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*In many examples of wet [[woodland]] in western [[Europe]], the dominant tree is alder (''[[Alnus glutinosa]]'').<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Prieditis |first=Normunds |date=1997-03-01 |title=Alnus glutinosa – dominated wetland forests of the Baltic Region: community structure, syntaxonomy and conservation |url=https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009759701364 |journal=Plant Ecology |language=en |volume=129 |issue=1 |pages=49–94 |doi=10.1023/A:1009759701364 |issn=1573-5052}}</ref>
*In many examples of wet [[woodland]] in western [[Europe]], the dominant tree is alder (''[[Alnus glutinosa]]'').<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Prieditis |first=Normunds |date=1997-03-01 |title=Alnus glutinosa – dominated wetland forests of the Baltic Region: community structure, syntaxonomy and conservation |url=https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009759701364 |journal=Plant Ecology |language=en |volume=129 |issue=1 |pages=49–94 |doi=10.1023/A:1009759701364 |issn=1573-5052}}</ref>
*In [[Tallgrass prairie|tallgrass prairies]] of Northeastern [[Kansas]], the dominant grass is (''[[Andropogon gerardi|Andropogon gerardii]]).''<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Smith |first=Melinda D. |last2=Knapp |first2=Alan K. |date=2003-06 |title=Dominant species maintain ecosystem function with non-random species loss |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1461-0248.2003.00454.x |journal=Ecology Letters |volume=6 |issue=6 |pages=509–517 |doi=10.1046/j.1461-0248.2003.00454.x |issn=1461-023X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Silletti |first=Andrea M |last2=Knapp |first2=Alan K |last3=Blair |first3=John M |date=2004-04-01 |title=Competition and coexistence in grassland codominants: responses to neighbour removal and resource availability |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b04-016 |journal=Canadian Journal of Botany |volume=82 |issue=4 |pages=450–460 |doi=10.1139/b04-016 |issn=0008-4026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Chang |first=Cynthia C. |last2=Smith |first2=Melinda D. |date=2011-10-21 |title=Invasion of an intact plant community: the role of population versus community level diversity |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00442-011-2157-z |journal=Oecologia |volume=168 |issue=4 |pages=1091–1102 |doi=10.1007/s00442-011-2157-z |issn=0029-8549}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hoover |first=D. L. |last2=Knapp |first2=A. K. |last3=Smith |first3=M. D. |date=2014-05-23 |title=Contrasting sensitivities of two dominant C4 grasses to heat waves and drought |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11258-014-0345-8 |journal=Plant Ecology |volume=215 |issue=7 |pages=721–731 |doi=10.1007/s11258-014-0345-8 |issn=1385-0237}}</ref>
*In [[Tallgrass prairie|tallgrass prairies]] of Northeastern [[Kansas]], the dominant grass is (''[[Andropogon gerardi|Andropogon gerardii]]).''<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Smith |first=Melinda D. |last2=Knapp |first2=Alan K. |date=2003-06 |title=Dominant species maintain ecosystem function with non-random species loss |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1461-0248.2003.00454.x |journal=Ecology Letters |volume=6 |issue=6 |pages=509–517 |doi=10.1046/j.1461-0248.2003.00454.x |issn=1461-023X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Silletti |first=Andrea M |last2=Knapp |first2=Alan K |last3=Blair |first3=John M |date=2004-04-01 |title=Competition and coexistence in grassland codominants: responses to neighbour removal and resource availability |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b04-016 |journal=Canadian Journal of Botany |volume=82 |issue=4 |pages=450–460 |doi=10.1139/b04-016 |issn=0008-4026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Chang |first=Cynthia C. |last2=Smith |first2=Melinda D. |date=2011-10-21 |title=Invasion of an intact plant community: the role of population versus community level diversity |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00442-011-2157-z |journal=Oecologia |volume=168 |issue=4 |pages=1091–1102 |doi=10.1007/s00442-011-2157-z |issn=0029-8549}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hoover |first=D. L. |last2=Knapp |first2=A. K. |last3=Smith |first3=M. D. |date=2014-05-23 |title=Contrasting sensitivities of two dominant C4 grasses to heat waves and drought |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11258-014-0345-8 |journal=Plant Ecology |volume=215 |issue=7 |pages=721–731 |doi=10.1007/s11258-014-0345-8 |issn=1385-0237}}</ref>
*In [[temperate]] [[bog]]s, the dominant vegetation is usually species of ''[[Sphagnum]]'' moss.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Krachler |first=Regina |last2=Krachler |first2=Rudolf F. |last3=Wallner |first3=Gabriele |last4=Steier |first4=Peter |last5=El Abiead |first5=Yasin |last6=Wiesinger |first6=Hubert |last7=Jirsa |first7=Franz |last8=Keppler |first8=Bernhard K. |date=2016-06-15 |title=Sphagnum-dominated bog systems are highly effective yet variable sources of bio-available iron to marine waters |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969716304387 |journal=Science of The Total Environment |language=en |volume=556 |pages=53–62 |doi=10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.012 |issn=0048-9697}}</ref>
*In [[temperate]] [[bog]]s, the dominant vegetation is usually species of ''[[Sphagnum]]'' moss.
*[[Tide|Tidal]] swamps in the [[tropics]] are usually dominated by species of mangrove (''[[Rhizophoraceae]]'').<ref>{{Cite book |last=P. |first=Brocklehurst, |url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/40791904 |title=Mangrove survey of Darwin Harbour, Northern Territory (N.T.) : CCNT/NFI project 1994-95 |date=1996 |publisher=Dept. of Lands Planning and Environment |isbn=0-7245-2766-4 |oclc=40791904}}</ref>
*[[Tide|Tidal]] swamps in the [[tropics]] are usually dominated by species of mangrove (''[[Rhizophoraceae]]'').<ref>{{Cite book |last=P. |first=Brocklehurst, |url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/40791904 |title=Mangrove survey of Darwin Harbour, Northern Territory (N.T.) : CCNT/NFI project 1994-95 |date=1996 |publisher=Dept. of Lands Planning and Environment |isbn=0-7245-2766-4 |oclc=40791904}}</ref>
*Some Arctic sea floor communities are dominated by [[brittle star]]s.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Piepenburg |first=D. |last2=Schmid |first2=M. K. |date=1996-07-01 |title=Brittle star fauna (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) of the arctic northwestern Barents sea: composition, abundance, biomass and spatial distribution |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02390420 |journal=Polar Biology |language=en |volume=16 |issue=6 |pages=383–392 |doi=10.1007/BF02390420 |issn=1432-2056}}</ref>
*Some sea floor communities are dominated by [[brittle star]]s.
*Exposed rocky shorelines are dominated by [[Sessility (zoology)|sessile]] organisms such as [[barnacle]]s and [[limpet]]s.
*Exposed rocky shorelines are dominated by [[Sessility (zoology)|sessile]] organisms such as [[barnacle]]s and [[limpet]]s.<ref>{{Citation |last=Worm |first=B. |title=Competition, Coexistence and Diversity on Rocky Shores |date=2002 |url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-642-56166-5_6 |work=Competition and Coexistence |volume=161 |pages=133–163 |access-date=2023-04-27 |place=Berlin, Heidelberg |publisher=Springer Berlin Heidelberg |doi=10.1007/978-3-642-56166-5_6 |isbn=978-3-642-62800-9 |last2=Karez |first2=R.}}</ref>


=== Metrics to Assess Dominance ===
=== Metrics to Assess Dominance ===

Revision as of 03:33, 27 April 2023

For other uses, see Dominance.
"Dominant species" redirects here. For other uses, see Dominant Species.
Rhizophoraceae (mangroves) dominate tropical tidal swamps

Ecological dominance is the degree to which one or several species have a major influence controlling the other species in their ecological community (because of their large size, population, productivity, or related factors)[1] or make up more of the biomass. Both the composition and abundance of species within an ecosystem can be affected by the dominant species present.[2]

In most of the world's ecosystems, biologists have repeatedly observed a rank-abundance curve in which ecosystems are comprised of a handful of incredibly abundant species, but more numerous, rarer species that are few in number.[3][4][5][6] Danish botanist Christen C. Raunkiær described this phenomenon as his "law of frequency" in 1918, in which he recognized that in communities with a single species comprising most of the biomass, species diversity was often lower.[7]

Understandably, biologists expect to see more profound effects from those species greater in number.[8] First formalized as the mass ratio hypothesis in a 1998 paper by English ecologist J. Philip Grime, ecologically dominant species are predicted to have overwhelming effects on ecosystem function and ecological processes due to their relatively high biomass and ubiquity.[9]

Most ecological communities are defined by their dominant species.[10][2]

Metrics to Assess Dominance

There are currently a few different metrics for assessing species dominance in natural ecosystems, including the importance value index,[20] competitive index,[21] community importance index,[22] and dominance index.[2]

See also

References

  1. ^ "OECD Glossary of Statistical Terms - Ecological dominance Definition".
  2. ^ a b c Avolio, Meghan L.; Forrestel, Elisabeth J.; Chang, Cynthia C.; La Pierre, Kimberly J.; Burghardt, Karin T.; Smith, Melinda D. (2019-08). "Demystifying dominant species". New Phytologist. 223 (3): 1106–1126. doi:10.1111/nph.15789. ISSN 0028-646X. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  3. ^ Whittaker, R. H. (1965-01-15). "Dominance and Diversity in Land Plant Communities". Science. 147 (3655): 250–260. doi:10.1126/science.147.3655.250. ISSN 0036-8075.
  4. ^ Alroy, John (2015-09-04). "The shape of terrestrial abundance distributions". Science Advances. 1 (8). doi:10.1126/sciadv.1500082. ISSN 2375-2548.
  5. ^ Darwin, Charles; Murray, John (1859). On the origin of species by means of natural selection, or, The preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life. London: John Murray, Albemarle Street.
  6. ^ Gleason, H. A. (1929-10). "The Significance of Raunkiaer's Law of Frequency". Ecology. 10 (4): 406–408. doi:10.2307/1931149. ISSN 0012-9658. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  7. ^ Kenoyer, Leslie A. (1927-07). "A Study of Raunkaier's Law of Frequence". Ecology. 8 (3): 341–349. doi:10.2307/1929336. ISSN 0012-9658. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  8. ^ Gaston, Kevin J. (2011-05). "Common Ecology". BioScience. 61 (5): 354–362. doi:10.1525/bio.2011.61.5.4. ISSN 1525-3244. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  9. ^ Grime, J. P. (1998-12). "Benefits of plant diversity to ecosystems: immediate, filter and founder effects". Journal of Ecology. 86 (6): 902–910. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2745.1998.00306.x. ISSN 0022-0477. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  10. ^ Braun, E. Lucy (1947-04). "Development of the Deciduous Forests of Eastern North America". Ecological Monographs. 17 (2): 211–219. doi:10.2307/1943265. ISSN 0012-9615. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  11. ^ Prieditis, Normunds (1997-03-01). "Alnus glutinosa – dominated wetland forests of the Baltic Region: community structure, syntaxonomy and conservation". Plant Ecology. 129 (1): 49–94. doi:10.1023/A:1009759701364. ISSN 1573-5052.
  12. ^ Smith, Melinda D.; Knapp, Alan K. (2003-06). "Dominant species maintain ecosystem function with non-random species loss". Ecology Letters. 6 (6): 509–517. doi:10.1046/j.1461-0248.2003.00454.x. ISSN 1461-023X. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  13. ^ Silletti, Andrea M; Knapp, Alan K; Blair, John M (2004-04-01). "Competition and coexistence in grassland codominants: responses to neighbour removal and resource availability". Canadian Journal of Botany. 82 (4): 450–460. doi:10.1139/b04-016. ISSN 0008-4026.
  14. ^ Chang, Cynthia C.; Smith, Melinda D. (2011-10-21). "Invasion of an intact plant community: the role of population versus community level diversity". Oecologia. 168 (4): 1091–1102. doi:10.1007/s00442-011-2157-z. ISSN 0029-8549.
  15. ^ Hoover, D. L.; Knapp, A. K.; Smith, M. D. (2014-05-23). "Contrasting sensitivities of two dominant C4 grasses to heat waves and drought". Plant Ecology. 215 (7): 721–731. doi:10.1007/s11258-014-0345-8. ISSN 1385-0237.
  16. ^ Krachler, Regina; Krachler, Rudolf F.; Wallner, Gabriele; Steier, Peter; El Abiead, Yasin; Wiesinger, Hubert; Jirsa, Franz; Keppler, Bernhard K. (2016-06-15). "Sphagnum-dominated bog systems are highly effective yet variable sources of bio-available iron to marine waters". Science of The Total Environment. 556: 53–62. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.012. ISSN 0048-9697.
  17. ^ P., Brocklehurst, (1996). Mangrove survey of Darwin Harbour, Northern Territory (N.T.) : CCNT/NFI project 1994-95. Dept. of Lands Planning and Environment. ISBN 0-7245-2766-4. OCLC 40791904.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  18. ^ Piepenburg, D.; Schmid, M. K. (1996-07-01). "Brittle star fauna (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) of the arctic northwestern Barents sea: composition, abundance, biomass and spatial distribution". Polar Biology. 16 (6): 383–392. doi:10.1007/BF02390420. ISSN 1432-2056.
  19. ^ Worm, B.; Karez, R. (2002), "Competition, Coexistence and Diversity on Rocky Shores", Competition and Coexistence, vol. 161, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 133–163, doi:10.1007/978-3-642-56166-5_6, ISBN 978-3-642-62800-9, retrieved 2023-04-27
  20. ^ Curtis, J. T.; McIntosh, R. P. (1951-07). "An Upland Forest Continuum in the Prairie-Forest Border Region of Wisconsin". Ecology. 32 (3): 476–496. doi:10.2307/1931725. ISSN 0012-9658. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  21. ^ GRIME, J. P. (1973-03). "Competitive Exclusion in Herbaceous Vegetation". Nature. 242 (5396): 344–347. doi:10.1038/242344a0. ISSN 0028-0836. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  22. ^ Power, Mary E.; Tilman, David; Estes, James A.; Menge, Bruce A.; Bond, William J.; Mills, L. Scott; Daily, Gretchen; Castilla, Juan Carlos; Lubchenco, Jane; Paine, Robert T. (1996-09). "Challenges in the Quest for Keystones". BioScience. 46 (8): 609–620. doi:10.2307/1312990. ISSN 0006-3568. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

External links

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