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| death_date = {{death date and age|1983|09|10|1941|09|29}}
| death_date = {{death date and age|1983|09|10|1941|09|29}}
| death_place = [[Seattle]], Washington, U.S.
| death_place = [[Seattle]], Washington, U.S.
| death_cause = [[Congestive heart failure]]
| occupation = Taxi driver
| known_for = [[List of heaviest people|Heaviest person ever recorded]] ({{cvt|1400|lb|kg st|0|abbr=in|lk=on|disp=or}})
| known_for = [[List of heaviest people|Heaviest person ever recorded]] ({{cvt|1400|lb|kg st|0|abbr=in|lk=on|disp=or}})
| height = {{convert|185|cm|ftin|abbr=on|order=flip}}
| height = {{convert|185|cm|ftin|abbr=on|order=flip}}
| spouse = {{marriage|Janette Minnoch|1978}}
| spouse = {{marriage|Jeannette Minnoch|1978}}
| children = 2
| children = 2
}}
}}


'''Jon Brower Minnoch''' (September 29, 1941 – September 10, 1983) was an American man who was the [[List of the heaviest people|heaviest human]] in history, weighing approximately {{convert|1400|lb|kg st|0|abbr=in|lk=on}} at his peak.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date= |title=Heaviest man ever |url=https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/heaviest-man/ |access-date=2023-05-23 |website=[[Guinness World Records]] |language=en-gb}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Wright |first=James D. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sX1aDwAAQBAJ&newbks=0&hl=en |title=Lost Souls: Manners and Morals in Contemporary American Society |date=2018-05-11 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |isbn=978-1-351-01159-4 |language=en |author-link=James D. Wright}}</ref>
'''Jon Brower Minnoch''' (September 29, 1941 – September 10, 1983) was an American man who was the [[List of the heaviest people|heaviest human]] in history, weighing approximately {{convert|1400|lb|kg st|0|abbr=in|lk=on}} at his peak.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date= |title=Heaviest man ever |url=https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/heaviest-man/ |access-date=2023-05-23 |website=[[Guinness World Records]] |language=en-gb}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Hamid |first=Tarek K. A. |url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-0-387-09469-4 |title=Thinking in Circles About Obesity |date=2009 |publisher=[[Springer Science+Business Media|Springer]] |isbn=978-0-387-09468-7 |location=New York, NY |page=321 |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-0-387-09469-4}}</ref>


== Life ==
== Life ==
Minnoch was born in 1941 and lived in [[Bainbridge Island, Washington|Bainbridge Island, WA]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Keller |first=Kathleen |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rhJzAwAAQBAJ&newbks=0&hl=en |title=Encyclopedia of Obesity |date=2008-01-24 |publisher=[[SAGE Publications]] |isbn=978-1-4522-6585-8 |volume=1 |pages=510 |language=en}}</ref> Minnoch suffered from [[obesity]] since childhood,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sanders |first=Ted J.M. |last2=Gernsbacher |first2=Morton Ann |date=2004 |title=Accessibility in Text and Discourse Processing |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1207/s15326950dp3702_1 |journal=[[Discourse Processes]] |language=en |volume=37 |issue=2 |pages=80 |doi=10.1207/s15326950dp3702_1 |issn=0163-853X |pmc=4266491 |pmid=25520533}}</ref> suggesting a [[Genetic disorder|genetic cause]] for his condition.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Allardyce |first=Claire S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mGsoDwAAQBAJ&newbks=0&hl=en |title=Fat Chemistry: The Science behind Obesity |date= |publisher=[[Royal Society of Chemistry]] |year=2012 |isbn=978-1-78262-581-0 |language=en}}</ref> At the age of 12, Minnoch weighed {{convert|294|lb|kg st|abbr=in}}. By age of 22, he weighed {{convert|392|lb|kg st|abbr=in}} and became {{convert|700|lb|kg st|abbr=in}} in 1963. Minnoch usually weighed {{convert|800-900|lb|kg st|0|abbr=in|lk=on}}<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Roberts |first=William Clifford |author-link=William Clifford Roberts |date=1991 |title=Human records and a tribute to the Guinness Book of World Records |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/000291499190770L |journal=[[The American Journal of Cardiology]] |language=en |volume=68 |issue=2 |pages=288–289 |doi=10.1016/0002-9149(91)90770-L}}</ref> and was about 80% [[Body fat percentage|fat]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Shell |first=Ellen Ruppel |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i_h8pgdN4cgC&newbks=0&hl=en |title=The Hungry Gene: The Inside Story of the Obesity Industry |date=2003 |publisher=[[Grove Press]] |isbn=978-0-8021-4033-3 |page=49 |language=en |author-link=Ellen Ruppel Shell}}</ref> Despite his condition, Minnoach tried to live a conventional life.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Fahy |first=Thomas |date=April 2017 |title=Disturbing Appetites: Food, Fatness, and 1980s American Culture in Stephen King's Thinner |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jpcu.12509 |journal=[[The Journal of Popular Culture]] |language=en |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=312 |doi=10.1111/jpcu.12509}}</ref> He worked as a [[taxi]] driver for 17 years<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |date=July 7, 1979 |title=900 pounds down, 265 to go |pages=3 |work=[[Wisconsin State Journal]] |location=Seattle |via=[[NewspaperArchive]]}}</ref> and married his 110-pound wife, Jeannette, in March 1978.<ref>{{Cite news |date=December 17, 2001 |title=Did you know? |pages=40 |work=[[The Advertiser (Adelaide)|The Advertiser]] |via=[[EBSCOHost]]}}</ref> At this time, Minnoch was 12x his wife's weight, breaking the record for the greatest weight disparity between husband and wife.<ref name=":4">{{Cite journal |last=Stockman |first=James A. |date=January 1992 |title=Clinical facts and curios |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0045938092900406 |journal=[[Current Problems in Pediatrics]] |language=en |volume=22 |issue=1 |pages=54–55 |doi=10.1016/0045-9380(92)90040-6}}</ref> He fathered two children.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Baker |first=Rose |author-link=Rose Baker |date=June 2010 |title=The Problem of Obesity: can Mathematics help? |url=https://cdn.ima.org.uk/wp/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/MT_2010_The_Problem_of_Obesity.pdf |journal=Mathematics Today |publisher=[[Institute of Mathematics and its Applications]] |volume=46 |page=141}}</ref>
Minnoch was born in 1941 and lived in [[Bainbridge Island, Washington|Bainbridge Island, WA]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Keller |first=Kathleen |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rhJzAwAAQBAJ&newbks=0&hl=en |title=Encyclopedia of Obesity |date=2008-01-24 |publisher=[[SAGE Publications]] |isbn=978-1-4522-6585-8 |volume=1 |pages=510 |language=en}}</ref> Minnoch suffered from [[obesity]] since childhood,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sanders |first=Ted J.M. |last2=Gernsbacher |first2=Morton Ann |date=2004 |title=Accessibility in Text and Discourse Processing |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1207/s15326950dp3702_1 |journal=[[Discourse Processes]] |language=en |volume=37 |issue=2 |pages=80 |doi=10.1207/s15326950dp3702_1 |issn=0163-853X |pmc=4266491 |pmid=25520533}}</ref> suggesting a [[Genetic disorder|genetic cause]] for his condition.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Allardyce |first=Claire S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mGsoDwAAQBAJ&newbks=0&hl=en |title=Fat Chemistry: The Science behind Obesity |date= |publisher=[[Royal Society of Chemistry]] |year=2012 |isbn=978-1-78262-581-0 |language=en}}</ref> At the age of 12, Minnoch weighed {{convert|294|lb|kg st|abbr=in}}. By age of 22, he weighed {{convert|392|lb|kg st|abbr=in}} and became {{convert|700|lb|kg st|abbr=in}} in 1963. Minnoch usually weighed {{convert|800-900|lb|kg st|0|abbr=in|lk=on}}<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Roberts |first=William Clifford |author-link=William Clifford Roberts |date=1991 |title=Human records and a tribute to the Guinness Book of World Records |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/000291499190770L |journal=[[The American Journal of Cardiology]] |language=en |volume=68 |issue=2 |pages=288–289 |doi=10.1016/0002-9149(91)90770-L}}</ref> and was about 80% [[Body fat percentage|fat]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Shell |first=Ellen Ruppel |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i_h8pgdN4cgC&newbks=0&hl=en |title=The Hungry Gene: The Inside Story of the Obesity Industry |date=2003 |publisher=[[Grove Press]] |isbn=978-0-8021-4033-3 |page=49 |language=en |author-link=Ellen Ruppel Shell}}</ref> Minnoch stood {{Convert|6|ft|1|in|abbr=on}} in height.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Wright |first=James D. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sX1aDwAAQBAJ&newbks=0&hl=en |title=Lost Souls: Manners and Morals in Contemporary American Society |date=2018-05-11 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |isbn=978-1-351-01159-4 |language=en |author-link=James D. Wright}}</ref> Despite his condition, Minnoch
tried to live a conventional life.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Fahy |first=Thomas |date=April 2017 |title=Disturbing Appetites: Food, Fatness, and 1980s American Culture in Stephen King's Thinner |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jpcu.12509 |journal=[[The Journal of Popular Culture]] |language=en |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=312 |doi=10.1111/jpcu.12509}}</ref> He worked as a [[taxi]] driver for 17 years<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |date=July 7, 1979 |title=900 pounds down, 265 to go |pages=3 |work=[[Wisconsin State Journal]] |location=Seattle |via=[[NewspaperArchive]]}}</ref> and married his 110-pound wife, Jeannette, in March 1978.<ref>{{Cite news |date=December 17, 2001 |title=Did you know? |pages=40 |work=[[The Advertiser (Adelaide)|The Advertiser]] |via=[[EBSCOHost]]}}</ref> At this time, Minnoch was 12 times his wife's weight, breaking the record for the greatest weight disparity between husband and wife.<ref name=":4">{{Cite journal |last=Stockman |first=James A. |date=January 1992 |title=Clinical facts and curios |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0045938092900406 |journal=[[Current Problems in Pediatrics]] |language=en |volume=22 |issue=1 |pages=54–55 |doi=10.1016/0045-9380(92)90040-6}}</ref> He fathered two children.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Baker |first=Rose |author-link=Rose Baker |date=June 2010 |title=The Problem of Obesity: can Mathematics help? |url=https://cdn.ima.org.uk/wp/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/MT_2010_The_Problem_of_Obesity.pdf |journal=Mathematics Today |publisher=[[Institute of Mathematics and its Applications]] |volume=46 |page=141}}</ref>


== Hospitalizations and death ==
== Hospitalizations and death ==
Line 26: Line 30:
Minnoch was diagnosed with a massive [[edema]], a condition in which the body accumulates excess [[extracellular fluid]]. Due to his poor health, measuring Minnoch's weight with a scale was impossible.<ref name=":0" /> However, [[endocrinologist]] Robert Schwartz estimated his weight to be in excess of {{convert|1400|lb|kg st|0|abbr=in|lk=off}}. Minnoch reached a peak [[body mass index]] (BMI) of 186.<ref name=":2" /> While Minnoch was the heaviest person in history, [[Robert Earl Hughes]] (1926–1958) holds the record, according to [[Guinness World Records|''Guinness World Records'']], for the largest "precisely measured weight for a human” at {{convert|1069|lb|kg st|abbr=in}}.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Nickell |first=Joe |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt2jcf40 |title=Secrets of the Sideshows |date=2005 |publisher=[[University Press of Kentucky]] |isbn=978-0-8131-2358-5 |page=93 |jstor=j.ctt2jcf40 |author-link=Joe Nickell}}</ref> According to Schwartz, Minnoch was "by at least 300 pounds the heaviest person ever reported" and "probably the most unusual thing about [Minnoch's] case was the fact that he lived."<ref name=":1" /> Minnoch's doctors were unsure how he got so large.<ref name=":1" />
Minnoch was diagnosed with a massive [[edema]], a condition in which the body accumulates excess [[extracellular fluid]]. Due to his poor health, measuring Minnoch's weight with a scale was impossible.<ref name=":0" /> However, [[endocrinologist]] Robert Schwartz estimated his weight to be in excess of {{convert|1400|lb|kg st|0|abbr=in|lk=off}}. Minnoch reached a peak [[body mass index]] (BMI) of 186.<ref name=":2" /> While Minnoch was the heaviest person in history, [[Robert Earl Hughes]] (1926–1958) holds the record, according to [[Guinness World Records|''Guinness World Records'']], for the largest "precisely measured weight for a human” at {{convert|1069|lb|kg st|abbr=in}}.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Nickell |first=Joe |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt2jcf40 |title=Secrets of the Sideshows |date=2005 |publisher=[[University Press of Kentucky]] |isbn=978-0-8131-2358-5 |page=93 |jstor=j.ctt2jcf40 |author-link=Joe Nickell}}</ref> According to Schwartz, Minnoch was "by at least 300 pounds the heaviest person ever reported" and "probably the most unusual thing about [Minnoch's] case was the fact that he lived."<ref name=":1" /> Minnoch's doctors were unsure how he got so large.<ref name=":1" />


Minnoch remained in the hospital for two years and was put on a diet of {{convert|1200|kcal|kJ|abbr=on|lk=on}} per day. When discharged from the hospital, Minnoch weighed {{convert|476|lb|kg st|0|abbr=on}}, having lost {{convert|924|lb|kg st|0|abbr=on}}, the largest human weight loss ever documented at the time.<ref>{{Citation |last=McDermott |first=Michael T. |title=Interesting endocrine facts and figures |date=2013 |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/B9781455749751000711 |work=Endocrine Secrets |pages=521 |access-date=2023-05-23 |publisher=[[Elsevier]] |language=en |doi=10.1016/b978-1-4557-4975-1.00071-1 |isbn=978-1-4557-4975-1}}</ref> Minnoch hoped to eventually reach a weight of about {{convert|210|lb|kg st|0|abbr=in|lk=off}}; stating, "I've waited 37 years to get this chance at a new life."<ref name=":1" /> Minnoch soon started to gain weight again.<ref name=":0" /> He was readmitted to the hospital just over a year later in October 1981,<ref name=":3" /> after his weight increased to {{convert|952|lb|kg st|0|abbr=on}}.<ref name=":0" /> Minnoch managed to put on more than {{convert|196|lb|kg st|0|abbr=on}} after a seven day eating binge.<ref>{{Cite news |last=O'Neil |first=Dan |date=November 3, 1990 |title=Fantastic Fact File |pages=13 |work=[[South Wales Echo]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> He died 23 months later on September 10, 1983, aged 41.<ref name=":3" /> At the time of his death, he weighed {{convert|798|lb|kg st|0|abbr=on}}.<ref name=":0" /> Minnoch's [[cause of death]] was congestive heart failure.<ref name=":4" />
Minnoch remained in the hospital for two years and was put on a diet of {{convert|1200|kcal|kJ|abbr=on|lk=on}} per day. When discharged from the hospital, Minnoch weighed {{convert|476|lb|kg st|0|abbr=on}}, having lost {{convert|924|lb|kg st|0|abbr=on}}, the largest human weight loss ever documented at the time.<ref>{{Citation |last=McDermott |first=Michael T. |title=Interesting endocrine facts and figures |date=2013 |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/B9781455749751000711 |work=Endocrine Secrets |pages=521 |access-date=2023-05-23 |publisher=[[Elsevier]] |language=en |doi=10.1016/b978-1-4557-4975-1.00071-1 |isbn=978-1-4557-4975-1}}</ref> Minnoch hoped to eventually reach a weight of about {{convert|210|lb|kg st|0|abbr=in|lk=off}}; stating, "I've waited 37 years to get this chance at a new life."<ref name=":1" /> Minnoch soon started to gain weight again.<ref name=":0" /> He was readmitted to the hospital just over a year later in October 1981,<ref name=":3" /> after his weight increased to {{convert|952|lb|kg st|0|abbr=on}}.<ref name=":0" /> Minnoch managed to put on more than {{convert|196|lb|kg st|0|abbr=on}} after a seven day eating binge.<ref>{{Cite news |last=O'Neil |first=Dan |date=November 3, 1990 |title=Fantastic Fact File |pages=13 |work=[[South Wales Echo]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> He died 23 months later on September 10, 1983, aged 41.<ref name=":3" /> At the time of his death, he weighed {{convert|798|lb|kg st|0|abbr=on}}.<ref name=":0" /> Minnoch's [[cause of death]] was congestive heart failure.<ref name=":4" />


Minnoch was buried in a double-sized wood casket which took up two cemetery plots.<ref>{{Cite news |date=February 4, 1998 |title=Man Plans to Leave House After Losing 400 Pounds |pages=7 |work=The Daily Review |location=Morgan City, Louisiana |url= |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>
Minnoch was buried in a double-sized wood casket which took up two cemetery plots.<ref>{{Cite news |date=February 4, 1998 |title=Man Plans to Leave House After Losing 400 Pounds |pages=7 |work=The Daily Review |location=Morgan City, Louisiana |url= |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>

Revision as of 06:37, 26 May 2023

Jon Brower Minnoch
BornSeptember 29, 1941
Bainbridge Island, Washington, U.S.
DiedSeptember 10, 1983(1983-09-10) (aged 41)
Seattle, Washington, U.S.
Cause of deathCongestive heart failure
OccupationTaxi driver
Known forHeaviest person ever recorded (1,400 lb or 635 kg or 100 st)
Height6 ft 1 in (185 cm)
Spouse
Jeannette Minnoch
​
(m. 1978)​
Children2

Jon Brower Minnoch (September 29, 1941 – September 10, 1983) was an American man who was the heaviest human in history, weighing approximately 1,400 lb (635 kilograms; 100 stone) at his peak.[1][2]

Life

Minnoch was born in 1941 and lived in Bainbridge Island, WA.[3] Minnoch suffered from obesity since childhood,[4] suggesting a genetic cause for his condition.[5] At the age of 12, Minnoch weighed 294 lb (133 kilograms; 21.0 stone). By age of 22, he weighed 392 lb (178 kilograms; 28.0 stone) and became 700 lb (320 kilograms; 50 stone) in 1963. Minnoch usually weighed 800–900 lb (363–408 kilograms; 57–64 stone)[6] and was about 80% fat.[7] Minnoch stood 6 ft 1 in (1.85 m) in height.[8] Despite his condition, Minnoch

tried to live a conventional life.[9] He worked as a taxi driver for 17 years[10] and married his 110-pound wife, Jeannette, in March 1978.[11] At this time, Minnoch was 12 times his wife's weight, breaking the record for the greatest weight disparity between husband and wife.[12] He fathered two children.[13]

Hospitalizations and death

Suffering from heart and respiratory failure, Minnoch was admitted to the University of Washington Medical Center in Seattle in March 1978.[9] Firefighters were forced to remove a window at Minnoch's home and place him on a thick piece of plywood.[10] It took over a dozen firemen and rescue personnel and a specially modified stretcher to transport him to the hospital. There, he was placed on two beds pushed together, and it took 13 people to roll him over.[9] Minnoch's hospitalization was caused by a crash diet. He "got so tired" of being heavy that he decided to cut his food intake to "almost nothing". However, for some reason, his body ceased eliminating waste altogether.[10]

Minnoch was diagnosed with a massive edema, a condition in which the body accumulates excess extracellular fluid. Due to his poor health, measuring Minnoch's weight with a scale was impossible.[9] However, endocrinologist Robert Schwartz estimated his weight to be in excess of 1,400 lb (635 kilograms; 100 stone). Minnoch reached a peak body mass index (BMI) of 186.[13] While Minnoch was the heaviest person in history, Robert Earl Hughes (1926–1958) holds the record, according to Guinness World Records, for the largest "precisely measured weight for a human” at 1,069 lb (485 kilograms; 76.4 stone).[14] According to Schwartz, Minnoch was "by at least 300 pounds the heaviest person ever reported" and "probably the most unusual thing about [Minnoch's] case was the fact that he lived."[10] Minnoch's doctors were unsure how he got so large.[10]

Minnoch remained in the hospital for two years and was put on a diet of 1,200 kcal (5,000 kJ) per day. When discharged from the hospital, Minnoch weighed 476 lb (216 kg; 34 st), having lost 924 lb (419 kg; 66 st), the largest human weight loss ever documented at the time.[15] Minnoch hoped to eventually reach a weight of about 210 lb (95 kilograms; 15 stone); stating, "I've waited 37 years to get this chance at a new life."[10] Minnoch soon started to gain weight again.[9] He was readmitted to the hospital just over a year later in October 1981,[1] after his weight increased to 952 lb (432 kg; 68 st).[9] Minnoch managed to put on more than 196 lb (89 kg; 14 st) after a seven day eating binge.[16] He died 23 months later on September 10, 1983, aged 41.[1] At the time of his death, he weighed 798 lb (362 kg; 57 st).[9] Minnoch's cause of death was congestive heart failure.[12]

Minnoch was buried in a double-sized wood casket which took up two cemetery plots.[17]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c "Heaviest man ever". Guinness World Records. Retrieved May 23, 2023.
  2. ^ Hamid, Tarek K. A. (2009). Thinking in Circles About Obesity. New York, NY: Springer. p. 321. doi:10.1007/978-0-387-09469-4. ISBN 978-0-387-09468-7.
  3. ^ Keller, Kathleen (January 24, 2008). Encyclopedia of Obesity. Vol. 1. SAGE Publications. p. 510. ISBN 978-1-4522-6585-8.
  4. ^ Sanders, Ted J.M.; Gernsbacher, Morton Ann (2004). "Accessibility in Text and Discourse Processing". Discourse Processes. 37 (2): 80. doi:10.1207/s15326950dp3702_1. ISSN 0163-853X. PMC 4266491. PMID 25520533.
  5. ^ Allardyce, Claire S. (2012). Fat Chemistry: The Science behind Obesity. Royal Society of Chemistry. ISBN 978-1-78262-581-0.
  6. ^ Roberts, William Clifford (1991). "Human records and a tribute to the Guinness Book of World Records". The American Journal of Cardiology. 68 (2): 288–289. doi:10.1016/0002-9149(91)90770-L.
  7. ^ Shell, Ellen Ruppel (2003). The Hungry Gene: The Inside Story of the Obesity Industry. Grove Press. p. 49. ISBN 978-0-8021-4033-3.
  8. ^ Wright, James D. (May 11, 2018). Lost Souls: Manners and Morals in Contemporary American Society. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-351-01159-4.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g Fahy, Thomas (April 2017). "Disturbing Appetites: Food, Fatness, and 1980s American Culture in Stephen King's Thinner". The Journal of Popular Culture. 50 (2): 312. doi:10.1111/jpcu.12509.
  10. ^ a b c d e f "900 pounds down, 265 to go". Wisconsin State Journal. Seattle. July 7, 1979. p. 3 – via NewspaperArchive.
  11. ^ "Did you know?". The Advertiser. December 17, 2001. p. 40 – via EBSCOHost.
  12. ^ a b Stockman, James A. (January 1992). "Clinical facts and curios". Current Problems in Pediatrics. 22 (1): 54–55. doi:10.1016/0045-9380(92)90040-6.
  13. ^ a b Baker, Rose (June 2010). "The Problem of Obesity: can Mathematics help?" (PDF). Mathematics Today. 46. Institute of Mathematics and its Applications: 141.
  14. ^ Nickell, Joe (2005). Secrets of the Sideshows. University Press of Kentucky. p. 93. ISBN 978-0-8131-2358-5. JSTOR j.ctt2jcf40.
  15. ^ McDermott, Michael T. (2013), "Interesting endocrine facts and figures", Endocrine Secrets, Elsevier, p. 521, doi:10.1016/b978-1-4557-4975-1.00071-1, ISBN 978-1-4557-4975-1, retrieved May 23, 2023
  16. ^ O'Neil, Dan (November 3, 1990). "Fantastic Fact File". South Wales Echo. p. 13 – via Newspapers.com.
  17. ^ "Man Plans to Leave House After Losing 400 Pounds". The Daily Review. Morgan City, Louisiana. February 4, 1998. p. 7 – via Newspapers.com.
Preceded by Heaviest person ever recorded
1941–1983 		Succeeded by
None
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