2CID 10266514 – via PubMed.
- ^ Fernandez-Moya, Sandra M.; Bauer, Karl E.; Kiebler, Michael A. (April 8, 2014). "Meet the players: local translation at the synapse". Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience. 7: 84. doi:10.3389/fnmol.2014.00084. PMC 4227489. PMID 25426019.